INDEX
adolescent subcultures, 16, 63, 73, 125, 181, 190, 197–198, 234; cheerleaders (cheers), 63, 65–67, 71, 73, 82, 88, 114–115, 157, 161; geeks, 64, 89; goths, 9, 14–15, 35, 46, 55, 59, 64–66, 75, 77–78, 107–108, 134, 141, 145, 156–157, 170, 177, 183, 190–192, 194, 197, 227; jocks, 56, 63–68, 71, 73–74, 76–77, 79–81, 83–84, 86–89, 91, 93–94, 97, 101–103, 107–109, 111–120, 151, 156–162, 174, 181, 183, 187–190, 196–197, 200–201, 206, 216, 226; nerds, 63–64, 72, 74, 78, 82, 97, 144, 147, 149, 229; outcasts, 35, 45, 63–64, 68, 71, 76–81, 83–84, 86, 91, 97, 103, 108, 113–115, 130, 137, 143, 145, 151, 153, 156, 181, 185, 187–188, 190, 192, 194–197, 215, 217, 222, 243; skaters, 74–75, 94, 227; skinheads, 156–161, 168, 183–184, 227; “soches,” 34, 181; stoners, 35, 64–65, 73–75, 119, 227
African-Americans. See ethnicity
alcohol use, 111, 119, 178, 188–189, 239; by Cassie Bernal, 46
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 9
anti-semitism: in Columbine, 13, 67, 106, 140, 157; and Eric Harris, 158; right wing, 167–169
Assembly of God. See churches athletes, 4–5, 13, 33–34, 61, 62–63, 67–68, 78, 85, 87, 91–92, 96, 101, 104–105, 107, 115–116, 119, 139, 153, 167, 175, 186, 188, 192, 197, 200–201, 205–207 211–212, 216, 219. See also adolescent subcultures
Baptists. See churches
basement videotapes, 39–40, 48, 54, 105, 119, 124, 129, 137, 140, 144, 146, 159, 168–169, 173–174, 188, 194, 199
Battan, Kate, 47, 62, 138, 149, 175, 232
Bergenfield High School. See schools
Bernall, Cassie, 229; in the library, 6, 199; as a martyr, 39–40, 105; the myth of her death, 13, 43–49, 54, 204; and Satanism, 80; websites, 194
Bishop Newman High School. See schools
bombs, 10, 28, 136, 161–162, 171, 175, 193–194, 200, 208; CO2, 2, 7–8, 156; diversionary, 131; ice, 151; and militias, 167; in music lyrics, 124; pipe, 2–4, 8, 127, 129, 172; propane 1, 8, 62, 63, 172
Bowling for Columbine, 25
Brian High School. See schools
Brown, Brooks, 11, 55–58, 77–78, 84, 87, 89, 91–92, 97, 104–106, 112, 124–127, 131, 135–136, 139–140, 150, 154, 170, 195, 201, 214, 232–235
Brown, Judy, 48, 126, 150, 233, 235
Bruderhof. See churches
Bullying, 162, 177, 232, 234, 239; as a causal factor in shootings, 9–10, 14, 53, 195; at Columbine, 15, 33, 37, 68, 81, 84–93, 112, 117, 210–212; harassment, 13–15, 33, 37, 53, 56, 60–61, 62–63, 68, 74, 81–83, 85–86, 88–89, 91–98, 101–103, 106, 108, 111–113, 120, 125, 129–130, 144, 168, 174, 183, 192, 197, 201, 204, 212, 215–216, 219, 221, 222, 227–228, 233; ignorance of, 199–201; incidences of, 9; intimidation, 10, 15, 54, 60, 68, 73–74, 82–83, 85, 92–96, 98, 104, 106, 111, 120, 167, 188, 197, 207, 217, 222, 227–228; reduction of, 217–222; role of adults, 98–104, 115; as a social problem, 191–192; teasing, 10, 100, 103, 191; visibility of, 93–98
Calvary Chapel. See churches
Calvary Presbyterian Church. See churches
Carneal, Michael, 87
Castaldo, Richard, 3, 48, 83, 199
celebrity, 45, 64, 192, 239; culture of, 16, 177–181, 206; and Klebold and Harris, 147; 175, 193–195
Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, 116, 232–235
Chatfield High School. See schools
cheerleaders (cheers). See adolescent subcultures
Church of Jesus Christ Christian. See churches
Church of the Nazarene. See churches
churches, 117, 203; and Klebolds, 138; and students, 66; Assembly of God, 20; Baptists, 180; Bruderhof, 46; Calvary Chapel, 20; Calvary Presbyterian Church, 44; and choirs, 65; Christian, 19; Church of Jesus Christ Christian, 167; Church of the Nazarene, 20; and community cohesion, 37; controversy of the crosses, 50–52; defining the shootings, 53–54; Disciples of Christ, 20; and Evangelical community, 40, 166; Foothills Bible Church, 202; Gospel, 20; megachurches, 180; Mormons, 26, 180; Pentecostal, 20; Quakers (Society of Friends), 219; Southern Gables Evangelical Free Church, 12, 42, 202; in Southern Jefferson County, 26; St. Philip Lutheran Church, 43; Trinity Christian Center, 202; West Bowles Community Church, 17, 20, 46, 49, 204, 234; youth groups, 58–60, 126, 153, 219–220
Clinton, President Bill, 8, 12, 42, 191, 201
cliques, 34, 57, 64, 67, 74, 77–78, 84, 93–95, 200
coaches, 29, 36, 40, 98–101, 103–106, 111, 114–118, 124–125, 189, 192, 197, 205–206, 208–210, 216, 219, 221, 234
Cohen, Jonathan and Stephen, 12
Columbine effect, the, 10, 212
Columbine High School, 42, 45–46, 50, 53, 55, 61, 159, 174, 195, 198, 203, 214–218, 221–222, 230; assault on, 1–13, 155, 172, 193; bullying in, 82–121, 201–202, 211–212 (see also bullying); cafeteria, 1–2, 5, 172; description of, 26–38; football, 12, 205, 208–210 (see also football); and Harris and Klebold, 123–127, 129–130, 135, 137, 140–141, 145, 147–149, 151; and hypermasculinity, 209; library, 5–8; moral elitism in, 196 (see also Evangelical Christians); peer structure of, 62–81, 185, 188
Columbine memorial service, 8, 12–13, 33, 45, 53–54, 58, 60, 67, 105, 115, 204; takeover by the Evangelicals, 41–44
conflict mediation, 102, 213, 219-227, 231, 235
conflict resolution. See conflict mediation
Dakota Ridge High School. See schools
DeAngelis, Frank: as articulator of community spirit, 38, 210; and bullying, 93, 95, 98, 103, 106, 201, 210–218, 220; and conflict mediation, 222; description of Columbine, 26–29, 32, 199; and Harris and Klebold, 53, 129, 150–151; as principal of Columbine, 36, 42, 109, 115–118, 205–206; as a study participant, 232, 234–235
deAnza College. See schools
DePooter, Cory, 8
Disciples of Christ. See churches
Doom. See videogames
Doyle, Jennifer, 8
drugs: Luvox and Eric Harris, 119, 126, 134, 170; psychedelic, 164; use of at Columbine, 118–119; Zoloft and Eric Harris, 119. See also alcohol use, marijuana, and steroids
employers. See Southern Jefferson County
ethnicity: African-Americans, 21; Asians, 20; Chinese, 21; Latinos, 20; native born, 21, 22; Whites, 20
Eubanks, Austin, 8 Evangelical Christians, 73; clergy, 42, 58; community, 41, 44, 46, 53, 176; and Harris and Klebold, 15, 39–40, 170, 174; and intolerance, 104–106; and liberal Protestants, 13, 53; moral elitism, 58–61; and right-wing politics, 166, 179–180; and Rocky Mountain News, 49; and the shootings, 41, 196–205, 218, 231; students, 17, 35, 55, 59–60, 65, 77, 80, 196, 239. See also religion evil, 12, 35, 41, 51–52, 54, 80, 117–118, 128, 134, 142, 152, 170, 218, 231, 233; versus good at Columbine, 198–205
football 50, 71–72, 74, 100, 103, 124, 229, 234; and bullying, 68, 85–89, 91, 93, 95, 104, 106–113, 123, 149, 177, 187–192, 196, 201, 219; Columbine Rebel team, 12, 30, 36–38, 117, 119–120; and community solidarity, 63–66, 198; and conflict mediation, 227; and high school environments, 205–217; and religion, 40; and sexism, 74, 100; and status, 101, 113–116, 126, 187
Foothills Bible Church. See churches
Gardner, Neil, 4
geeks. See adolescent subcultures
Glen Ridge High School. See schools
God, 7, 12, 17, 34, 42–43, 45, 48, 54–57, 60, 62, 100, 130, 133, 134, 136, 141, 159, 161, 180, 194, 199–201, 203–204
Gore, Vice President Al, 8, 42
Gospel. See churches.
goth subculture. See adolescent subcultures
goths. See adolescent subcultures
Granite Hills High School. See schools
harassment. See bullying
Harris family, 13
Harris, Eric: assault, 1–8, 10, 12, 14, 46–47, 50; basement videotapes, 39, 55–56; and Brooks Brown, 11; with Dylan Klebold, 123–137, 144–148, 160–162; and evangelicals, 40, 46, 48–51, 53–54, 59–61; motivation, 11, 15, 58; and Nazism, 10; and peers, 62; public attitude toward, 9, 50; racism, 21, 44; sexual orientation, 146–147; suicide, 8; Trenchcoat Mafia website, 3, 67, 88, 119, 134, 140, 194; weapons, 13, 28; and violence, 13
Heritage High School (Littleton, Colorado). See schools
Heritage High School (Conyers Georgia). See schools
hit lists, 11
Hollins Woods Middle School, 9
homophobia, 14, 120, 129, 141, 144–147, 149, 167–168, 211, 215; name calling, 68, 72, 81, 86–88, 100, 103, 107, 111, 120, 171, 207, 212
homosexuality, 40, 167, 177; and Dylan Klebold, 146–149
International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution, 224
intimidation. See bullying
Jefferson County Sheriff's Department, 106, 111, 173, 212, 232; and Brown family, 223; and Harris and Klebold vandalism charge, 126–127, 171; investigation, 47, 54, 139, 149, 175; lawsuits against, 23, 52; report, 24; response to shootings, 4–6
Jesus Christ, 42–43, 45–46, 53–56, 58–60, 132, 167, 203, 229
Jews: conspiracies of, 14, 158; and Dylan Klebold, 56, 138, 140–141, 144, 149, 169; harassment of, 106, 120; in Columbine, 42–43, 58, 66, 106. See also anti-Semitism
jocks. See adolescent subcultures
Johnson, Michael, 3
Johnson, Mitchell, 155
Jonesboro, Arkansas, 84, 96, 155, 191
justice: and American Students Funding Program, 215; and Charles Manson, 143; and Dylan Klebold, 144; and Eric Harris, 136–137; lack of, 101, 104, 106–113 144–145, 147, 184, 192, 218
Kintgen, Mark, 7
Kirklin, Lance, 3
Klebold, Dylan, 80–81, 122, 137, 210, 217–219, 232–233; assault, 1–10, 12, 14, 45–47, 82, 155–156; basement videotapes, 39, 55–56, 105, 119–121, 159; and celebrity, 193–195; early life, 138–140; with Eric Harris, 123–137, 144–148, 160–162; and Evangelicals, 40, 46, 48–51, 53–54, 59–61, 198–205, 231; funeral, 43; harassment of, 85, 87–90, 92, 93, 97, 111–112, 205; identity problems, 140–144; motivation, 11, 15, 62–63, 101, 167–176, 196, 232; and peers, 62; and principal DeAngelis, 118, 214; outcast status, 103, 222; psychological status, 148–154, 228; racism, 44, 67; sexual orientation, 146–147; suicide, 8; weapons, 13, 28
Kreutz, Lisa, 7
Latinos. See ethnicity
Leawood Elementary School. See schools
Leawood Park, 5
liberal Protestants. See religion
Littleton, Colorado, 11–12, 17–18, 20, 37, 52, 76, 133, 157, 203
Loukaitis, Barry, 87
marijuana, 46, 73–75, 118–119, 165; “dope,” 105, 164; “weed,” 65
Marxhausen, Don, 43, 54, 105, 138, 203–204, 234
media, 97; and Brian Rohrbough, 51, 59; and bullying, 93, 98, 103, 107; and celebrity, 181, 192; coverage, 2, 11–12, 15, 47, 68, 194, 200–201, 231–233; and Klebold and Harris, 123, 152, 168–169, 175; impressions of Columbine, 25; National Public Radio, 9; network news, 8; and postmodern culture, 180, 197, 238–239; and Principal DeAngelis, 117–118, 213; and rampage shootings, 214; television violence, 9, 14, 16; use of by Evangelicals, 45, 46, 52, 61, 204
Mormons (Church of Latter-Day Saints). See churches
Murry Bergtraum High School. See schools
National Public Radio. See media
native born. See ethnicity
natural born killers, 143, 148
natural selection: on Harris's t-shirt, 1, 174; as a belief system, 133, 150, 156–157
nerds. See adolescent subcultures
Oklahoma City bombing, 13, 63, 166, 168–169, 194, 196
outcasts. See adolescent subcultures
paramilitary: attack, 156, 162, 167; culture, 14, 16, 167, 169, 171–176, 196; Klebold and Harris as a cell, 160, 168; video games, 170
Park, Jeanna, 7
Pasquale, Bree, 6
Pentecostal. See churches
Perez, Diwata, 7
Permian High School. See schools
Porter, Bruce: and memorial service 41; Torchgrab Youth Ministry, 45, 49, 202–203
postmodern culture, 33, 239; celebrity in, 16, 177–181, 206; and football, 209; and media, 238; origins of, 176
Predators, the, 68–69, 77, 85–87, 91–92, 95, 103–105, 111, 113, 120, 134, 218
Quakers (Society of Friends). See churches
rampage shootings, 10, 41, 87, 96, 155, 191, 195, 197, 201, 212, 214–215, 218, 227–228, 234
religion: beliefs, 48, 197; in Columbine High School, 32, 39, 55–61, 63, 65–66, 77, 199; and Dylan Klebold, 138, 140, 142; and Harris and Klebold, 12, 40; intolerance, 14–15, 104–106, 219; and the media, 180; Protestantism, 201; religious right, 176; sectarian tensions, 13; secular religion, 209; in Southern Jefferson County, 12, 17, 19, 38–41, 50–61, 178, 202–204, 219–220, 234. See also churches and Evangelical Christians
revolution, 9, 143–144, 193, 195, 230; cultural revolution of the 1960s, 176, 178, 237–238; and Torchgrab Youth Ministry, 45, 203
rock-and-roll music, 9, 14–16, 34, 75, 165; and critique of everyday life, 197; German industrial, 124; heavy metal, 124; goth, 156, 197; punk 182, 190
Rocky Mountain News, 14, 28, 37, 45, 48–49, 126, 204, 232
Rocori High School. See schools
Sanders, Dave, 5, 13, 62, 116, 229
Satan and Satanism, 15, 46, 77, 80, 134, 143, 145, 200–202, 218, 231. See also evil
Schnurr, Valeen, 7, 45, 47–48, 199
schools: Bergenfield High School, 187; Bishop Newman High School, 10; Brian High School, 185; Chatfield High School, 18, 33, 36, 93–94, 110; Dakota Ridge High School, 18, 33; deAnza College, 10; Englewood High School, 123; Glen Ridge High School, 187–190, 192, 206–207; Granite Hills High School, 10; Heritage High School (Conyers Georgia), 9; Heritage High School (Cherry Creek, Colorado), 33; Leawood Elementary School, 11, 71; Murry Bergtraum High School, 224–225; Permian High School, 38, 206–209; Rocori High School, 10; W. R. Myers High School, 9
Scott, Craig, 47
Scott, Rachel, 3, 39-41, 44–45, 47–49, 83, 105, 194, 199, 202–203, 229
sex, 59, 64, 68, 73, 77, 100–102, 105, 120, 136, 146, 158, 164, 174, 176–179, 182, 183, 188–189, 202, 228, 237–239; and football, 207–208; in advertising, 206
sexism, 74, 111, 120, 173, 208, 228; of the new left, 164
sexual orientation, 86, 92, 96, 146–147; and the women's liberation movement, 164; of Dylan Klebold (see Klebold, Dylan); of Eric Harris (see Harris, Eric). See also homosexuality
Sholes, Isaiah, 6–7, 13, 44, 67, 83, 140, 159, 169, 200, 229
Skaters. See adolescent subcultures
skinheads. See adolescent subcultures
soches. See adolescent subcultures
Southern Gables Evangelical Free Church. See churches
Southern Jefferson County, 12, 17–20, 28, 37–38, 53–54, 67, 120, 123, 138, 144–145, 149, 177, 209, 218–219, 232–233; education in, 114, 152–153; employers in, 25; religion in, 15, 140, 202
St. Philip Lutheran Church. See churches
steroids: alleged use of, 119; identification with athletes, 87, 107. See also drugs
stoners. See adolescent subcultures
SWAT Teams, 13
Taylor, Mark, 3
Trenchcoat Mafia website. See Harris, Eric
Trenchcoat Mafia, 3, 59, 64, 75, 78–80, 91–92, 97, 107–110, 141, 145, 151, 162, 172, 188, 233
Trinity Christian Center. See churches
upper-middle-class, 20, 24, 28, 33, 64, 120, 140, 165, 179, 183–184, 188–189, 191
values: capitalist, 178; community, 189; civic, 120; democratic, 223; goth, 156; lack of, 9, 14–15; of the school, 152; personal, 139; religious, 59, 77; transcendent, 238
video games, 9, 14–16, 55, 143, 146, 148, 153, 161, 169–171, 173–174
W. R. Myers High School. See schools
West Bowles Community Church. See churches
whites. See ethnicity
Williams, Charles “Andy,” 9–10, 87
witchcraft, 80, 103; Wicca, 80, 145
women: professional, 24