Abernathy, Judge H. B., 180
Adams, J. H., 157
Adamson Eight-Hour Day Law, 454, n 112
“AFL Giants”, 435
Africa, 20, 22, 23, 24, 108, 411, 417, 456
Alabama A. & M. College, 61
Alabama Coal Strike of 1908, 156–98
Alabama State Federation of Labor, 93
Albertson, Roy, 305
Alcorn A. & M. College, 63
Aldrich, Chester, 213
Alexander, representative Hooper, 210
Allen, J. V., 193
Allison, Rev. George W., 292, 296, 301
Alschuler, Judge Samuel, 463
Amalgamated Association of Steel and Iron Workers, 53
Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers, 113
Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America, 114, 345, 347, 457, 463
American Federation of Labor, affiliated unions which accepted black workers listed, 426, 456; affiliated unions which barred Negroes listed, 460; and the black worker, 17, 93–94, 17, 111–12, 114, 128–29; 1917 convention of, 417–20; 1918 convention of, 420–24; 1919 convention of, 424–27; black delegates to 1919 convention of, 452; railway department of and exclusion of blacks, 460–62; mentioned, 92, 303, 317, 318, 320, 346, 500, 523–26, 528, 531, n 135.
American Giants (colored), 346
American Lumber Company, 492, 509
American Socialist Party, 493, 502, 511, 513
American Unity Packers Union, 470
American Wire Weavers’ Protective Association, 112
Ameringer, Oscar, 128–32, n 35
Amsterdam News, 446
Anderson, Charles W., 107, n 26
Anderson, Paul Y., 300, 301, 306
Appeal to Reason, 493
Arkansas Baptist College, 64, 65
Armenians, slaughter of, 313
Armstrong, General Samuel C., 42, n 17.
Asphalt Pavers’ Union of Chicago, 437
Associated Colored Employees of America, 416, 433–34, n 97
Astor, Jacob, n 122
Atlanta Constitution, 308
Atlanta University, 74, 78, 80, 451
Atlantic Monthly, 512
Augusta Chronicle, 223
Avery Institute, 64
Averyhart, Charles, 188
Bacon, Benjamin, 46
Badgett, Harry, 425
Badgett, Harry A., 424
Badham, H. L., 157
Baine, C. L., 427
Balard Normal School, 63
Banks, George, 167
Bar Porters’ Union, 126
Barrett C. & I. Institute, 62
Barrington, Ed., 182
Barrow, Chancellor, David C., 219, n 57
Bassett, professor John Spencer, 213, n 56
Battle, C. M., 419
Bean, J. H., 117
Beck, Rev. S. R., 203
Behrman, Mayor Martin, 131, 137–56
Belcher, Dow, 163
Belgium, 313
Bera, R. E., 164
Bickett, Thomas Walter, 371–73, 382–83, n 81
Binford, Grand Master Henry Claxton, 181, 185
Birmingham Age-Herald, 92
“Birth of a Nation,” n 14
Bishop College, 61
“Black Belt,” of Chicago, 335, 336, 337, 338, 341, 353, 354, 362, 365, 463
Black Diamond Glass Company, 93
“Black Maria,” 355
Black Warrior River, Alabama, 19
Black workers, American Federation of Labor and, 119–28; racial issues at AFL conventions, 417–28; AFL unions accepting blacks listed, 426; AFL supporters of blacks being organized, 426, 452; economic conditions of in the South, 2–19, in the North, 19–39; and cooperation with White workers, 105, 108, 111–12, 116–17, 128–98 pasim, 342, 370–71, 385, 430, 443–44, 449, 453, 483–89, 493–534; and European immigrants, 31–33, 103, 105, 319, 337, 338, 342, 346, 348, 429–30, 436, 442, 445, 465, 476; labor agents and, 228; Industrial Workers of the World and, 500–34; organized labor and, 92–225, 317–18, 320, 331–33, 340–42, 344–47, 350, 361–62, 364, 396–97, 416–89; as strikers, 103–04, 108, 128–98 passim, 431–32, 475, 492, 509–10, 514–18; as strikebreakers, 17, 53, 98, 103, 111, 117, 124, 129, 215, 284, 429, 443–44, 449, 457, 463, 476, 492, 510; socialism and, 493–502; white race strikes and, 93–95, 198–225; as women, 55, 67–72, 76–77, 79, 83–90, 342–44, 391, 401–08, 430–32, 435, 452, 455–56, 464; occupations of by city, 15–18, 27–29, 45–46, 74–79; occupations of listed, 9–10, 46–54, 57–90, 370, 441; occupations of mentioned, barbers, 12, 25, 32, 113, 125; blacksmiths, 42–44; boiler-makers, 41, 44; bootblacks, 25, 26, 32; brickmasons, 14; brickyard hands, 35, 42, 44; building tradesmen, 44; businessmen, 25–27; cabinet-makers, 42; carpenters, 14, 42, 43, 106, 121, 442, 498; caterers, 26; chambermaids, 343; cigar-makers, 106; clerks, 25–26, 97; coachmen, 12; coal-wheelers, 133; coopers, 44; cotton mill operators, 4–6, 44, 101, 454; cotton yardmen, 133, 141; domestic servants, 4, 12, 13; draymen, 4; electricians, 39; engineers, 106; foremen, 26, 44, 430; foundry hands, 42, 44, 101; guano hands, 382; hairdressers, 343; hod-carriers, 430; hosiery mill operatives, 382, 435; iron-molders, 116; janitors, 25–26; kitchen helpers, 342; laborers, 19–20, 24–26, 38, 40, 107; locomotive firemen, 198–225; longshoremen, 106, 115–16, 119–22, 133–56 passim; lumber mill operatives, 42, 101, 125, 382, 509; machinists, 44; mechanics, 40–42, 44, 116, 121, 442; merchants, 14; miners, 42, 101, 156–98; painters, 14, 32, 106, 122; piledrivers, 400–01; plumbers, 40; porters, 26, 38, 40; profesionals, 14, 25, 35, 42, 44; prostitutes, 8; seamstresses, 14; screwmen, 133–56 passim; shipyard hands, 399–401; shoemakers, 44; steel mill operatives, 42, 44, 114; stevedores, 429; stone-masons, 44; teamsters, 25–26, 114, 133; tobacco factory operatives, 44, 123, 382; waiters, 12, 25–26, 32, 113; washerwomen, 7, 12; watchmakers, 42
Blacks, attitude of racial leaders toward unions, 468–75
Blacks, and education, 37, 39, 43
Blacks, industrial education of, 406–07
Blacks, lack of economic opportunities, 36, 39, 52
Bloomfield, W. D., 143
Bogalusa, La., unionists, killed, 483–89
Bolton, G. W., 143
Boncer, William, 425,
Bondfield, Margaret, 346
Bonnyman, James, 157
Bookbinders’ Union, 102
Booker, Benjamin, 54
Booker, Robert, 54
Boston Guardian, 447
Bowner, Giles, 328
Bowser, J. Dallas, 109
Brais, E. J., 114
Brandt, Ralph V., 112
Bratton, I. H., 457
Brevard, Colonel Ephraim, 4
Brewery Workers’ Union, 128
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Employees, 354
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 112, 198, 202, 208, 210, 215
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, 92, 112, 198–225 passim
Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators, and Paperhangers of America, 123
Brotherhood of Timber Workers, 492, 503, 505
Brotherhood of Railroad Freight Handlers, 114
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 112, 454
Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, 458, 480
Brown, E. J., 139
Brown, Louis J., 446
Brown, Monroe, 126
Brown, W. S., 173
Browne, Hugh M., 19
Browning, Samuel T., 126
Bruce, Carrie Roscoe C., 455
Bryant, Joe, 216
Bryson, Captain W. J., 156
Buck, William, 351
Buckner, George W., 385
Bulkley, William L., 2, 34, 37, n 11
Burford, Robert E., 425
Burgess, Assistant Grand Chief, 198,
Burns, Thomas F., 422
Burroughs, Nannie H., 455, n 86
Burt, Sidney, 419
Burwell, Edward, 400
Byrnes, James, 133, 137–39, 141, 143–44
Cabin Creek Strike of 1912–13, n 133
Cabin Creek “war,” 520
Callahan, John T., 141
Calloway, Thomas J., 43
Campbell, Miller L., 425
Campbell, Mose, 328
Campbell, P. D., 347
Capdevielle, Hon. Paul, 142, 143
Carpenters’ Union, 66
Carber, Bob, 161
Carter, Elizabeth C., 455
Carter, Jeannette, 446
Case, Isabel, 347
Catts, Governor Sidney J., 372, n 82
Central Labor Union of the Colored Workers, New Orleans, 121
Central Labor Union, Shreveport, La., 86
Central Trades Council, Bogalusa, La., 484, 487
Central Trades and Labor Council, 136
Central Trades and Labor Union of East St. Louis, 311, 313, 320, 331–33
Chambers, C. E., 189
Chambers, Jordan W., 425
Chattanooga Tradesman, 42, 101
Chavis, William N., 418
Chesapeake Marine Railway, 87
Chester Riot of 1917, 313, 428
Chicago, unions admitting blacks to equal status, 463; unions admitting blacks to segregated locals; unions admitting blacks to subordinate locals, 467–68; unions excluding blacks, 468; attitude of union leaders toward blacks, 477–79; attitude of blacks toward unions, 470–75
Chicago Advocate, 476
Chicago Daily News, 342
Chicago Defender, 228, 358, 363
Chicago Federation of Labor, 340, 351, 361, 457–58, 465, 478
Chicago Flat Janitors Union, 437
Chicago Labor News, 416
Chicago Race Riot of 1919, 284, 333–65
Chicago Tribune, 308, 315, 354, 364
Chicago Urban League, 344
Chinn, F. T., 424
Cigarmakers’ Union, n 13
Civil War, 3, 31, 58, 111, 92, 341, 523
Clan of Toil, 517
Clansman, The, 37
Clark, Champ, n 67
Clary, Horace, 199
Clayton, Col. C. B., 299
Clayton, Col. E. P., 290, 306, 307
Clemens, W. T., 180
Cleveland, President Grover, 36, 214, n 12
Clifford, Caroline, 456
Clinedinst, J. B., 424
Coal mining, Alabama companies listed 157
Coal strike of 1902
Coal Wheelers’ No. 45, 138
Cobb, E. R., 150
Colbert, Jones, 167
Cole, Nathaniel, 326
Coleman, Dr. Julia P. H., 430
Coleman, Warren C. (ex-slave), 44
Comer, Governor Braxton Bragg, 174, 180, 196, n 41
Commercial Club of Nashville, 370
Committee for Improving the Industrial Condition of Negroes in New York, 53
“Committee of One Hundred,” 293
Commons, John R., n 24
Commons, John R., 102
Communist Manifesto, 132, n 38
Consumers’ League, 344
Continent, 316
Cook, Ed., 305
Cook, Lena, 304
Cook, Rena, 327
Cooper, Henry Allen, 302, 305, n 68
Cooper, Lindsey, 302
Copeland, R. E., 347
Cordill, Louisiana state senator, 148–56 passim
Cotton Employes’ Benevolent Association, 139
Cotton Exchange (New Orleans), 142
Cotton Men’s Protective Association, 141
Cotton Yardmen’s Benevolent Association, 119, 138, 141
Cotton Yardmen’s Benevolent Association No. 2, colored, 138
Couer D’Alene Strike of 1892, 520, n 133
Cousins, James E., 418
Cowan, Sid, 163
Cox, Governor James M., 372, 390, n 83
Cox, Lee, 172
Cox, Luella, 325
Crawford, Anthony, n 62
Crawford, James, 336
Crenshaw, Charles, 180
Crockard, Frank H., 157
Croxton, Fred D., 390
Cumming, Major Joseph B., 200
Currington, Alonzo, 54
Dacus, Sol, 416
Dalrymple, Dolly, 195
Davis, Sr., B. J., 119
Davis, Sr., Benjamin J., n 33
Davis, James N., 53
Davis, Miss L. D., 73
Debardeleben, Henry F., 157
Debs, Eugene V., 37, 498, n 13
“Debt peonage,” n 51
Declaration of Independence, 309
Dennis, Allen, 159
Department of Labor, 369–413 passim
Deshong, Beatrice, 330
Detroit Free Press, 442
Detroit Urban League, 384
Dewey, John, n 56
Dewey, Professor John, 213
Diaz, José Porfirio, 504, n 126
Dillard, James H., 422
Division of Negro Economics, 368
Dobbins, J. W., 183
Dock and Cotton Council of New Orleans, 116, 128–56 passim
Dodge, Major S. D., 160
Doggett, Harry, 180
Donaldson, Judge J. M., 164, 171
Donnell, J. K., 66
Dosenbach, D. A., 157
“Doughboys,” black, 341
Dow, John, 305
Dravo Contracting Company, 19
Du Bois, W. E. B., 2, 34, 46, 56, 213, 324, 325, n 10
Dudley, A. W., 494
Dutcher, Elizabeth, 108
Eager, J. J., 517
East St. Louis Riot of 1917, 284, 285–333, 416, 428
Easters, J. A., 173
Ehrich, Louis, R., 213
Elliott, Dr. John B., 213
Elliott, John, 184
Ellis, George W., 70
Emancipation Proclamation, 34, 341, n 10
English Industrial Commission, 115
Erdman Act, 208, 211, 218, n 53
Ervin, Charles W., 449
Erwin, T. C., 372
Espionage Act, 444–45, 492, n 138
Estes, G. H., 184
Ethical Culture Society, 213
Ettor, Joseph J. “Smiling Joe,” n 129
Evans, Frank V., 166, 174, 181, 185, 193
Evans, L. V., 162
Ezernack, J. H., 508
Fairley, William R., 158, 164, 174, 184–85, 188–89, 193–94, n 40
Farm and Forest Workers’ Union, 516–17, 520–21
Farrand, Professor Livingston, 213
Fauset, Jessie Redmond, 313, n 72
Favorite, 358
Fifteenth Amendment, 440
Finney, Walter, 183
Fisher, Jacob, 113
Fitts, Hubert, 419
Fitts, James W., 425
Flannigan, Alexander, 292, 293, 294, 297
Flat Janitors’ Union, 465
Fletcher, Benjamin H., 492, 532–34, n 138
Florida Times-Union, 223
Flynn, John J., 114
Ford, C., 346
Ford, George W., 385
Fort Valley, H. & I. School, 63
Fortune, Timothy Thomas, 26, n 9
Foss, George A., 302
Foster, Martin D., 302
Foster, Martin D., n 68
Foster, William Z., 457, n 114
“Four hundred club,” 495, n 122
Fourteenth Amendment, 440
Freedman, Mollie, 452
“Freedom’s Ticket,” 228
Frickstad, Taral, T., 496
Fuller, Findlay, 169
Gaines, Dave, 167
Gains, Isaac, 517
Gardner, deputy sheriff Charles, 159, 160, 163
Garry, Ben, 167
Gary, John, 54
Gary, Robert, 54
Gary, William, 54
George, E. T., 145
Georgia and Florida Railway, 111
Georgia Railroad Strike of 1909, 92, 198–225
Gerber, Julius, 449
Germans, 32
Gibbons, John T., 143
Gibbs, Charles S., 385
Gilmore, W. J., 157
Gilthorpe, William J., 117
Glove Makers’ Union, n 115
Goelz, Rev. Christopher, 293, 302
Gompers, Samuel, 92, 112, 118–24, 307, 313, 318, 418, 420, 427, 446–47, 449–50, 453, 458, 500–01, n 29
Good Citizens’ League, 492, 510
Grabow Massacre, 492, 504, 509, 515–16, 520, n 132, n 133
Granite Cutters’ International Association of America, 115
Great Migration, causes listed, 369–70; to Chicago, 333–65; letters of Negro migrants, 259–81; to Ohio cities, 389; and race riot in East St. Louis, 285–333; generally, 34–35, 284, 369–70, 416
Great Southern Lumber Company, 416, 483–89
Green, Dr. A. G., 455
Green, Samuel, 330
Green, W. A., 157
Green, Walter, 418
Greer, T. J., 489
Griffith, D. W., 526
Grimke, Archibald H., 420, 422, n 94
Gruening, Miss, 323–24, 325, 331
Guide, 358
Hagerty, Dr. F. L., 390
Haines Institute, 62
Half–Century, 358
Half a Man, by Mary White Ovington, 511
Hall, Charles E., 372, 390, 394, 395, 396, 397
Hall, Dr. George C., 347, 364, 422, 531, n 76
Hall, Rev. Frank Oliver, 213
Hampton Institute, 65
Hanby, J. D. 179
Hanna, Charles, 305
Harden, Mims, 180
Harding, Jeff, 145
Harding, W. P. G., 196
Hardwick, Thomas William, 219, n 57
Hardy, B. F., 339
Harper’s Weekly, 2
Harrison, Hubert Henry, 443, n 101
Harrison, President Benjamin, 20, n 8
Hart, attorney general of Georgia, 203, 204
Hart Farm School near Washington, D.C., 15
Hart, John F., 419
Hawes, sheriff E. W., 200
Hayden, Donald, 45
Hayden, James T., 143
Hayes, Robert, 178
Haynes, Elizabeth Ross, 455–56
Haynes, Dr. George E., 368–413 passim, 448
Haywood, William “Big Bill,” 492,, 505–08, 511, 533, n 127
Heberling, S. E., 114
Helton, Charlie, 163
Hemphill, Andrew, 179
Henry Street Settlement, 213
Henry, T. B., 418
Hersey, Robert, 331
Higdon, Sheriff of Jefferson Co. Ala., 157–89 passim
Hill, T. Arnold, 360, 530, n 135
Hitchcock, U.S. Postmaster General, Frank H., 208, n 52
Hobson, Lieutenant R. P., n 3, 8
Hollis, Ellis, 180
Hoss, W. A., 200
Hotel and Restaurant Employers’ National Alliance, 478
Hough, F. Harrison, 434
House, Hattie, 327
Houston Chronicle, 356
Howell, Jess, 172
Howell, Lou, 173
Howie, G. F., 189
Hubble, Salena, 330
Huggins, Dr. Willis N., 363
Hughes, Thomas L., 114
Hughley, John, 163
Hunter, Monroe, 180
Hunter, Dr. Thomas G., 305
Hunton, Addie W., 55
Hurd, Carlos F., 320, 321, 322
Hurley, John, 184
Illinois Central Railroad Co., 133
Independent Political Council, 512
Industrial Bulletin, 434
Industrial education, 18, 38, 41, 43–44, 61–65, 75, 79, 97
Industrial Workers of the World, 429, 437, 450, 451, 487, 492, 500–34, n 127, n 129, n 138
Institute for Colored Youth, Cheyney, Pa., 19, 25
Inter–church World Movement Report on the Steel Strike of 1919, 476
International Association of Machinists, 478
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Shipbuilders and Helpers of America, 112, 117
International Brotherhood of Firemen and Oilers, 478
International Brotherhood of Maintenance-of-Way Employees, 112, 122
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Stablemen and Helpers, 114
International Cigarmakers’ Union, 457
International Ladies Garment Workers Union, 457, 463, 465
International Moulders’ Journal, 116, 432
International Moulders’ Union, 116, 117, 432–33
International Negro League, 418
International Seaman’s Union, 457
International Timber Workers’ Union, 416
International Trade Union Educational League, n 114
Irvin, Helen B., 401
Jackson, A.F., 360
Jackson, Capt. E. H., 180
Jenkins, Harry I., 157
Johnson, A. L., 347
Johnson, Guy R., 191
Johnson, James Weldon, 439, 484, 531, n 64, n 99
Johnston, Guy R., 157
Jones, Albert, 183
Jones, Annie M., 347
Jones, Arbry, 328
Jones, Eugene Kinckle, 420, 421, 422, 447, 456, n 87
Jones, G. W., 127
Jones, Josephine, 327
Journeymen Barbers’ International Union, 113
Journeymen Tailors’ Union, 114
Kavanaugh, William F., 427
Kennedy, John, 419
Kennemar, J. B., 170
Kennemar, T. J., 163, 164, 184
Kenwood-Hyde Park Property Owners’ Improvement Association, 353
Keough, M. J., 116
Kerr, Harry, 317
King, Henry, 164
Kinglin, Mabel, 347
Klindt, J., 138
Knapp, Martin A., 211, 213, 214, 219, 222
Knights of Pythias, 495
Knoxville College, 62
Knoxville Journal and Tribune, 357
Kohnke, E. F., 139
Krebs, Charles F., 294
Ku Klux Klan, 516
Labor World, 131
Labor movement, race relations and, 93–119, 438–89; see also, American Federation of Labor, black workers, and individual unions.
Labor unions, at the 1917 AFL convention, 417–20; at the 1918 AFL convention, 420–24; at the 1919 AFL convention, 242–27
Lacy, John A., 452
Ladies Waist Makers Union, 108
Lancaster, B. S., 424
Lane, Dennis, 419
Lane, Robert J., 425
Larger, B. A., 112
Lathem, L. H., 164
Lawrence, Mass., Strike of 1912, n 129
League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, 360, 364, 370
Leake, Hunter C., 151
Le Blanc, Jules, 483, 484, 485, 488
Lee, J. F., 171
Lee, Robert E., 136
Lehman, Ed., 517
Leonard, 0. L., 425
Lewis, Allen, 328
Lewis, Matt, 425
Lewis, Rev. W. A., 189
Lewis, Thomas, 159, 193–94, 196–98, n 48
Lewy, M. M., 72
Liberia, the Republic of, 23, 518
Lincoln, Abraham, 309, 341, 524
Livesey, Francis B., 493
London, Hon. A. T., 185
Long, J. J., 436
Longshoremen’s Protective Union, 138, 141
Lonke, E. F., 145
Lothride, Elsie L., 328
Louisville Courier–Journal, 308
Louisiana State Federation of Labor, 489
Love, George, 172
Lovings, Joseph, 337
Lowden, Governor Frank O., 306, 307, 348, 365, n 69
Lowry, Col. Robert J., 496
Loyalty League, 482, 483, 485, 489
Lumberjack, 492
Lumbermen’s Journal, 488
Maben, J. C., 157
McAllister, Ward, n 122
McCabe, John R., 352
McCarthy, P. H., 427
McCormack, G. B., 157
McCracken, Dr. R. X., 291, 292
McDowell, B. F., 5
McGee, Minneola, 290, 293, 300, 301, 329
McGee, W. C., 484
McGlynn, Dan, 293
McKinley, President William, n 122
McKinnon, William E., 425
McLellan, J. T., 143
Magarian, Alphonso, 296
Maloney, Elizabeth, 457
Manning, Joseph C., 213
Marine Transport Workers Union, 492, n 138
Marque, Jr., John B., 139
Mason and Dixon Line, 36, 357, 523
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 44
Master Horseshoers Protective Association, 66
Maurer, James H., 449
Mayhorn, Jerry, 330
Mays, Robert L., 423, 457, 461, n 95
Meehan, Cornelius, 293
Memphis Commercial Appeal, 356
Merryville, La., strike at, 509–10, 517
Messenger, 416, 448, 449, 450, 451
Metal Polishers’ International Union, 478
Mexican-American War, n 126
Mickle, W. E., 178
Milholland, John E., 213
Miller, Arnold, 180
Miller, Frank M., 294
Miller, George Frazier, 443, 450, n 102
Millner, George W., 424
Mills, John, 339
Mitchell, John (UMWA), 98, 113, 495
Mitchell, John (editor), 447, 496, n 21, n 105
Mobile Register, 357
Mollman, Mayor Fred, 289, 291, 293, 297, 301, 304, 306, 311, 312, 318, 327
Moore, Dr. Aaron McDuffie, 379, 383, n 90
Moore, Fred R., 420–22, 446, 448, n 93
Moorhead, Joseph, 139
Moorland, Jesse E., n 85
Morgan, John Pierpont, n 21
Morrison, Frank, 121, 122, n 34
Morrow, J. M., 188
Morrow, William, 54
Morton, Charles, 45
Moton, Robert Russa, 316, 391, 420–22, 448, n 73
Mountain, Elsie, 391
Murphy, Daniel, C., 417
Musicians’ Protective Union, 347
Magel, U. S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor Charles, 208, n 52
Nashville Banner, 357
Nashville Tennessean, 357
National Afro-American Council, 98, n 23
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 318, 348, 353, 439, 451–53, 486, 511–12, 531–32
National Association for the Promotion of Labor Unionism Among Negroes, 448; members of advisory board listed, 449; reason for being, 449–51; n 108
National Association of Colored Women, 55, 56
National Association of Steam and Gas Engineers and Skilled Workmen of America, 53
National Board of Mediation, 205
National Brotherhood Workers of America, 416, 446, 448, n 104, n 137
National Civic Federation, n 107
National Civic Federation Review 448, 449, 450
National Conference on the American Negro (1909), 213, 221
National Industrial Union of Forest and Lumber Workers (IWW), 509, 513–14, 518
National Labor Union, 458
National Negro Business League, 98, 228, n 23
National Urban League, 452, 530, n 75
National Women’s Trade Union League of America, 455
Negro Artisan (1902), by W. E. B. Du Bois, 451
Negro Artisan, by W. E. B. Du Bois, 56–90
Negro Economics, Office of: creation of, 370–71; early results of, 376; Illinois firms employing Negroes listed, 387; program adopted in Missouri, 385–88; and problems of Negro labor, 377–78; and methods for retaining black workers, 381–82; and Negro workers committee on cooperative stores, 388–89; and living conditions of black workers in Ohio, 394–95; and Negro Advisory Committee in Ohio listed, 392; and recommendations of Industrial Commission of Ohio on job-selling, 393–94; and report of work in Ohio, 389–99; and report of work in Illinois, 384; and report of work in North Carolina, 378–81; and special problems of Negro labor, 382; and supporting organizations and individual representatives listed, 375, 389; and selection and training of staff, 376–77; staff listed, 376
Negro Fellowship League, 38, n 15
Negro Migrant in Pittsburgh, by Abraham Epstein, 259, 480
Negro Newcomers in Detroit (1918), by George E. Haynes, 368
Negro Organization Society of Virginia, 372
Negro Year Book, 463
Negroes at Work During World War I and During Reconstruction (1921), by George E. Haynes, 368
Neill, U.S. Commissioner of Labor Charles P., 203, 205, 208, 211, 213, 214, 222
Nelm, Lige, 165, 166, 180, 188
Nestor, Agnes, 457, 464, n 115
New Majority, 351
New Orleans Freight Handlers, 138, 139
New Orleans Labor Advocate, 444
New Orleans Levee Strike of 1907, 128–56
New Orleans Times-Democrat, 223
New Orleans Times-Picayune, 358
New York Age, 446
New York Call, 416
New York Evening Post, 223
New York Evening Sun, 315
New York Globe, 223
New York Sun, 223
New York Times, 354
New York World, 446
Michols, Walter, 163
Noble Order of the Knights of Labor, 104, 162, 458, n 42
Nockels, Ed., 351
Norfolk Journal and Guide, 228
Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch, 357
North Carolina A. & M. College
O’Brien, James, 293
O’Bryan, Edward, 487
Odd Fellows, 495
Oge, Major John M., 156
Ohio Federation of Labor, 396–97
“Ohio Plan,” 396
Ohio Valley and Belmont Trades Assembly, 109
Order of Railroad Telegraphers, 114
Order of Railway Conductors of America, 112
Organized labor, and riots in East St. Louis and Chicago, 284; 11, 40, 53, 58, 66, 74, 90, 93–225; see also American Federation of Labor, labor movement, and individual unions
Osby, J. B., 385
Ovington, Mary White, 482, 510–12
Owen, Chandler, 449, 512, n 108, n 110
Palmer, A. Mitchell, 484, 516, n 118
Panama Canal, 19
Panken, Jacob, 449
Papers, Henry, 347
Paris, W. D., 180
Park Manor Improvement Association, 353
Parker, R. G., 467
Passfuno, Sam, 159
Pattern Makers’ League, 114
Patterson, John D., 209
Payne, Theodore, 106
Pendleton, Leilia, 455
Peonage system, 204
Perham, H. B., 114
Perkins, George W., 457–58, n 113
Perry, Edwin, 113
Perry, John, 163
Philadelphia Negro, by W. E. B. Du Bois, 46
Pickens, William, n 64
Pine, Max, 449
Plate Printers’ Union, 102
Ponder, Amos, L., 488
Popkess, G. E., 300
Populism, 482
Porter, James E., 92, 120, 141
Porter, Jennie D., 391
Post Louis F., 373
“Promised Land,” 284
“Property Owners’ Associations,” 353
Race relations, in the labor movement, 93–119
Railway Coach Cleaners’ Union, 347
Railway Men’s International Benevolent and Industrial Association, 423, 457, 461
Rand School of Socialism, 531, n 136
Randall, Mabel, 327
Randolph, A. Philip, 450, n 108, n 111
Randolph, Virginia, 56
Reading Railroad Co., 99
“Regan’s Colts,” 352
Register of Trades of Colored People of Philadelphia, 46
Reynolds, James B., 213
Rice, Garrett, 347
Richardson, J. W., 425
Richmond Planet, 447
Robertson, John Dill, 347
Robinson, Dr. J. G., 363
Robinson, Harry, 305
Robinson, Lulu, 329
Rockefeller, John D., 54, 96, 495, 513, n 21
Roebuck, Dave, 180
Roosevelt, President Theodore, 36, 111, 307–08, 313, n 12
Ross, Mamie R., 455
Ross, W. P., 139, 140, 145, 152
Rucker, R. F., 311
Russell Sage Foundation, 344
Rust University, 64
Ryan (secretary-treasurer of UMWA), 194, 196, 198
Ryan, M. F., 427
Saddle and Sirloin Club, 344, 345
St. Louis Daily Journal, 305
St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 315, 320, 323, 324
St. Louis League, 314
St. Paul Appeal, 447
Sampson, Rear Admiral W. T., 8, n3
Sanson, Harold R., 157
Saunders, Judge E. D., 143
Savannah Morning News, 309
Scalemen’s Union, 139
Schaumleffel, Hubert, 292, 293
Schillar, Johann C. F., 502, n 124
Schley, Rear-Admiral W. S., n 3, 8
Schlossberg, Joseph, 449
Schneiderman, Rose, 449, n 109
Schofield, N. & T. School, 62
Schook, J. W., 157
Schwarz, Leon, 180
Scott, Thomas K., 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 221, 228, 440, 422, 444, 448
Screwmen’s Benevolent Association, 128–56 passim
Screwmen’s Benevolent Association, No. 1, colored, 128–56 passim
Scully, Chris, 141, 145, 148, 149
Seago, A. K., 150
Search-Light, 358
Seligman, Herbert J., “Negro in Industry,” 479–93
Seligman, Professor E. R. A., 213
Shearod, B. F., 126
Schillady, John R., 420, 421, 453
Shiplacoff, Abraham, 449
Shugart, Curtis, 189
Simkovitch, Mrs. Vladimir, 213
Simmons, Roscoe Conkling, 349
Sims, J. W., 531
Sims, R. T., n 137
Singleton, Hugh, 385
Skemp, J. C., 122
Slater Fund, 452
Slater, Jr., Rev. George W., 498–99, n 123
Slavery, 24, 30, 43, 46, 57, 445–46, 453, 497
Smith, Cuyler, 3
Smith, Frank, 329
Smith, Governor Hoke, 199–225 passim, 526, n 50
Smith, J. W., 347
Smith, John, 163
Smith, Milton, 203
Smith, Nick, 117
Smith, S. B., 173
Smotts, W. D., 189
“Social equality,” 92
Socialism, 96, 100, 130, 448–49, 493–502, 513
Sorrels, E. M., 295
Southern American, 213
Southern Lumber Operators’ Association, 492–514
Southern Railroad Co., 76
Southern Sociological Congress, 372
Speed, John Gilmer, 30
Spelman Seminary, 78
Spence, Edward, 327
Spring, H. H., 121
Springfield Riot of 1908, 184, 194, 334, n 49
Squires, George B., 124
Stacener, R. D., 182
Stanley, Governor Augustus O., 372, n 84
Starkey, Charles, 164
State Normal School of Montgomery, Alabama, 63
Stave Classers’ Association, 139
Stelzle, Rev. Charles, 316, n 74
Strikes. For strikes see table of contents
Stockyards Labor Council, 342, 345, 457
Stokes, Richard L., 323
Suggs, Lulu, 327
Sullivan, Jerry, 292
Sullivan, W. S., 486
Sutton, George M., 207
Swan, E. S., 138, 145, 146, 147, 150
Swan, George A., 347
Swartztrauber, William A., 294
Swift, Hugh, 347
Sylvester, Margaret, 216
Taft, President William H., 106–07, n 25
Taylor, Charles, 45
Taylor, George, 173
Taylor, Graham Romeyn, 310
Taylor, R. R., 44
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, 157–98 passim
Terrell, Mary Church, 430, 455, n 96
Texas State Federation of Labor, excerpts of proceedings relating to black workers, 124–28
Texas Transport and Terminal Co., 135–36
Thomas, Heywood, 340
Thomas, James, 328
Thomas, Rev. John F., 346
Thompson, Frank, 54
Thompson, Mayor William Hale, 334, 348, 349, 351
Timber Workers’ Union, the Colored, 487
Tin Plate Workers’ International Protective Association of America, 109
Titus Town Red Stockings, 435
Tobacco Workers’ International Union, 123
Tobias, Channing, H., n 88
Todd, Capt. George, 170
Tolliver, A. C., 75
Tougaloo University, 62
Towers, Alois, 303
Transportation Workers Association of Virginia, 436
Treleaven, Captain P. W., 154
“Trend of the Races” (1932), by George E. Haynes, 368
Tripp, Col. S. O., 299, 300, 305, 306, 307
Turne, Edmund, 425
Turner, Bishop Henry M., 213, n 55
Turner, Edmund, 426
Tuskegee Institute, 22–23, 25, 39, 42, 44, 65, 78, 309, 332, 391, 442, 444, 452
Tyler, Bruce, 171
Union League Directory, 70
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 53, 112, 117
United Charities, 360
United Cloth Hat and Cap Makers Union, n 109
United Fruit Company, 135
United Hebrew Trades, 448–49, n 106
United Mine Workers of America, 68, 92, 98–99, 113, 128, 156–98, 437, 460, 494–95
United States Employment Service, 369–400 passim
United Traction Company, 95
Vardaman, James K., 526, n 134
Vaughn, Willie E., 425
Vila, Delphine, 135
Virginia Federation of Labor, 480
“Voc, the Barbarian,” 519
Voice of the People, 512
Volunteers of America, 325
Wall, C. Ross, 199
Wallace, James S., 105
Wallace, Peter, 187
Walters, Bishop Alexander, 213, n 56
Washburn Seminary, 63
Washington, Booker T., 2, 26, 39, 92, 109, 150, 191, 204, 220, 225, 316, 451, 497, 512, n 6, n 123
Washington Bricklayers’ Union, 111
Washington, Forrester B., 384, 389
Watkins, Tom, 179
Watson, W. M., 425
Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 2, 39, 213, n 16
White, Ben, 188
White Constable Lee, 164
White, Miss E. E., 73
White, John P., 179, 185, 188, 192, 194, 196, 198, n 43
White, Mary Bell, 329
White Minnie, 188
Wickersham, U.S. Attorney General George W., 208, n 52
Wilder, Professor Burt G., 213
Wilhelm, Kaiser (William II), 437, n 98
Williams, Dr. A. C., 433
Williams, Eugene, 335
Williams, James, 485
Williams, John, 113
Williams, John Sharp, 489, 526, n 134
Williams, Lum E., 483, 484, 487
Williams, Rev. L. K., 346
Wilson, Frank, 157
Wilson, James, 114
Wilson, John T., 122
Wilson, President Thomas Woodrow, 363–64, 417, n 92
Wilson, Secretary of Labor William B., 368, 370, 381, 410, n 48, n 80
Wimms, N. S., 347
Woman Wage-Earners Association, 430–31
Woman’s Auxiliary of the UMWA, 185–86, 190, 192
Women’s Trade Union League, 464
Wood, Hugh L., 321
Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers’ Union, 112
Woodlund, T. P., 138
Woodman, C. W., 125
Woodward, T. J., 143
Wooley, Celia Parker, 213
Wooten, James, 45
Work, Professor Monroe N., 309, n 70
Wren, John, 167
Wright, Ed., 348
Wright, Eva H., 455
Wright, Jim, 167
Wright, Jr. Richard R., 46, 228–40, n 18
Wynne, I. G., 138
Y.W.C.A., 344
Youngstown Riot of 1917, 313
Zollcoffer, George, 163