Skip to main content

The Black Worker During the Post-War Prosperity and the Great Depression, 1920–1936—Volume VI: Part VI: Black Labor at the Crossroads

The Black Worker During the Post-War Prosperity and the Great Depression, 1920–1936—Volume VI
Part VI: Black Labor at the Crossroads
    • Notifications
    • Privacy
  • Project HomeThe Black Worker, Volume 6
  • Projects
  • Learn more about Manifold

Notes

Show the following:

  • Annotations
  • Resources
Search within:

Adjust appearance:

  • font
    Font style
  • color scheme
  • Margins
table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Series Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Foreword
  6. Contents
  7. Preface
  8. Part I: Economic Condition of the Black Worker
    1. Introduction
      1. The Twenties
        1. 1. Howard
        2. 2. The Hosts of Black Labor
        3. 3. Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions
        4. 4. Edward Kiefhaber to Robesonia Iron Co.
        5. 5. John Gocher to Interstate Employment Agency
        6. 6. John Gocher to A. F. Woodward
        7. 7. Recent Northward Migration of the Negro
        8. 8. An Experiment with Negro Labor
        9. 9. The Negro in Chicago Industries
        10. 10. Negroes at Work in Baltimore
        11. 11. Department of Labor
        12. 12. Industrial Employment of the Negro in Pennsylvania
        13. 13. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, I
        14. 14. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, II
        15. 15. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, III
        16. 16. Reid Tells of Fight for Skilled Workers
        17. 17. Youth Told to Get Into the Trades
        18. 18. Lack of Race Consciousness
        19. 19. Negro Worker O.K. If Handled Right
        20. 20. Economic Goals
        21. 21. Present Status of Negro Labor
        22. 22. Present Trends in Employment of Negro Labor
        23. 23. Negro in the Industrial South
        24. 24. Industrial and Labor Conditions
      2. The Thirties
        1. 25. The Economic Crisis of the Negro
        2. 26. Industrial and Labor Conditions
        3. 27. Two Letters
        4. 28. New Frontier of Negro Labor
        5. 29. An Emergency is On!
        6. 30. Frances Perkins to Eugene Kinkle Jones
        7. 31. Industrial and Labor Conditions
        8. 32. Impacts of Depression Upon Negro in Philadelphia
        9. 33. New Fields for Negro Labor in Texas
        10. 34. Wage Differential Based on Race
        11. 35. Black Wages for Black Men
        12. 36. Negro in Industry and Urban Life
        13. 37. Negro Worker and N.R.A.
        14. 38. N.R.A. Codifies Wage Slavery
        15. 39. National Recovery Act in U.S.A.
        16. 40. Black Inventory of the New Deal
        17. 41. To Boycott or--Not to Boycott?
        18. 42. The Negro in Pittsburgh's Industries
        19. 43. Relative Efficiency of Negro and White Workers
        20. 44. Negro in Industry
        21. 45. Life of Negroes in the Automobile Industry
        22. 46. Negro Seamen in the U.S.A.
        23. 47. Social-Economic Status of Negroes in the District of Columbia
  9. Part II: Black Women Workers
    1. Introduction
      1. Negro Women in Industry
        1. 1. Colored Women as Industrial Workers in Philadelphia
        2. 2. Making Over Poor Workers
        3. 3. The Negro Working Woman
        4. 4. Negro Woman in the Trade Union Movement
        5. 5. Bootleggers Welcome on the North Side
        6. 6. Strike of Negro Nurses at New Orleans
        7. 7. Women Workers
        8. 8. Start Campaign to Help Negro Women's Strike
        9. 9. Two More Women Jailed
        10. 10. Something New--Negro Women Strikers
        11. 11. Police Jail Two Negro Women in Chicago Strike
        12. 12. The Negro Working Woman
        13. 13. Must Organize Negro Women to Stop Scabbing
        14. 14. Women Day Workers League
        15. 15. Eva, The Black Working Girl
        16. 16. Pay for Negro Laundry Slaves
        17. 17. Negro Woman Cigar Slaves in Walkout
        18. 18. Women in Industry
        19. 19. No Race Prejudice in Needle Trades Union
        20. 20. Jim Crow Union
        21. 21. Colored Dressmakers
        22. 22. Starving Negro Woman Worker
        23. 23. Slavery in Atlanta Laundry
        24. 24. Negro Women Slave for $4 Weekly in Charleston
        25. 25. 50-Year-Old Negro Woman Set for Fight
        26. 26. Unorganized Domestic Toilers are Prey to Rich
        27. 27. Garment Union Comes to the Negro Worker
        28. 28. A Labor Study (South)
        29. 29. Negro Labor Committee in Drive to Aid Women
        30. 30. Newspaper Guild Indorses Domestic Workers' Union
        31. 31. Disadvantage of Being Female and Black
  10. Part III: The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Other Black Unions in the Train Service
    1. Introduction
      1. The Porters' Struggle for Recognition
        1. 1. A Message to the Slacker Porter
        2. 2. Truth About the Brotherhood
        3. 3. Organizing Negroes
        4. 4. Pullman Company and the Pullman Porter
        5. 5. Company Unions A La Pullman
        6. 6. Pullman Porters Break All Records
        7. 7. Bulletin
        8. 8. Pullman "Company Union" Slavery
        9. 9. New Pullman Porter
        10. 10. To the Organizing Committees
        11. 11. Find Negroes Can be Organized
        12. 12. Porters Step Ahead
        13. 13. Crusading for the Brotherhood
        14. 14. Toward the Home Stretch
        15. 15. Our Next Step
        16. 16. Pullman Porters Voting Solidly
        17. 17. Voice of Negro Labor, Frank R. Crosswaith
        18. 18. Answer Wall Street Fiction About Porters
        19. 19. The Brotherhood's Anniversary
        20. 20. Porters Ditch Company Union
        21. 21. Porter Asserts His Manhood
        22. 22. Open Letter to the Pullman Company
        23. 23. Porters' Union Goes South
        24. 24. Pullman Porters' Organization
        25. 25. Porters Get Inside Data on Wage Tilt
        26. 26. Status of Pullman Porters' Case
        27. 27. Before the Interstate Commerce Commission
        28. 28. Press Opinion on Porters' Case
        29. 29. Trade Union Committee
        30. 30. Our Next Step
        31. 31. Pullman Porters Win Pot of Gold
      2. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters at American Federation of Labor Conventions
        1. 32. A. Philip Randolph to Milton P. Webster
        2. 33. 1933 Convention
        3. 34. 1934 Convention
      3. Selected Correspondence Between A. Philip Randolph and Milton P. Webster
        1. 35. Webster to Randolph, March 15, 1928
        2. 36. Randolph to Webster, March 19, 1928
        3. 37. Randolph to Webster, March 24, 1928
        4. 38. Webster to Randolph, March 24, 1928
        5. 39. Randolph to Webster, March 26, 1928
        6. 40. Webster to Randolph, March 27, 1928
        7. 41. Randolph to Webster, April 2, 1928
        8. 42. Randolph to Webster, April 5, 1928
        9. 43. Webster to Randolph, June 9, 1928
        10. 44. Randolph to Webster, June 11, 1928
        11. 45. Webster to Dad Moore, June 11, 1928
        12. 46. Randolph to Webster, June 14, 1928
        13. 47. Webster to Dad Moore, June 26, 1928
        14. 48. Randolph to Webster, June 27, 1928
        15. 49. Randolph to Webster, June 28, 1928
        16. 50. Randolph to Webster, June 28, 1928
        17. 51. Randolph to Webster, August 8, 1928
        18. 52. Randolph to Webster, August 9, 1928
        19. 53. Randolph to Webster, August 30, 1928
      4. Other Black Unions in the Train Service
        1. 54. Railway Men's International Benevolent Industrial Assn.
        2. 55. Negro Railroad Men Hold Session in Birmingham
        3. 56. E. F. Roberts Explains Work of Colored Firemen's Organization
        4. 57. R. L. Mays Busy With His Men
        5. 58. Successful Meeting of Rail Men
        6. 59. Colored Trainmen Will Not Take Part in Strike
        7. 60. Negro Firemen Are Organized
        8. 61. Colored Workmen Threatened and Leave Job
        9. 62. My Attitude Toward Negro Labor
        10. 63. Union Styles
        11. 64. A Successful Negro Labor Union
        12. 65. Stop These Murders!
        13. 66. Murder for Jobs
        14. 67. Murder for the Jobs
        15. 68. Negro Firemen
        16. 69. Railway Employees Rally to Save Their Jobs
  11. Part IV: The American Federation of Labor and the Black Worker
    1. Introduction
      1. The A.F.L. and the Color Line
        1. 1. Whites Withdraw from Federation
        2. 2. A.F. of L. Wipes Out Color Line
        3. 3. "No Colored Line," Says Federation of Labor
        4. 4. The A.F. of L. Convention
        5. 5. Message to Negro Workers
        6. 6. To the American Federation of Labor
        7. 7. The A.F. of L's Convention
        8. 8. The Freight Handlers
        9. 9. A.F. of L. Unions Admit Colored Workers
        10. 10. Letter to Hugh Frayne
        11. 11. Negroes Asked to Join Unions
        12. 12. The A.F. of L. and the Negro
        13. 13. A.F. of L. is Openly Against Negro Labor
        14. 14. Solving America's Race Problem
        15. 15. Metal Trades Department
        16. 16. Attempts to Organize Negro Workers
        17. 17. American Federation of Labor and the Negro
        18. 18. A Labor Convention
        19. 19. Organization of Negro Labor
        20. 20. The A.F. of L.
        21. 21. Industrial Unions and the Negro Worker
      2. William Green and Black Workers
        1. 22. Organizing the Negro Workers
        2. 23. Our Negro Worker
        3. 24. Negro Wage Earners
        4. 25. American Federation of Labor Convention
        5. 26. National Unions Admit Race Workers
        6. 27. The A.F. of L. and the Negro
        7. 28. William Green to Elmer Anderson Carter
        8. 29. National Negro Labor Conference
        9. 30. Labor and the Negro
        10. 31. Open Letter to William Green
        11. 32. Negro Wage-Earners and Trade Unions
        12. 33. An Open Letter to William Green
      3. Selected A.F. of L. Convention Resolutions on Black Labor
        1. 34. 1920 Convention
        2. 35. 1925 Convention
        3. 36. 1933 Convention
        4. 37. 1935 Convention
        5. 38. 1936 Convention
  12. Part V: The Left
    1. Introduction
      1. The Socialists
        1. 1. Eugene V. Debs to the Editors of the Messenger, April 9, 1923
        2. 2. The Messenger and Its Mission
        3. 3. A United Negro Trades
        4. 4. Menace of Negro Communists
        5. 5. Meddling in the Porters Union
        6. 6. Communism and the Negro, I
        7. 7. Communism and the Negro, II
        8. 8. A Negro Looks at the 1932 Presidential Race
        9. 9. Political Future of the Negro
        10. 10. Negro's Road to Freedom
        11. 11. Notes For Speakers
        12. 12. True Freedom
      2. Ben Fletcher and the International Workers of the World
        1. 13. I. W. W. Means "I Won't Work"
        2. 14. Colored and White Workers Solving the Race Problem for Philadelphia
        3. 15. Forum of Local 8
        4. 16. Task of Local 8
        5. 17. Miscarriage of Justice
        6. 18. A Call to Solidarity!
        7. 19. Longshoremen Fighting for Life
        8. 20. Philadelphia Waterfront's Unionism
        9. 21. Negro and Organized Labor, by Ben Fletcher
        10. 22. Craft Union Color Line
        11. 23. Likes Lecture of Ben J. Fletcher
      3. Otto Hall and the Trade Union Education League
        1. 24. Call Negro Workers to Meet
        2. 25. Abolish Race Discrimination
        3. 26. T.U.E.L. Negro Department in Campaign for Unity
        4. 27. Organize Negro Workers
        5. 28. Negro Trade Union Militants Show A.F.L. Sellout of Porters
        6. 29. Negro Workers in Northern Industry
        7. 30. Interview With Otto Hall
      4. The American Negro Labor Congress and the National Negro Congress
        1. 31. Negroes Warned Not to be Caught in Trap
        2. 32. American Negro Labor Congress
        3. 33. Negroes and Labor
        4. 34. The Negro and Labor
        5. 35. A.F. of L. and the Negro Worker
        6. 36. Equality Demanded
        7. 37. Negroes Seek "Full Social Equality"
        8. 38. Big Labor Meeting Opens
        9. 39. Negroes Strike Back at Unions
        10. 40. Plot to Make Our Blacks Red
        11. 41. Editorial: Negro Labor and Communism
        12. 42. Interracial Banquet
        13. 43. National Negro Congress
        14. 44. National Negro Congress
        15. 45. National Negro Labor Congress (U.S.A.)
      5. The Communist Party, the Trade Union Unity League, and the Black Worker
        1. 46. Union, by Langston Hughes
        2. 47. Solidarity of Labor in the South
        3. 48. The African Blood Brotherhood
        4. 49. Color Line in Labor Unions
        5. 50. Communists Boring into Negro Labor
        6. 51. Striker Approaches Negro Problem With Intelligent Outlook
        7. 52. Problems and Struggles of Negro Workers
        8. 53. Negro Workers Play Vital Role in Charlotte T.U.U.L. Conference
        9. 54. Negro Workers and the Cleveland Unity Convention
        10. 55. Negro Miners Must Organize
        11. 56. Why Every Negro Miner Should Join the N.M.U.
        12. 57. Labor Enters National Drive to Save Atlanta Organizers
        13. 58. Trade Union Program for Negro Workers
        14. 59. Some Experiences in Organizing Negro Workers
        15. 60. Investigation of Communist Propaganda, 1930; Testimony of A. Philip Randolph
        16. 61. 400 Fight Lynch Law at Meeting in South
        17. 62. Negro Masses Unemployed
        18. 63. Pray, Don't Fight
        19. 64. The Jobless Negro
        20. 65. An Appeal to Negro Workers and Toilers
        21. 66. Georgia Imprisons Negro Red
        22. 67. Appeal for Negro in Red Conviction
        23. 68. Workers of Atlanta!
        24. 69. Angelo Herndon's Speech to the Jury
        25. 70. Angelo Herndon v. State of Georgia
        26. 71. Angelo Herndon is Free!
  13. Part VI: Black Labor at the Crossroads
    1. Introduction
      1. Black Workers and the Unions
        1. 1. An Open Letter to the South
        2. 2. Notice
        3. 3. Warning to Colored Laborers
        4. 4. Negro Workers Refuse Pittance to Labor
        5. 5. Labor Unions and the Negro
        6. 6. White Supremacy in Organized Labor
        7. 7. The Mixed Union
        8. 8. Equal Division of Labor on the Wharf
        9. 9. J. H. Walker to Ben F. Ferris, April 1, 1925
        10. 10. The Negro in Industry
        11. 11. Textile Strikers Welcome Negroes
        12. 12. Negro Workers at the Crossroads
        13. 13. Decline of the Negro Strikebreaker
        14. 14. Negro Workers and the Unions
        15. 15. Shall Negro Worker Turn to Labor or to Capital?
        16. 16. Whites Oust Negro Under N.R.A. in South
        17. 17. White Textile Workers of South Learning to Unite With Negro Brothers
        18. 18. Peter A. Carmichael to H. L. Kerwin, March 26, 1935
        19. 19. Peter A. Carmichael to H. L. Kerwin, April 29, 1935
        20. 20. The Negro and Union Labor
        21. 21. Trade Unionism
      2. Three Negro Labor Committees
        1. 22. Trade Union Committee for Organizing Negroes
        2. 23. Greatest Labor Meeting in the History of Harlem
        3. 24. Call for the First Negro Labor Conference
        4. 25. Proceedings of the First Negro Labor Conference, 1935
      3. The Committee for Industrial Organization and the Black Worker
        1. 26. C.I.O. and Negro Labor
        2. 27. Industrial Unionism and the Negro
        3. 28. "Plan Eleven"--Jim Crow in Steel
        4. 29. Labor
  14. Notes and Index
  15. Notes
  16. Index

PART VI

BLACK LABOR AT THE CROSSROADS

Annotate

Next Chapter
Introduction
PreviousNext
All rights reserved
Powered by Manifold Scholarship. Learn more at
Opens in new tab or windowmanifoldapp.org