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The Black Worker From 1900 to 1919—Volume V: Part VII: Socialism, the Industrial Workers of the World, and the Black Worker

The Black Worker From 1900 to 1919—Volume V
Part VII: Socialism, the Industrial Workers of the World, and the Black Worker
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Series Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Foreword
  6. Contents
  7. Preface
  8. Part I: Economic Conditions of Black Workers at the Turn of the 20th Century
    1. Introduction
      1. The South
        1. 1. Labor Questions in the South
        2. 2. After All – The Causes
        3. 3. Negro Labor in Factories, by Jerome Dowd
        4. 4. A Negro Woman Speaks, 1902
        5. 5. Negroes of Farmville, Va., by W. E. B. Du Bois
        6. 6. The City Negro: Industrial Status, by Kelley Miller
        7. 7. Economic Conditions in Nashville, 1904
        8. 8. White Labor Only
      2. The North
        1. 9. Training of the Negro Laborer in the North, by Hugh M. Browne
        2. 10. Menial Jobs Lost, We Go Higher
        3. 11. Black Occupations in Boston, Mass., 1905
        4. 12. The Negro in New York
        5. 13. The Industrial Condition of the Negro in New York City, by William L. Bulkley
        6. 14. The Negro's Quest for Work
      3. Black Artisans and Mechanics
        1. 15. Handicaps of Negro Mechanics, by Harry E. Thomas
        2. 16. Negro Mechanics
        3. 17. The Negro as a Skilled Workman
        4. 18. The American Negro Artisan
        5. 19. Skilled Labor in Memphis, Tenn., 1908
        6. 20. The Economic Condition of Negroes in the North; The Skilled Mechanic in the North, by R. R. Wright, Jr.
        7. 21. The Colored Woman as an Economic Factor, by Addie W. Hunton
        8. 22. The Negro Artisan, by W. E. B. Du Bois
  9. Part II: Organized Labor and the Black Worker before World War I
    1. Introduction
      1. Race Relations in the Labor Movement
        1. 1. Race Feeling Causes a Strike
        2. 2. Status of the Negro in Trades Union Movement
        3. 3. Albany, New York
        4. 4. Lessons of the Strike
        5. 5. Labor Unions and the Negro
        6. 6. Duty and Interest of Organized Labor
        7. 7. Organization and Leadership
        8. 8. The Great Strike
        9. 9. The Negro as a Blessing
        10. 10. The South: a Country Without Strikes
        11. 11. Government's Union Men
        12. 12. The 1904 Meat Packing Strike in Chicago, by John R. Commons
        13. 13. Woman's Local in the Stockyards
        14. 14. Unity
        15. 15. View of a Black Union Official
        16. 16. The Inner Meaning of Negro Disfranchisement
        17. 17. Expert Negroes to Check Unions
        18. 18. Niagra Movement Address
        19. 19. Negroes and the Ladies Waist-Makers Union
        20. 20. Disfranchising Workingmen
        21. 21. "Take Up the Black Man's Burden"
        22. 22. The Negro and the Labor Unions, by Booker T. Washington
        23. 23. Negro Press and Unionism
      2. The American Federation of Labor and the Black Worker
        1. 24. James E. Porter to Samuel Gompers, April 20, 1900
        2. 25. James Leonard to Samuel Gompers, May 18, 1900
        3. 26. James E. Porter to Samuel Gompers, May 19, 1900
        4. 27. James E. Porter to Samuel Gompers, June 15, 1900
        5. 28. James Leonard to Samuel Gompers, June 29, 1900
        6. 29. H. H. Spring to Frank Morrison, December 16, 1900
        7. 30. C. H. Blasingame to Samuel Gompers, January 1, 1901
        8. 31. John T. Wilson to Frank Morrison, November 2, 1903
        9. 32. J. C. Skemp to Frank Morrison, July 9, 1904
        10. 33. Samuel Gompers to the Brown & Williamson Company, August 18, 1904
        11. 34. Editorial
        12. 35. Excerpt from a Speech by Samuel Gompers in St. Paul, Minnesota
        13. 36. Excerpts from Convention Proceedings of the Texas State Federation of Labor
      3. New Orleans Levee Strike 1907
        1. 37. To Rise Together, by Oscar Ameringer
        2. 38. General Strike of All Levee Unions is Now On
        3. 39. Screwmen Agree on 180 Bales
        4. 40. Committee to Investigate Port Charges Not Chosen
        5. 41. Levee Labor Peace is Again Threatened
        6. 42. Port Inquiry Goes Deeper Into Levee Labor Troubles
        7. 43. Placing the Blame for Labor Troubles on the Levee
      4. 1908 Alabama Coal Strike
        1. 44. Strike Situation is Unchanged
        2. 45. A Card
        3. 46. Sheriff Higdon Against Them
        4. 47. Troops Out For Strikers
        5. 48. With 1000 Volleys Rang Mountain Around Jefferson
        6. 49. Deputies Wounded by Leaden Missiles
        7. 50. Masked Men Beat Yolande Pumper to Insensibility
        8. 51. More Disturbances in Mining District Cause Some Alarm
        9. 52. Negroes Arrested on Grave Charges
        10. 53. More Lawlessness Results in Death in Mining Fields
        11. 54. Miners Afraid to Return to Work at Short Creek
        12. 55. Arrest in Ensley for Dynamiting
        13. 56. More Negroes are Held on Suspicion
        14. 57. Miners' Union Invades Walker With the Fight
        15. 58. Dynamite Under Brighton House
        16. 59. Governor Comer Comments on Strike Situation
        17. 60. Negroes are Acquitted
        18. 61. Two Deputies in Brighton are Held for Lynching Negro
        19. 62. Striking Miners Rally Near Mines at Dora
        20. 63. New Troops Take Up Duty in the Strike District
        21. 64. Three are Dead and Eleven Wounded
        22. 65. Arrest 30 Miners for Train Murders
        23. 66. Lawless Acts Again Reported
        24. 67. Governor Confers With Col. Hubbard
        25. 68. Negro Masons Advised to Stay Out of Unions
        26. 69. Camp of the Blocton Soldiers Inspected
        27. 70. Shatter Homes and Spread Terror
        28. 71. Why Should Leaders Be Permitted to Remain?
        29. 72. Social Equality Talk Evil Feature of Strike
        30. 73. Non-Union Miner Shot from Ambush Near Pratt City
        31. 74. Arrests Made in Strike District
        32. 75. Two Speakers Put Under Arrest
        33. 76. The Social Equality Horror
        34. 77. Everybody Knows Who is to Blame For Conditions
        35. 78. Spirit of Deviltry Causes Disorder and Crime
        36. 79. Put Down All Attempts to Overturn Social Status
        37. 80. Race Question Important Issue In Miners' Strike
        38. 81. Race Question Bothering the Strike Leaders
        39. 82. "Social Equality" Side of the Miners' Strike
        40. 83. Strike Called Off; Order Goes Forth
        41. 84. Strike Called Off by Official Order
      5. Georgia Railroad Strike, 1909
        1. 85. Negroes Cause Strike
        2. 86. Union Wars on Negroes
        3. 87. Violence Continues on Georgia Railroad
        4. 88. Georgia Road Not Trying to Establish Negro Supremacy
        5. 89. Mob Negro Firemen on Georgia Railroad
        6. 90. Anti-Negro Strike Ties Up Railroad
        7. 91. Neill Offers Mediation
        8. 92. The Strike in Georgia
        9. 93. Race Prejudice Mixed With Economics
        10. 94. May Arbitrate Georgia Strike
        11. 95. Georgia Firemen's Strike
        12. 96. Georgia Strike at a Deadlock
        13. 97. To Run Mail Trains with Negro Firemen
        14. 98. Anxiety in Washington
        15. 99. Mob Attacks Train Causes New Tie-up
        16. 100. Federal Officials End Georgia Strike
        17. 101. Conference to Aid Negroes
        18. 102. Ousting of Negroes is Still Demanded
        19. 103. The Georgia Strike
        20. 105. Georgia Railroad Strike
        21. 106. Race Strike on Georgia Railroads
        22. 107. The Georgia Compromise
        23. 108. What Shall the Negro Do?
        24. 109. Negro Firemen Upheld
        25. 110. Georgia Firemen Satisfied
        26. 111. Hope For the Negro
        27. 112. Want No Negro Firemen
        28. 113. The Georgia Strike
        29. 114. Black Spectre in Georgia
        30. 115. Georgia Railroad Strike
  10. Part III: The Great Migration
    1. Introduction
      1. Exodus to the North
        1. 1. Migration of Negroes to the North, by R. R. Wright, Jr.
        2. 2. Negro Exodus From the South, by W. T. B. Williams
        3. 3. Labor
        4. 4. The Negro Moving North
        5. 5. Before Leaving the South
        6. 6. To North: Bad Treatment, Low Pay
        7. 7. Why the Negro Leaves the South
        8. 8. "Freedom's Ticket"
        9. 9. The Black Migrant: Housing and Employment
      2. Letters of Negro Migrants, 1916–1918
        1. 10. Letters Asking for Information About the North
        2. 11. Letters About Groups for the North
        3. 12. Letters About Labor Agents
        4. 13. Letters About the Great Northern Drive of 1917
        5. 14. Letters Emphasizing Race Welfare
  11. Part IV: The Migration and Northern Race Riots
    1. Introduction
      1. Race Riot in East St. Louis, 1917
        1. 1. East St. Louis Riots: Report of the Special Committee
        2. 2. The Congressional Investigation of East St. Louis, by Lindsey Cooper
        3. 3. What Some Americans Think of East St. Louis
        4. 4. The East St. Louis Pogrom, by Oscar Leonard
        5. 5. A Negro on East St. Louis
        6. 7. East St. Louis Race Riots
        7. 8. Our Tyranny Over the Negro
        8. 9. Union Labor Denies Blame for Race Riots
        9. 10. The Massacre of East St. Louis
        10. 11. The East St. Louis Riots
      2. The Chicago Race Riot, 1919
        1. 12. The Chicago Riot
        2. 13. Chicago Race Riots
        3. 14. A Report on the Chicago Riot by an Eye-Witness
        4. 15. Chicago and its Eight Reasons, by Walter White
        5. 16. Exploitation of Negroes by Packers Caused Riots
        6. 17. On the Firing-Line During the Chicago Race-Riots
        7. 18. What the South Thinks of Northern Race-Riots
        8. 19. Chicago in the Nation's Race Strife, by Graham Taylor
        9. 20. Why the Negro Appeals to Violence
        10. 21. The Lull After the Storm
  12. Part V: George E. Haynes and the Division of Negro Economics
    1. Introduction
      1. New Opportunities Raise New Questions
        1. 1. The Negro at Work During the War and During Reconstruction, by George E. Haynes
        2. 2. An Appeal to Black Folk From the Secretary of Labor
        3. 3. The Opportunity of Negro Labor, by George E. Haynes
  13. Part VI: Organized Labor and the Black Worker During World War I and Readjustment
    1. Introduction
      1. American Federation of Labor Conventions and the Black Worker
        1. 1. American Federation of Labor Convention, 1917
        2. 2. American Federation of Labor Convention, 1918
        3. 3. American Federation of Labor Convention, 1919
      2. Race Relations and the Labor Movement
        1. 4. The Negro Migration and the Labor Movement
        2. 5. Our Women Wage-Earners
        3. 6. Factory Girls Resent Abuse
        4. 7. The Trainmen's Strike
        5. 8. Organize the Negro
        6. 9. Organized Labor Not Friendly?
        7. 10. Negro Workers are Organizing
        8. 11. Big Labor Day Celebration
        9. 12. Mills Open to Colored Labor
        10. 13. Colored Men Denied Increase
        11. 14. The Negro and the War
        12. 15. Open All Labor Unions to Colored
        13. 16. The Case of the Women Strikers
        14. 17. Skeptical of Labor Unions
        15. 18. The Changing Status of Negro Labor
        16. 19. The Black Man and the Unions
        17. 20. The Labor Union
        18. 21. Is Organized Labor Patriotic?
        19. 22. Negro Workers Get Impetus to Organize in Labor Unions
        20. 23. Reasons Why White and Black Workers Should Combine in Labor Unions
        21. 24. Would Unionize Negro
        22. 25. Negro Striker is Victim Under Espionage Charge
        23. 26. Negro Workers' Advisory Committee
        24. 27. The Negro Enters the Labor Union
        25. 28. The Negro and the American Federation of Labor
        26. 29. The Negro and the Labor Union: An NAACP Report
        27. 30. Strikes
        28. 31. Memorial on Behalf of Negro Women Laborers
        29. 32. Eugene Kinckle Jones
        30. 33. Report of the Chicago Commission on Race Relations on Organized Labor and the Negro Worker
        31. 34. The Negro in Industry, by Herbert J. Seligmann
      3. Black and White Unite in Bogalusa, Louisiana
        1. 35. Loyalty League Kill 3 Union Men
        2. 36. Union Protests to Palmer
        3. 37. Views and Reviews, by James Weldon Johnson
        4. 38. Arrest Labor Riot Police
        5. 39. Report on Situation at Bogalusa, Louisiana by President of Louisiana State Federation of Labor
        6. 40. Labor and Lynching
  14. Part VII: Socialism, the Industrial Workers of the World, and the Black Worker
    1. Introduction
      1. Before the War
        1. 1. Negroes, Capitalists, Socialists
        2. 2. Debs Scores Slanderers
        3. 3. A Socialist Carpenter on the Negro
        4. 4. The Race Question a Class Question
        5. 5. The Colored Strike Breaker, by Rev. George W. Slater, Jr.
        6. 6. Delegate Barnes of Louisiana
        7. 7. Gompers and the "Race Question"
        8. 8. A Warning to "Nigger" Haters
        9. 9. Race Prejudice
        10. 10. Appeal to Negroes
        11. 11. Wants to Know
        12. 12. Negro Workers.!
        13. 13. "Big Bill" Haywood
        14. 14. Colored Workers of America Why You Should Join the I.W.W.
        15. 15. Race Equality
        16. 16. The Southern Negro and One Big Union, by Phineas Eastman
        17. 17. The Nigger Scab
        18. 18. Who Cares?, by Mary White Ovington
        19. 19. I.W.W. and the Negro, by Joseph Ettor
        20. 20. Radical Movement Among New York Negroes
      2. Covington Hall
        1. 21. Revolt of the Southern Timber Workers
        2. 22. Negroes Against Whites
        3. 23. Labor Struggles in the Deep South
        4. 24. Another Constitutional Convention
        5. 25. Views of Voc on Dixieland
        6. 26. Manifesto and By-Laws of the Farm and Forest Workers Union, District of Louisiana
        7. 27. The Democratic Party
        8. 28. As to "The Race Question"
        9. 29. "White Supremacy"
      3. Post-War and Readjustment
        1. 30. Negro Workers: The A.F. of L. or I.W.W.
        2. 31. Why Negroes Should Join the I.W.W.
        3. 32. The March of Industrial Unionism
        4. 33. Justice for the Negro
        5. 34. There Is No Race Problem
        6. 35. I.W.W. Workers Busy in Chicago
        7. 36. Strike Mightier Than Bullets
        8. 37. Ben Fletcher
        9. 38. Warrant for the Arrest of Ben Fletcher
  15. Notes and Index
  16. Notes
  17. Index

PART VII

SOCIALISM, THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD, AND THE BLACK WORKER

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