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The Black Worker During the Post-War Prosperity and the Great Depression, 1920–1936—Volume VI: Contents

The Black Worker During the Post-War Prosperity and the Great Depression, 1920–1936—Volume VI

Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE BLACK WORKER

Introduction

THE TWENTIES

1. Howard

2. The Hosts of Black Labor, by W. E. B. Du Bois

3. Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions

4. Edward Kiefhaber to Robesonia Iron Co.

5. John Gocher to Interstate Employment Agency

6. John Gocher to A. F. Woodward

7. Recent Northward Migration of the Negro

8. An Experiment with Negro Labor

9. The Negro in Chicago Industries

10. Negroes at Work in Baltimore

11. Department of Labor

12. Industrial Employment of the Negro in Pennsylvania

13. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, I, by George S. Schuyler

14. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, II, by George S. Schuyler

15. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, III, by George S. Schuyler

16. Reid Tells of Fight for Skilled Workers

17. Youth Told to Get Into the Trades

18. Lack of Race Consciousness

19. Negro Worker O.K. If Handled Right

20. Economic Goals

21. Present Status of Negro Labor, by T. Arnold Hill

22. Present Trends in Employment of Negro Labor, by Charles S. Johnson

23. Negro in the Industrial South, by Broadus Mitchell

24. Industrial and Labor Conditions

THE THIRTIES

25. The Economic Crisis of the Negro, by A. Philip Randolph

26. Industrial and Labor Conditions

27. Two Letters

28. New Frontier of Negro Labor, by Charles S. Johnson

29. An Emergency is On! by T. Arnold Hill

30. Frances Perkins to Eugene Kinkle Jones

31. Industrial and Labor Conditions

32. Impacts of Depression Upon Negro in Philadelphia

33. New Fields for Negro Labor in Texas, by Henry Allen Bullock

34. Wage Differential Based on Race, by Robert C. Weaver

35. Black Wages for Black Men, by Ira De A. Reid

36. Negro in Industry and Urban Life, by Eugene Kinkle Jones

37. Negro Worker and N.R.A., by Gustav Peck

38. N.R.A. Codifies Wage Slavery, by John P. Davis

39. National Recovery Act in U.S.A., by B. D. Amis

40. Black Inventory of the New Deal, by John P. Davis

41. To Boycott or—Not to Boycott? by Vere E. Johns

42. The Negro in Pittsburgh’s Industries, by R. Maurice Moss

43. Relative Efficiency of Negro and White Workers

44. Negro in Industry

45. Life of Negroes in the Automobile Industry, by Bill Smedley

46. Negro Seamen in the U.S.A.

47. Social-Economic Status of Negroes in the District of Columbia

PART II: BLACK WOMEN WORKERS

Introduction

NEGRO WOMEN IN INDUSTRY

1. Colored Women as Industrial Workers in Philadelphia

2. Making Over Poor Workers, by Helen Sayre

3. The Negro Working Woman, by Mary Louise Williams

4. Negro Woman in the Trade Union Movement, by Nora Newsome

5. Bootleggers Welcome on the North Side

6. Strike of Negro Nurses at New Orleans

7. Women Workers

8. Start Campaign to Help Negro Women’s Strike

9. Two More Women Jailed by Cops in Date Strike

10. Something New—Negro Women Strikers

11. Police Jail Two Negro Women in Chicago Strike

12. The Negro Working Woman

13. Must Organize Negro Women to Stop Scabbing

14. Women Day Workers League, by Fannie Austin

15. Eva, The Black Working Girl

16. Pay for Negro Laundry Slaves, by Mary Adams

17. Negro Woman Cigar Slaves in Walkout

18. Women in Industry

19. No Race Prejudice in Needle Trades Union, by Henry Rosemond

20. Jim Crow Union

21. Colored Dressmakers

22. Starving Negro Woman Worker

23. Slavery in Atlanta Laundry

24. Negro Women Slave for $4 Weekly in Charleston

25. 50-Year-Old Negro Woman Set for Fight

26. Unorganized Domestic Toilers are Prey to Rich

27. Garment Union Comes to the Negro Worker, by Edith Kine

28. A Labor Study (South), by Ernest Hays Calloway

29. Negro Labor Committee in Drive to Aid Women

30. Newspaper Guild Indorses Domestic Workers’ Union

31. Disadvantage of Being Female and Black

PART III: THE BROTHERHOOD OF SLEEPING CAR PORTERS AND OTHER BLACK UNIONS IN THE TRAIN SERVICE

Introduction

THE PORTERS’ STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION

1. A Message to the Slacker Porter, by W. R. Shields

2. Truth About the Brotherhood, by A. Philip Randolph

3. Organizing Negroes

4. Pullman Company and the Pullman Porter, by A. Philip Randolph

5. Company Unions A La Pullman, by R. W. Dunn

6. Pullman Porters Break All Records, by Frank R. Crosswaith

7. Bulletin

8. Pullman “Company Union” Slavery, by Robert W. Dunn

9. New Pullman Porter, by A. Philip Randolph

10. To the Organizing Committees

11. Find Negroes Can be Organized

12. Porters Step Ahead

13. Crusading for the Brotherhood, by Frank R. Crosswaith

14. Toward the Home Stretch, by Frank R. Crosswaith

15. Our Next Step, by A. Philip Randolph

16. Pullman Porters Voting Solidly

17. Voice of Negro Labor, Frank R. Crosswaith

18. Answer Wall Street Fiction About Porters, by Esther Lowell

19. The Brotherhood’s Anniversary, by A. Philip Randolph

20. Porters Ditch Company Union

21. Porter Asserts His Manhood

22. Open Letter to the Pullman Company

23. Porters’ Union Goes South, by Frank R. Crosswaith

24. Pullman Porters’ Organization

25. Porters Get Inside Data on Wage Tilt

26. Status of Pullman Porters’ Case, by A. Philip Randolph

27. Before the Interstate Commerce Commission

28. Press Opinion on Porters’ Case

29. Trade Union Committee

30. Our Next Step, by A. Philip Randolph

31. Pullman Porters Win Pot of Gold, by G. James Fleming

THE BROTHERHOOD OF SLEEPING CAR PORTERS AT AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR CONVENTIONS

32. A. Philip Randolph to Milton P. Webster

33. 1933 Convention

34. 1934 Convention

SELECTED CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN A. PHILIP RANDOLPH AND MILTON P. WEBSTER

35. Webster to Randolph, March 15, 1928

36. Randolph to Webster, March 19, 1928

37. Randolph to Webster, March 24, 1928

38. Webster to Randolph, March 24, 1928

39. Randolph to Webster, March 26, 1928

40. Webster to Randolph, March 27, 1928

41. Randolph to Webster, April 2, 1928

42. Randolph to Webster, April 5, 1928

43. Webster to Randolph, June 9, 1928

44. Randolph to Webster, June 11, 1928

45. Webster to Dad Moore, June 11, 1928

46. Randolph to Webster, June 14, 1928

47. Webster to Dad Moore, June 26, 1928

48. Randolph to Webster, June 27, 1928

49. Randolph to Webster, June 28, 1928

50. Randolph to Webster, June 28, 1928

51. Randolph to Webster, August 8, 1928

52. Randolph to Webster, August 9, 1928

53. Randolph to Webster, August 30, 1928

OTHER BLACK UNIONS IN THE TRAIN SERVICE

54. Railway Men’s International Benevolent Industrial Assn.

55. Negro Railroad Men Hold Session in Birmingham

56. E. F. Roberts Explains Work of Colored Firemen’s Organization

57. R. L. Mays Busy With His Men

58. Successful Meeting of Rail Men

59. Colored Trainmen Will Not Take Part in Strike

60. Negro Firemen Are Organized

61. Colored Workmen Threatened and Leave Job

62. My Attitude Toward Negro Labor, by William N. Doak

63. Union Styles, by Floyd C. Covington

64. A Successful Negro Labor Union, by Rienzi B. Lemus

65. Stop These Murders!

66. Murder for Jobs

67. Murder for the Jobs, by Hilton Butler

68. Negro Firemen

69. Railway Employees Rally to Save Their Jobs, by T. Arnold Hill

PART IV: THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND THE BLACK WORKER

Introduction

THE A.F.L. AND THE COLOR LINE

1. Whites Withdraw from Federation

2. A.F. of L. Wipes Out Color Line

3. “No Colored Line,” Says Federation of Labor

4. The A.F. of L. Convention

5. Message to Negro Workers, by Samuel Gompers

6. To the American Federation of Labor

7. The A.F. of L’s Convention

8. The Freight Handlers, by Esther Lowell

9. A.F. of L. Unions Admit Colored Workers

10. Letter to Hugh Frayne

11. Negroes Asked to Join Unions

12. The A.F. of L. and the Negro

13. A.F. of L. is Openly Against Negro Labor

14. Solving America’s Race Problem, by Walter White

15. Metal Trades Department

16. Attempts to Organize Negro Workers

17. American Federation of Labor and the Negro

18. A Labor Convention

19. Organization of Negro Labor, by Elmer Anderson Carter

20. The A.F. of L.

21. Industrial Unions and the Negro Worker

WILLIAM GREEN AND BLACK WORKERS

22. Organizing the Negro Workers

23. Our Negro Worker, by William Green

24. Negro Wage Earners, by William Green.

25. American Federation of Labor Convention

26. National Unions Admit Race Workers

27. The A.F. of L. and the Negro, by Elmer Anderson Carter

28. William Green to Elmer Anderson Carter

29. National Negro Labor Conference, by William Green

30. Labor and the Negro

31. Open Letter to William Green

32. Negro Wage-Earners and Trade Unions, by William Green

33. An Open Letter to William Green

SELECTED A.F. OF L. CONVENTION RESOLUTIONS ON BLACK LABOR

34. 1920 Convention

35. 1925 Convention

36. 1933 Convention

37. 1935 Convention

38. 1936 Convention

PART V: THE LEFT

Introduction

THE SOCIALISTS

1. Eugene V. Debs to the Editors of the Messenger, April 9, 1923

2. The Messenger and Its Mission, by Eugene V. Debs

3. A United Negro Trades

4. Menace of Negro Communists

5. Meddling in the Porters Union

6. Communism and the Negro, I, by Frank R. Crosswaith

7. Communism and the Negro, II, by Frank R. Crosswaith

8. A Negro Looks at the 1932 Presidential Race, by Frank R. Crosswaith

9. Political Future of the Negro, by Frank R. Crosswaith

10. Negro’s Road to Freedom, by Ernest Rice Mc Kinney

11. Notes For Speakers

12. True Freedom, by Frank R. Crosswaith and Alfred Baker Lewis

BEN FLETCHER AND THE INTERNATIONAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD

13. I. W. W. Means “I Won’t Work”

14. Colored and White Workers Solving the Race Problem for Philadelphia

15. Forum of Local 8

16. Task of Local 8

17. Miscarriage of Justice

18. A Call to Solidarity!

19. Longshoremen Fighting for Life

20. Philadelphia Waterfront’s Unionism

21. Negro and Organized Labor, by Ben Fletcher

22. Craft Union Color Line

23. Likes Lecture of Ben J. Fletcher

OTTO HALL AND THE TRADE UNION EDUCATION LEAGUE

24. Call Negro Workers to Meet

25. Abolish Race Discrimination

26. T.U.E.L. Negro Department in Campaign for Unity

27. Organize Negro Workers, by William Z. Foster

28. Negro Trade Union Militants Show A.F.L. Sellout of Porters

29. Negro Workers in Northern Industry, by Otto Hall

30. Interview With Otto Hall

THE AMERICAN NEGRO LABOR CONGRESS AND THE NATIONAL NEGRO CONGRESS

31. Negroes Warned Not to be Caught in Trap

32. American Negro Labor Congress

33. Negroes and Labor

34. The Negro and Labor

35. A.F. of L. and the Negro Worker

36. Equality Demanded by Workers

37. Negroes Seek “Full Social Equality”

38. Big Labor Meeting Opens

39. Negroes Strike Back at Unions

40. Plot to Make Our Blacks Red

41. Editorial: Negro Labor and Communism

42. Interracial Banquet

43. National Negro Congress

44. National Negro Congress, by Lester B. Granger

45. National Negro Labor Congress (U.S.A.), by Herbert Newton

THE COMMUNIST PARTY, THE TRADE UNION UNITY LEAGUE, AND THE BLACK WORKER

46. Union, by Langston Hughes

47. Solidarity of Labor in the South

48. The African Blood Brotherhood

49. Color Line in Labor Unions

50. Communists Boring into Negro Labor

51. Striker Approaches Negro Problem With Intelligent Outlook, by Rachel Weinstein

52. Problems and Struggles of Negro Workers, by Richard B. Moore

53. Negro Workers Play Vital Role in Charlotte T.U.U.L. Conference

54. Negro Workers and the Cleveland Unity Convention, by Henry C. Rosemond

55. Negro Miners Must Organize, by Isaiah Hawkins

56. Why Every Negro Miner Should Join the N.M.U., by William A. Boyce

57. Labor Enters National Drive to Save Atlanta Organizers

58. Trade Union Program for Negro Workers

59. Some Experiences in Organizing Negro Workers, by Earl Browder

60. Investigation of Communist Propaganda, 1930; Testimony of A. Philip Randolph

61. 400 Fight Lynch Law at Meeting in South

62. Negro Masses Unemployed

63. Pray, Don’t Fight

64. The Jobless Negro, by Elizabeth Lawson

65. An Appeal to Negro Workers and Toilers

66. Georgia Imprisons Negro Red

67. Appeal for Negro in Red Conviction

68. Workers of Atlanta!

69. Angelo Herndon’s Speech to the Jury

70. Angelo Herndon v. State of Georgia

71. Angelo Herndon is Free!

PART VI: BLACK LABOR AT THE CROSSROADS

Introduction

BLACK WORKERS AND THE UNIONS

1. An Open Letter to the South, by Langston Hughes

2. Notice

3. Warning to Colored Laborers

4. Negro Workers Refuse Pittance to Labor

5. Labor Unions and the Negro

6. White Supremacy in Organized Labor, by Chandler Owen

7. The Mixed Union, by William D. Jones

8. Equal Division of Labor on the Wharf

9. J. H. Walker to Ben F. Ferris, April 1, 1925

10. The Negro in Industry, by T. Arnold Hill

11. Textile Strikers Welcome Negroes, by Roland A. Gibson

12. Negro Workers at the Crossroads, by Thomas L. Dabney

13. Decline of the Negro Strikebreaker, by Ira De A. Reid

14. Negro Workers and the Unions, by Charles S. Johnson

15. Shall Negro Worker Turn to Labor or to Capital? by Will Herberg

16. Whites Oust Negro Under N.R.A. in South, by Julian Harris

17. White Textile Workers of South Learning to Unite With Negro Brothers

18. Peter A. Carmichael to H. L. Kerwin, March 26, 1935

19. Peter A. Carmichael to H. L. Kerwin, April 29, 1935

20. The Negro and Union Labor

21. Trade Unionism, by Frank Crosswaith

THREE NEGRO LABOR COMMITTEES

22. Trade Union Committee for Organizing Negroes, by Frank R. Crosswaith

23. Greatest Labor Meeting in the History of Harlem

24. Call for the First Negro Labor Conference

25. Proceedings of the First Negro Labor Conference, 1935

THE COMMITTEE FOR INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION AND THE BLACK WORKER

26. C.I.O. and Negro Labor, by Ernest Calloway

27. Industrial Unionism and the Negro, by Lester B. Granger

28. “Plan Eleven”—Jim Crow in Steel, by John P. Davis

29. Labor, by T. Arnold Hill

NOTES

INDEX

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