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The Black Worker: A Documentary History from Colonial Times to the Present (Volume 4): Part VI: Contemporary Assessments

The Black Worker: A Documentary History from Colonial Times to the Present (Volume 4)
Part VI: Contemporary Assessments
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Series Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Foreword
  6. Contents
  7. Preface
  8. Part I: The American Federation of Labor and the Black Worker, 1881–1903
    1. Introduction
    2. The A. F. of L. and the racial issue
    3. 1. First Annual Meeting of the American Federation of Labor in Pittsburgh, 1881
    4. 2. Report of President Samuel Gompers to the A, F. of L. Convention of 1900
    5. 3. Committee on the President’s Report, A. F. of L. Convention of 1900
    6. 4. Amendment to the A. F. of L. Constitution, Article 12, Section 6, Adopted in 1900
    7. 5. Broke Up the Union
    8. 6. The Industrial Color-Line in the North
    9. 7. H. W. Sherman to Samuel Gompers, October 6, 1900
    10. 8. H. W. Sherman to Samuel Gompers, October 10, 1900
    11. 9. H. W. Sherman to Samuel Gompers, November 7, 1900
    12. 10. Trade Union Attitude Toward Colored Workers
    13. 11. The Alabama State Federation of Labor Convention, 1901
    14. 12. Status of the Negro in the Trades Union Movement
    15. 13. Alabama State Federation of Labor Convention at Selma, Alabama, 1902
    16. 14. The Negro Mechanics of Atlanta
    17. 15. Attitude of a Negro Bricklayer on Union Policies
    18. New Orleans General Strike of 1892
    19. 16. V. Schelin to Chris Evans, November 1, 1892
    20. 17. Deeds of Violence
    21. 18. Still General
    22. 19. “Senegambian Schemes”
    23. 20. A General Strike
    24. 21. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, November 7, 1892
    25. 22. V. Schelin to Chris Evans, November 8, 1892
    26. 23. A Plucky Baker
    27. 24. The Committee of Five
    28. 25. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, November 13, 1892
    29. 26. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, November 13, 1892
    30. 27. R. P. Fleming to Sir [Samuel Gompers], November 16, 1892
    31. 28. Samuel Gompers to John M. Callaghan, November 21, 1892
    32. 29. Hall of Workingmen’s Amalgamated Council of New Orleans
    33. 30. Gompers’ Testimony
    34. Samuel Gompers, A. F. of L. Organizers and Officials, and Black Workers: Correspondence, 1889–1895
    35. 31. Samuel Gompers to James H. White, September 14, 1889
    36. 32. N. E. St. Cloud to Samuel Gompers, November 1, 1890
    37. 33. Josiah B. Dyer to Samuel Gompers, November 17, 1890
    38. 34. J. B. Horner to Samuel Gompers, May 30, 1891
    39. 35. J. C. Roberts to Samuel Gompers, November 8, 1891
    40. 36. J. C. Roberts to Samuel Gompers, November 20, 1891
    41. 37. James L. Barrie to Chris Evans, December 10, 1891
    42. 38. Western Central Labor Union Seattle, Washington, December 10, 1891
    43. 39. Jerome Jones to Samuel Gompers, December 15, 1891
    44. 40. Samuel Gompers to R. T. Coles, April 28, 1891
    45. 41. Charles P. Overgard to Samuel Gompers, March 23, 1892
    46. 42. Charles Overgard to Samuel Gompers, April 7, 1892
    47. 43. C. C. Taber to Samuel Gompers, April 24, 1892
    48. 44. Charles Overgard to Samuel Gompers, May 4, 1892
    49. 45. C. C. Taber to Samuel Gompers, May 31, 1892
    50. 46. P. J. McGuire to Samuel Gompers, October 24, 1892
    51. 47. Samuel Gompers to J. Geggie, October 27, 1892
    52. 48. E. M. McGruder to Samuel Gompers, March 20, 1893
    53. 49. Samuel Gompers to E. M, McGruder, April 3, 1893
    54. 50. John F. O’Sullivan to Augustine McCraith, June 18, 1895
    55. 51. John F. O’Sullivan to Augustine McCraith, July 6, 1895
    56. Samuel Gompers and George L. Norton, First Black Organizer for the A. F. of L.: Correspondence, 1891–1894
    57. 52. A. S. Leitch to Samuel Gompers, June 8, 1891
    58. 53. A. S. Leitch to Samuel Gompers, June 30, 1891
    59. 54. George Norton to Samuel Gompers, July 10, 1891
    60. 55. A. S.” Leitch to Samuel Gompers, July 15, 1891
    61. 56. George L. Norton to Chris Evans, October 23, 1891
    62. 57. G. L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, January 28, 1892
    63. 58. Living Wages
    64. 59. Strike of St. Louis Negro Longshoremen, 1892
    65. 60. Samuel Gompers to George L. Norton, April 13, 1892
    66. 61. George L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, April 28, 1892
    67. 62. George L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, April 28, 1892
    68. 63. Samuel Gompers to George L. Norton, May 3, 1892
    69. 64. Albert E. King to Samuel Gompers, May 7, 1892
    70. 65. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, May 10, 1892
    71. 66. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, May 15, 1892
    72. 67. Samuel Gompers to George L. Norton, May 16, 1892
    73. 68. Samuel Gompers to George L. Norton, May 17, 1892
    74. 69. Samuel Gompers to John M. Callaghan, May 17, 1892
    75. 70. Samuel Gompers to John M. Callaghan, May 24, 1892
    76. 71. George L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, May 25, 1892
    77. 72. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, May 29, 1892
    78. 73. Samuel Gompers to George L. Norton, June 3, 1892
    79. 74. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, June 5, 1892
    80. 75. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, June 12, 1892
    81. 76. George L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, June 19, 1892
    82. 77. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, June 28, 1892
    83. 78. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, August 3, 1892
    84. 79. William Brannick to A. F. of L. Executive Committee, August 5, 1892
    85. 80. John M. Callaghan to Samuel Gompers, October 26, 1892
    86. 81. Samuel Gompers to George L. Norton, February 7, 1893
    87. 82. George L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, July 13, 1893
    88. 83. George L. Norton to Samuel Gompers, February 7, 1894
    89. The A. F. of L., The Machinists’ Union, and the Black Worker
    90. 84. Call For a National Convention of Machinists, Blacksmiths and Helpers
    91. 85. Harry E. Aston to Samuel Gompers, April 20, 1891
    92. 86. L. C. Fry to Samuel Gompers, April 7, 1892
    93. 87. Douglas Wilson to Samuel Gompers, April 14, 1893
    94. 88. Nothing But Prejudice
    95. 89. James O’Connell to Samuel Gompers, November 1, 1893
    96. 90. Daniel J. Sullivan to John McBride, March 26, 1895
    97. 91. This Word White
    98. 92. James Duncan to W. S. Davis, April 1, 1895
    99. 93. Edward O’Donnell to Augustine McCraith, April 15, 1895
    100. 94. Thomas J. Morgan to John McBride, May 18, 1895
    101. 95. Thomas J. Morgan to John McBride, July 2, 1895
    102. 96. Daniel J. Sullivan to John McBride, July 24, 1895
    103. 97. Edward O’Donnell to John McBride, July 26, 1895
    104. 98. I. A. M. Is Chartered
    105. Discrimination in the Bricklayers’ and Masons’ International Union: Correspondence between Union Officials and Robert Rhodes, A Black Bricklayer
    106. 99. Robert Rhodes to William Dobson, January 14, 1903
    107. 100. William Dobson to George Frey, March 17, 1903
    108. 101. George Frey to William Dobson, March 22, 1903
    109. 102. Robert Rhodes to William Dobson, March 24, 1903
    110. 103. William J. Bowen to George Frey, April 6, 1903
    111. 104. Robert Rhodes to Mr. Dobson, April 10, 1903
    112. 105. William J. Bowen to Robert Rhodes, April 20, 1903
    113. 106. William Bowen to George Frey, April 20, 1903
    114. 107. George Frey to William Bowen, April 26, 1903
    115. 108. Robert Rhodes to William Bowen, April 27, 1903
    116. The Galveston Longshoremen Strike of 1898
    117. 109. The Mallory Troubles
    118. 110. A Mass Meeting Held
    119. 111. White or Black Labor
    120. 112. A Black Point of View
    121. 113. Affiliation
    122. 114. Political Pulling
  9. Part II: The Pullman Porters, The Railroad Brotherhoods, and the Black Worker, 1886–1902
    1. Introduction
    2. The Pullman Porters, the Railroad Unions, and Racial Discrimination
    3. 1. Spies on Pullman Cars
    4. 2. Sleeper Service
    5. 3. The Railway Porters
    6. 4. Proposed Porters’ Strike
    7. 5. A Strike That Should Not Succeed
    8. 6. The Reliable Laborer
    9. 7. The Strike
    10. 8. A Lesson That is Being Learned
    11. 9. The Right to Strike and the Right to Work
    12. 10. Effects of the Strike
    13. 11. The Race Question
    14. 12. Could Not Draw the Color Line
    15. 13. The Color Line in Texas
    16. 14. Appeal to Negro Workers
    17. 15. William D. Mahon to Samuel Gompers, November 22, 1900
    18. 16. John T. Wilson to Frank Morrison, August 22, 1903
    19. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and The “Negro Question”
    20. 17. W. S. Carter to Samuel Gompers, October 3, 1896
    21. 18. W. S. Carter to Samuel Gompers, October 26, 1896
    22. 19. The Negro Question
    23. 20. Hostility
    24. 21. From Local 289
    25. 22. The Race Question
    26. 23. Mixed Labor
    27. 24. The Southern Negro
    28. 25. A Call for the Admission of Blacks Into the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
    29. 26. Firemen Respond to the Call for Admission of Blacks
    30. The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen and the Demand for Black Exclusion
    31. 27. Negro Domination
    32. 28. The Negro in Train and Yard Service
    33. 29. The Negro in Train and Yard Service
    34. 30. Herculean Lodge, No. 574
    35. 31. The Negro No Good
    36. 32. Louisville, Ky.
    37. 33. Grand Fork
    38. 34. Columbia, S.C.
    39. 35. Memphis, Tenn.
    40. 36. Memphis, Tenn.
    41. 37. Negro Labor: Benefit or Detriment?
    42. 38. Chattanooga, Tenn.
    43. 39. “Nig”
    44. 40. Atlanta, Georgia
  10. Part III: The United Mine Workers of America and the Black Worker
    1. Introduction
    2. Richard L. Davis, United Mine Workers’ Leader, 1891–1900
    3. 1. A Frank Letter
    4. 2. Davis Hot
    5. 3. Davis Declines
    6. 4. Davis Appreciates
    7. 5. Edmonds Himself
    8. 6. The Wanderers
    9. 7. Encouraging
    10. 8. Brazil, Indiana
    11. 9. Land of Bondage
    12. 10. Still Unsettled
    13. 11. Number Three
    14. 12. Very Plain Talk
    15. 13. A Contract
    16. 14. Congo
    17. 15. Rendville
    18. 16. Wants to Know
    19. 17. May Want a Job
    20. 18. R. L. Davis
    21. 19. Glasgow
    22. 20. To Glasgow’s of Last Week—“No Fair Shake”
    23. 21. The Colored Race and Labor Organizations
    24. 22. Glasgow Again
    25. 23. R. L. to Glasgow
    26. 24. Another Chapter
    27. 25. All Right Now
    28. 26. A Mistake
    29. 27. Wrong Impression
    30. 28. Mineral Point, Ohio
    31. 29. From Rendville, Ohio
    32. 30. Just a Word
    33. 31. No Race Bias
    34. 32. The Rendville Man
    35. 33. R. L. Davis
    36. 34. R. L. Davis
    37. 35. R. L. Davis
    38. 36. The Right Step
    39. 37. Davis
    40. 38. Honest and Manly
    41. 39. A Strong Protest
    42. 40. Wallace’s Reply to Davis
    43. 41. Wallace’s Reply to Davis (cont’d.)
    44. 42. What Has He Done?
    45. 43. Couldn’t Tell
    46. 44. Case of R. L. Davis
    47. 45. Thanks
    48. 46. R. L. Davis, Member of Executive Board
    49. 47. Original
    50. 48. Betrayed
    51. 49. Working Steadily
    52. 50. Glad
    53. 51. R. L. Davis
    54. 52. R. L. Davis
    55. 53. R. L. Davis
    56. 54. R. L. Davis
    57. 55. R. L. Davis
    58. 56. R. L. Davis
    59. 57. The Sage
    60. 58. Old Dog Reports
    61. 59. R. L. Davis
    62. 60. R. L. Davis
    63. 61. R. L. Davis
    64. Letters of William R. Riley
    65. 62. Serious Mistake
    66. 63. A Few Words From Riley
    67. 64. Riley Indignant
    68. 65. Negro vs. Nigger
    69. 66. Riley’s Report
    70. 67. Riley Again
    71. 68. Rev. William Riley
    72. Other Black Coal Miners
    73. 69. Colored Mine
    74. 70. Our Colored Sister
    75. 71. Color Question
    76. 72. Coal Miners’ Band—Excursion
    77. 73. Free Debate
    78. 74. Pratt City, Alabama
    79. 75. A Miner
    80. 76. Alabama News
    81. 77. Clark of Rendville
    82. 78. A Little History
    83. 79. Monthly Mass Meeting
    84. 80. Colored Odd Fellows
    85. 81. A Colored Brother From Grape Creek
    86. 82. Chasm of Prejudice
    87. 83. F. A. Bannister
    88. 84. Two Black Miners Present Contrasting Views at the Illinois State U.M.W. Convention, 1900
    89. 85. The Joint Convention in Alabama
  11. Part IV: Black Coal Miners and the Issue of Strikebreaking
    1. Introduction
    2. Importation and Black Strikebreaking
    3. 1. Two Advertisements
    4. 2. Colored Men Reflect
    5. 3. White and Colored Laborers Detrimental
    6. 4. Negro Miners in Demand
    7. 5. The Negro and Strikes
    8. 6. The Mining Riots
    9. 7. Labor Outlook For Colored Men
    10. 8. The Spring Valley Riot
    11. 9. The Spring Valley Affair
    12. 10. Some Day
    13. 11. Work For Negro Miners
    14. 12. Interview With a White U.M.W. Member
    15. Imported Black Miners and the Pana-Virden Strike, 1898–1899
    16. 13. Wanted
    17. 14. Misrepresentation
    18. 15. Negroes in Strikers’ Places
    19. 16. Affairs at Pana
    20. 17. Misunderstood “Dodger”
    21. 18. Ex-Convicts Poor Miners
    22. 19. Affairs at Pana
    23. 20. Carry Their Point
    24. 21. Live Wires Placed Around the Stockade Keep Men in Prison
    25. 22. Slow to Go Away Again
    26. 23. Timely Address
    27. 24. Deserted By Their Employers
    28. 25. On the Banks of the Railroad
    29. 26. Affairs At Virden and Pana
    30. 27. The Situation
    31. 28. Strikers Shot Down By Guards at Virden, Militia Ordered Out
    32. 29. Pana and Virden
    33. 30. The Virden Riot
    34. 31. Under the Thumb of Unionism
    35. 32. Tanner of Illinois
    36. 33. The Illinois Strike
    37. 34. Governor Tanner Responsible
    38. 35. The Illinois Riot
    39. 36. Tannerism
    40. 37. Gov. Tanner Revolutionary
    41. 38. No Difference
    42. 39. Fighting For a Job
    43. 40. Colored Men
    44. 41. Gov. Tanner’s “Niggers”
    45. 42. Illinois in Rebellion
    46. 43. Women Among the Killed and Wounded
    47. 44. Another Stab
    48. 45. Pana Strike to End
    49. 46. 600 Negro Miners Turned Out
    50. 47. Employ Negroes in Time of Peace Too
    51. 48. The Negroes Must “Git”
    52. 49. The Murder of the Miners
    53. 50. Not Settled
    54. 51. A Warning Voice
    55. 52. Colored Miners in a Frenzy
    56. 53. The Mine Riot at Carterville, Ill.
    57. 54. Brutal Murder
    58. 55. A Colored Mother
  12. Part V: Along the Color Line: Trade Unions and the Black Worker at the turn of the Twentieth Century
    1. Introduction
    2. The Color Line in the South
    3. 1. Opposition to Negro Compositors
    4. 2. Negro Compositors in the South
    5. 3. Skilled Labor
    6. 4. The Negro As a Worker
    7. 5. Trade Exiles
    8. 6. Colored Women Not Wanted
    9. 7. Spontaneous Protest
    10. 8. The Negro: His Relation to Southern Industry, by Will H. Winn
    11. 9. The Laborers’ War
    12. 10. How Our Educated Young Men and Women Can Find Employment, by Booker T. Washington
    13. 11. Colored Labor in Cotton Mills
    14. 12. Strike of Mill Workers at Fulton Cotton Mills
    15. 13. Colored People’s Plea
    16. 14. To Reduce Negro Labor
    17. 15. Labor Unions Assailed
    18. 16. The Color Line in Organization
    19. 17. Negroes in Atlanta
    20. 18. Training Negro Labor
    21. 19. Industrial Education Washington
    22. 20. Industrial Education
    23. 21. Trusts Smile
    24. 22. Critical Position of is the Solution, by Booker T. Not the Only Solution the Negro
    25. The Color Line in the North
    26. 23. Douglass on Work
    27. 24. Encouraging
    28. 25. Color Line
    29. 26. Color Line in Baseball
    30. 27. Black Tradesmen North and South
    31. 28. Accepted As Co-Workers
    32. 29. What Our Working Men Want, by John Durham
    33. 30. John Durham on Unions and Black Workers
    34. 31. Illiterate Negro-Haters
    35. 32. Color Line in Trades Unions
    36. 33. Labor Unions and the Negro
    37. 34. Indianapolis Street Railroad vs. Colored Men
    38. 35. The Race Needs an Example—Shall Indianapolis Set Tt?
    39. 36. Speaking For Their Race
    40. 37. The New Gospel of Organized Labor
    41. 38. An Open Letter to John Burns, Esq.
    42. 39. Exclusion Is Wicked
    43. 40. The Industrial Color Line in the North and the Remedy
    44. 41. A New Industrial Apostle
    45. 42. Became a White Man in Order to Succeed
    46. 43. The Race Problem Again
    47. 44. Labor Day
    48. 45. Bring Trades Unions to Terms
    49. 46. Item
    50. 47. Item
    51. 48. Item
    52. 49. Item
    53. 50. The Industrial Situation
    54. 51. Unionists Refuse to Parade Because Negroes are Barred
  13. Part VI: Contemporary Assessments
    1. Introduction
    2. Status of the Black Worker at the turn of the Twentieth Century
    3. 1. Letters to Albion W. Tourgee
    4. 2. Excerpt from. Doctor Huguet: A Novel, by Ignatius Donnelly
    5. 3. Hearings Before the Industrial Commission, 1898–1900
    6. 4. Excerpt from The Negro Artisan, W. E. B. DuBois
    7. 5. Excerpt from The Philadelphia Negro, W. E. B. DuBois
  14. Notes
  15. Index

VI

CONTEMPORARY ASSESSMENTS

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