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Comprehending Columbine: Index

Comprehending Columbine

Index

INDEX

adolescent subcultures, 16, 63, 73, 125, 181, 190, 197–198, 234; cheerleaders (cheers), 63, 65–67, 71, 73, 82, 88, 114–115, 157, 161; geeks, 64, 89; goths, 9, 14–15, 35, 46, 55, 59, 64–66, 75, 77–78, 107–108, 134, 141, 145, 156–157, 170, 177, 183, 190–192, 194, 197, 227; jocks, 56, 63–68, 71, 73–74, 76–77, 79–81, 83–84, 86–89, 91, 93–94, 97, 101–103, 107–109, 111–120, 151, 156–162, 174, 181, 183, 187–190, 196–197, 200–201, 206, 216, 226; nerds, 63–64, 72, 74, 78, 82, 97, 144, 147, 149, 229; outcasts, 35, 45, 63–64, 68, 71, 76–81, 83–84, 86, 91, 97, 103, 108, 113–115, 130, 137, 143, 145, 151, 153, 156, 181, 185, 187–188, 190, 192, 194–197, 215, 217, 222, 243; skaters, 74–75, 94, 227; skinheads, 156–161, 168, 183–184, 227; “soches,” 34, 181; stoners, 35, 64–65, 73–75, 119, 227

African-Americans. See ethnicity

alcohol use, 111, 119, 178, 188–189, 239; by Cassie Bernal, 46

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 9

Anderson, Brian, 4–5, 50

Anderson, Robyn, 145, 147

anti-semitism: in Columbine, 13, 67, 106, 140, 157; and Eric Harris, 158; right wing, 167–169

Arapaho County, 18–19, 185

Assembly of God. See churches athletes, 4–5, 13, 33–34, 61, 62–63, 67–68, 78, 85, 87, 91–92, 96, 101, 104–105, 107, 115–116, 119, 139, 153, 167, 175, 186, 188, 192, 197, 200–201, 205–207 211–212, 216, 219. See also adolescent subcultures

Baptists. See churches

basement videotapes, 39–40, 48, 54, 105, 119, 124, 129, 137, 140, 144, 146, 159, 168–169, 173–174, 188, 194, 199

Battan, Kate, 47, 62, 138, 149, 175, 232

Bergenfield High School. See schools

Bernall, Cassie, 229; in the library, 6, 199; as a martyr, 39–40, 105; the myth of her death, 13, 43–49, 54, 204; and Satanism, 80; websites, 194

Bishop Newman High School. See schools

bombs, 10, 28, 136, 161–162, 171, 175, 193–194, 200, 208; CO2, 2, 7–8, 156; diversionary, 131; ice, 151; and militias, 167; in music lyrics, 124; pipe, 2–4, 8, 127, 129, 172; propane 1, 8, 62, 63, 172

Bowling for Columbine, 25

Brian High School. See schools

Brown, Brooks, 11, 55–58, 77–78, 84, 87, 89, 91–92, 97, 104–106, 112, 124–127, 131, 135–136, 139–140, 150, 154, 170, 195, 201, 214, 232–235

Brown, Judy, 48, 126, 150, 233, 235

Brown, Randy, 87, 126, 235

Bruderhof. See churches

Bullying, 162, 177, 232, 234, 239; as a causal factor in shootings, 9–10, 14, 53, 195; at Columbine, 15, 33, 37, 68, 81, 84–93, 112, 117, 210–212; harassment, 13–15, 33, 37, 53, 56, 60–61, 62–63, 68, 74, 81–83, 85–86, 88–89, 91–98, 101–103, 106, 108, 111–113, 120, 125, 129–130, 144, 168, 174, 183, 192, 197, 201, 204, 212, 215–216, 219, 221, 222, 227–228, 233; ignorance of, 199–201; incidences of, 9; intimidation, 10, 15, 54, 60, 68, 73–74, 82–83, 85, 92–96, 98, 104, 106, 111, 120, 167, 188, 197, 207, 217, 222, 227–228; reduction of, 217–222; role of adults, 98–104, 115; as a social problem, 191–192; teasing, 10, 100, 103, 191; visibility of, 93–98

Calvary Chapel. See churches

Calvary Presbyterian Church. See churches

Carneal, Michael, 87

Castaldo, Richard, 3, 48, 83, 199

celebrity, 45, 64, 192, 239; culture of, 16, 177–181, 206; and Klebold and Harris, 147; 175, 193–195

Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, 116, 232–235

Chatfield High School. See schools

cheerleaders (cheers). See adolescent subcultures

Christian Coalition, 26, 40

Church of Jesus Christ Christian. See churches

Church of the Nazarene. See churches

churches, 117, 203; and Klebolds, 138; and students, 66; Assembly of God, 20; Baptists, 180; Bruderhof, 46; Calvary Chapel, 20; Calvary Presbyterian Church, 44; and choirs, 65; Christian, 19; Church of Jesus Christ Christian, 167; Church of the Nazarene, 20; and community cohesion, 37; controversy of the crosses, 50–52; defining the shootings, 53–54; Disciples of Christ, 20; and Evangelical community, 40, 166; Foothills Bible Church, 202; Gospel, 20; megachurches, 180; Mormons, 26, 180; Pentecostal, 20; Quakers (Society of Friends), 219; Southern Gables Evangelical Free Church, 12, 42, 202; in Southern Jefferson County, 26; St. Philip Lutheran Church, 43; Trinity Christian Center, 202; West Bowles Community Church, 17, 20, 46, 49, 204, 234; youth groups, 58–60, 126, 153, 219–220

Clement Park, 3–4, 20, 26, 52

Clinton, President Bill, 8, 12, 42, 191, 201

cliques, 34, 57, 64, 67, 74, 77–78, 84, 93–95, 200

coaches, 29, 36, 40, 98–101, 103–106, 111, 114–118, 124–125, 189, 192, 197, 205–206, 208–210, 216, 219, 221, 234

Cohen, Jonathan and Stephen, 12

Columbine effect, the, 10, 212

Columbine High School, 42, 45–46, 50, 53, 55, 61, 159, 174, 195, 198, 203, 214–218, 221–222, 230; assault on, 1–13, 155, 172, 193; bullying in, 82–121, 201–202, 211–212 (see also bullying); cafeteria, 1–2, 5, 172; description of, 26–38; football, 12, 205, 208–210 (see also football); and Harris and Klebold, 123–127, 129–130, 135, 137, 140–141, 145, 147–149, 151; and hypermasculinity, 209; library, 5–8; moral elitism in, 196 (see also Evangelical Christians); peer structure of, 62–81, 185, 188

Columbine memorial service, 8, 12–13, 33, 45, 53–54, 58, 60, 67, 105, 115, 204; takeover by the Evangelicals, 41–44

conflict mediation, 102, 213, 219-227, 231, 235

conflict resolution. See conflict mediation

Dakota Ridge High School. See schools

DeAngelis, Frank: as articulator of community spirit, 38, 210; and bullying, 93, 95, 98, 103, 106, 201, 210–218, 220; and conflict mediation, 222; description of Columbine, 26–29, 32, 199; and Harris and Klebold, 53, 129, 150–151; as principal of Columbine, 36, 42, 109, 115–118, 205–206; as a study participant, 232, 234–235

deAnza College. See schools

DePooter, Cory, 8

Disciples of Christ. See churches

Doom. See videogames

Doyle, Jennifer, 8

drugs: Luvox and Eric Harris, 119, 126, 134, 170; psychedelic, 164; use of at Columbine, 118–119; Zoloft and Eric Harris, 119. See also alcohol use, marijuana, and steroids

educational attainment, 23–24

employers. See Southern Jefferson County

ethnicity: African-Americans, 21; Asians, 20; Chinese, 21; Latinos, 20; native born, 21, 22; Whites, 20

Eubanks, Austin, 8 Evangelical Christians, 73; clergy, 42, 58; community, 41, 44, 46, 53, 176; and Harris and Klebold, 15, 39–40, 170, 174; and intolerance, 104–106; and liberal Protestants, 13, 53; moral elitism, 58–61; and right-wing politics, 166, 179–180; and Rocky Mountain News, 49; and the shootings, 41, 196–205, 218, 231; students, 17, 35, 55, 59–60, 65, 77, 80, 196, 239. See also religion evil, 12, 35, 41, 51–52, 54, 80, 117–118, 128, 134, 142, 152, 170, 218, 231, 233; versus good at Columbine, 198–205

Fleming, Kelly, 7, 229

Focus on the Family, 26, 40

football 50, 71–72, 74, 100, 103, 124, 229, 234; and bullying, 68, 85–89, 91, 93, 95, 104, 106–113, 123, 149, 177, 187–192, 196, 201, 219; Columbine Rebel team, 12, 30, 36–38, 117, 119–120; and community solidarity, 63–66, 198; and conflict mediation, 227; and high school environments, 205–217; and religion, 40; and sexism, 74, 100; and status, 101, 113–116, 126, 187

Foothills Bible Church. See churches

Gardner, Neil, 4

geeks. See adolescent subcultures

Glen Ridge High School. See schools

God, 7, 12, 17, 34, 42–43, 45, 48, 54–57, 60, 62, 100, 130, 133, 134, 136, 141, 159, 161, 180, 194, 199–201, 203–204

Gore, Vice President Al, 8, 42

Gospel. See churches.

goth subculture. See adolescent subcultures

goths. See adolescent subcultures

Graham, Franklin, 42, 44

Granite Hills High School. See schools

Graves, Sean, 3, 9

Hall, Makai, 6–7

harassment. See bullying

Harris family, 13

Harris, Eric: assault, 1–8, 10, 12, 14, 46–47, 50; basement videotapes, 39, 55–56; and Brooks Brown, 11; with Dylan Klebold, 123–137, 144–148, 160–162; and evangelicals, 40, 46, 48–51, 53–54, 59–61; motivation, 11, 15, 58; and Nazism, 10; and peers, 62; public attitude toward, 9, 50; racism, 21, 44; sexual orientation, 146–147; suicide, 8; Trenchcoat Mafia website, 3, 67, 88, 119, 134, 140, 194; weapons, 13, 28; and violence, 13

Heritage High School (Littleton, Colorado). See schools

Heritage High School (Conyers Georgia). See schools

hit lists, 11

Hochhalter, Anne Marie, 3, 4

Hollins Woods Middle School, 9

homophobia, 14, 120, 129, 141, 144–147, 149, 167–168, 211, 215; name calling, 68, 72, 81, 86–88, 100, 103, 107, 111, 120, 171, 207, 212

homosexuality, 40, 167, 177; and Dylan Klebold, 146–149

housing in Columbine, 19–20

income in Columbine, 22, 23

injustice, 83, 106–113, 145

International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution, 224

intimidation. See bullying

Ireland, Patrick, 6, 7

Jefferson County Sheriff's Department, 106, 111, 173, 212, 232; and Brown family, 223; and Harris and Klebold vandalism charge, 126–127, 171; investigation, 47, 54, 139, 149, 175; lawsuits against, 23, 52; report, 24; response to shootings, 4–6

Jesus Christ, 42–43, 45–46, 53–56, 58–60, 132, 167, 203, 229

Jews: conspiracies of, 14, 158; and Dylan Klebold, 56, 138, 140–141, 144, 149, 169; harassment of, 106, 120; in Columbine, 42–43, 58, 66, 106. See also anti-Semitism

jocks. See adolescent subcultures

Johnson, Michael, 3

Johnson, Mitchell, 155

Jonesboro, Arkansas, 84, 96, 155, 191

justice: and American Students Funding Program, 215; and Charles Manson, 143; and Dylan Klebold, 144; and Eric Harris, 136–137; lack of, 101, 104, 106–113 144–145, 147, 184, 192, 218

Kechter, Matthew, 6, 229

Kintgen, Mark, 7

Kirklin, Lance, 3

Klebold, Dylan, 80–81, 122, 137, 210, 217–219, 232–233; assault, 1–10, 12, 14, 45–47, 82, 155–156; basement videotapes, 39, 55–56, 105, 119–121, 159; and celebrity, 193–195; early life, 138–140; with Eric Harris, 123–137, 144–148, 160–162; and Evangelicals, 40, 46, 48–51, 53–54, 59–61, 198–205, 231; funeral, 43; harassment of, 85, 87–90, 92, 93, 97, 111–112, 205; identity problems, 140–144; motivation, 11, 15, 62–63, 101, 167–176, 196, 232; and peers, 62; and principal DeAngelis, 118, 214; outcast status, 103, 222; psychological status, 148–154, 228; racism, 44, 67; sexual orientation, 146–147; suicide, 8; weapons, 13, 28

Kreutz, Lisa, 7

Latinos. See ethnicity

lawsuits, 13, 106

Leawood Elementary School. See schools

Leawood Park, 5

liberal Protestants. See religion

Light Force TV, 51–52

Littleton, Colorado, 11–12, 17–18, 20, 37, 52, 76, 133, 157, 203

Loukaitis, Barry, 87

Manson, Charles, 143–144, 164

Manson, Marilyn, 9, 156

marijuana, 46, 73–75, 118–119, 165; “dope,” 105, 164; “weed,” 65

Marxhausen, Don, 43, 54, 105, 138, 203–204, 234

Mauzer, Daniel, 7, 229

media, 97; and Brian Rohrbough, 51, 59; and bullying, 93, 98, 103, 107; and celebrity, 181, 192; coverage, 2, 11–12, 15, 47, 68, 194, 200–201, 231–233; and Klebold and Harris, 123, 152, 168–169, 175; impressions of Columbine, 25; National Public Radio, 9; network news, 8; and postmodern culture, 180, 197, 238–239; and Principal DeAngelis, 117–118, 213; and rampage shootings, 214; television violence, 9, 14, 16; use of by Evangelicals, 45, 46, 52, 61, 204

Mormons (Church of Latter-Day Saints). See churches

Murry Bergtraum High School. See schools

National Public Radio. See media

native born. See ethnicity

natural born killers, 143, 148

natural selection: on Harris's t-shirt, 1, 174; as a belief system, 133, 150, 156–157

Nelson, Jerry, 12–13, 42, 74

Nelson, Patti, 4–5

nerds. See adolescent subcultures

Oklahoma City bombing, 13, 63, 166, 168–169, 194, 196

outcasts. See adolescent subcultures

paramilitary: attack, 156, 162, 167; culture, 14, 16, 167, 169, 171–176, 196; Klebold and Harris as a cell, 160, 168; video games, 170

Park, Jeanna, 7

Pasquale, Bree, 6

Pentecostal. See churches

Perez, Diwata, 7

Permian High School. See schools

Porter, Bruce: and memorial service 41; Torchgrab Youth Ministry, 45, 49, 202–203

postmodern culture, 33, 239; celebrity in, 16, 177–181, 206; and football, 209; and media, 238; origins of, 176

Predators, the, 68–69, 77, 85–87, 91–92, 95, 103–105, 111, 113, 120, 134, 218

Promise Keepers, 40, 167

Quakers (Society of Friends). See churches

rampage shootings, 10, 41, 87, 96, 155, 191, 195, 197, 201, 212, 214–215, 218, 227–228, 234

religion: beliefs, 48, 197; in Columbine High School, 32, 39, 55–61, 63, 65–66, 77, 199; and Dylan Klebold, 138, 140, 142; and Harris and Klebold, 12, 40; intolerance, 14–15, 104–106, 219; and the media, 180; Protestantism, 201; religious right, 176; sectarian tensions, 13; secular religion, 209; in Southern Jefferson County, 12, 17, 19, 38–41, 50–61, 178, 202–204, 219–220, 234. See also churches and Evangelical Christians

revolution, 9, 143–144, 193, 195, 230; cultural revolution of the 1960s, 176, 178, 237–238; and Torchgrab Youth Ministry, 45, 203

rock-and-roll music, 9, 14–16, 34, 75, 165; and critique of everyday life, 197; German industrial, 124; heavy metal, 124; goth, 156, 197; punk 182, 190

Rocky Mountain News, 14, 28, 37, 45, 48–49, 126, 204, 232

Rocori High School. See schools

Rohrbough, Brian, 51–52

Rohrbough, Daniel, 3, 51, 229

Sanders, Dave, 5, 13, 62, 116, 229

Satan and Satanism, 15, 46, 77, 80, 134, 143, 145, 200–202, 218, 231. See also evil

Savage, John, 7, 87

Schnurr, Valeen, 7, 45, 47–48, 199

schools: Bergenfield High School, 187; Bishop Newman High School, 10; Brian High School, 185; Chatfield High School, 18, 33, 36, 93–94, 110; Dakota Ridge High School, 18, 33; deAnza College, 10; Englewood High School, 123; Glen Ridge High School, 187–190, 192, 206–207; Granite Hills High School, 10; Heritage High School (Conyers Georgia), 9; Heritage High School (Cherry Creek, Colorado), 33; Leawood Elementary School, 11, 71; Murry Bergtraum High School, 224–225; Permian High School, 38, 206–209; Rocori High School, 10; W. R. Myers High School, 9

Scott, Craig, 47

Scott, Rachel, 3, 39-41, 44–45, 47–49, 83, 105, 194, 199, 202–203, 229

sex, 59, 64, 68, 73, 77, 100–102, 105, 120, 136, 146, 158, 164, 174, 176–179, 182, 183, 188–189, 202, 228, 237–239; and football, 207–208; in advertising, 206

sexism, 74, 111, 120, 173, 208, 228; of the new left, 164

sexual competition, 174, 184

sexual orientation, 86, 92, 96, 146–147; and the women's liberation movement, 164; of Dylan Klebold (see Klebold, Dylan); of Eric Harris (see Harris, Eric). See also homosexuality

Sholes, Isaiah, 6–7, 13, 44, 67, 83, 140, 159, 169, 200, 229

Skaters. See adolescent subcultures

skinheads. See adolescent subcultures

soches. See adolescent subcultures

Southern Gables Evangelical Free Church. See churches

Southern Jefferson County, 12, 17–20, 28, 37–38, 53–54, 67, 120, 123, 138, 144–145, 149, 177, 209, 218–219, 232–233; education in, 114, 152–153; employers in, 25; religion in, 15, 140, 202

sportsmanship award, 12, 29

St. Philip Lutheran Church. See churches

Stair, Joe, 78–79, 87

Steepleton, Daniel, 6, 7

steroids: alleged use of, 119; identification with athletes, 87, 107. See also drugs

Stone, Sheriff John, 13–14

stoners. See adolescent subcultures

SWAT Teams, 13

Taylor, Mark, 3

Todd, Evan, 6, 47

Townsend, Lauren, 7, 229

Trenchcoat Mafia website. See Harris, Eric

Trenchcoat Mafia, 3, 59, 64, 75, 78–80, 91–92, 97, 107–110, 141, 145, 151, 162, 172, 188, 233

Trinity Christian Center. See churches

upper-middle-class, 20, 24, 28, 33, 64, 120, 140, 165, 179, 183–184, 188–189, 191

values: capitalist, 178; community, 189; civic, 120; democratic, 223; goth, 156; lack of, 9, 14–15; of the school, 152; personal, 139; religious, 59, 77; transcendent, 238

Velasquez, Kyle, 6, 44, 229

video games, 9, 14–16, 55, 143, 146, 148, 153, 161, 169–171, 173–174

W. R. Myers High School. See schools

West Bowles Community Church. See churches

whites. See ethnicity

Wiese, Jeffrey, 10, 194

Williams, Charles “Andy,” 9–10, 87

witchcraft, 80, 103; Wicca, 80, 145

women: professional, 24

“wrath,” 1, 174

Wynant, Emily, 47, 211

Zanis, Greg, 50–52

zero tolerance, 9, 211

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