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The Black Worker: A Documentary History from Colonial Times to the Present (Volume 4): Index

The Black Worker: A Documentary History from Colonial Times to the Present (Volume 4)

Index

INDEX

Academie Julian, 388

Adams, A. A., 140, 160

Africa, 99, 101, 102, 111, 136, 185, 270, 271, 340, 382

African Industrial and Protective League, 218

African Methodist Episcopal Church, 191, 361

Afro-American Labor and Protective Association, 200, 218

Afro-American League, 291, 384–85

“Agrarianism,” 94–95, 373

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, 372

Allegheny Mountains, 367

Agricultural College of Alabama, 94–95

Alexander, Henry, 16

Alexander II, Czar of Russia, 373

Alabama State Federation of Labor, 12, 14

Alabama State Gazette, the 251

Alliances, the farmers’, 373

Almundsen, Deputy Chief of Police, 63, 64

Altgeld, John P., 80, 371, 381

Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 374

Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, 84, 372

Amalgamated Engineers’ Union, 384

American Carriers Union, 20

American Federation of Labor, founded, 3–4; and the racial bar, 2, 4–5, 8–9, 32–33, 41–42, 48, 49–57, 59–61, 84, 86–89, 256–57, 326, 332–33, 342, 372 conventions, 3–4

American Longshoremen’s Union, 291

American Railway Union, 7, 72, 79–80, 83–84, 156, 161, 191, 367, 368, 370, 371

American Wool and Cotton Reporter, the 260

Anarchism, 373

Anarchy, 94–95

Anderson, Benjamin, 207

Anderson, Jack, 207

Anderson, James, 65

Anti-Monopolist, 386

Anti-Strikers’ Railroad Union, 80

Arbitration, Illinois State Board of, 208

Arch, Joseph, 325, 387

Armand, Paul, 20

Armes, Ethel, The Story of Coal and Iron in Alabama (1910), 378

Armstrong, S. C., 193

Arnold, Benedict, 219

Arnold, Matthew, 276, 383

Arthur, Chester A., 384

Arthur, Peter M., 85, 372

Associated Press, 161

Aston, Harry E., 50

Atherton, George, 125, 126

Atlanta Cotton Mills, 102, 111, 387

Atlanta Federation of Trades, 307, 340

Atlanta University, 14, 298, 350

Attucks, Crispus, 330

Atwood, William, 126

Bakers and Confectioners, 19

Baldwin, J. B., 43

“Banjo Lesson” (Henry Tanner), 388

Bannister, F. A., 194, 380

Baptist Tribune, the, 251

Barbers, 32, 273, 276, 321

Barbers International Union, 32

Barbour, George, 12, 237

Barrie, James L., 27

Beasley, D. E., 77

Belgium, 270

Bell, Edward P., 20

Bessemer Rolling Mills, 264

Best, J., 54

Birmingham Commercial Club, 327

Birmingham Typographical Union, 14

Black, John, 245

Black Diamond Mines, 123

“Black list,” 174

“Black marbles,” 373

Black Reconstruction in America, (W. E. B. DuBois), 387–88

Black workers, as convicts and ex-convicts, 26, 29–30, 31, 201–202, 209–10, 226, 230, 235–36, 242–44, 308, 323, 377; as strikebreakers, 11, 95, 120, 127, 150, 151, 156, 175, 186, 187–88, 195, 200–48, 263, 338; as authors, 254; blacksmiths, 89, 141, 256, 265, 271–72, 273, 276, 321; boilertenders, 256; bookkeepers, 275, 277; bootblacks, 292; brakemen, 110; bricklayers, 58–62, 256, 265, 276, 272, 275, 310, 312–13, 317, 318, 321; cabinet-makers, 265; carriage-makers, 265; carpenters, 14, 89, 141, 256, 265, 267, 271–72, 275, 276, 314, 317, 319, 321; cigar-makers, 272; clerks, 273, 275; coachmen, 256, 282, 292; conductors, 82, 281; contractors, 265, 268, 312; cotton compressors, 256; day-laborers, 256, 272, 292, 320, 321; dentists, 265; doctors, 254, 265; domestics, 256, 272, 321; draymen, 23; dressmakers, 271; drivers, 256, 280–82; editors, 254; engineers, 82, 98, 141, 272; farm laborers, 317; hod-carriers, 325–26; iron-molder, 89, 322; janitors, 255, 276, 280; jewelers, 254; lawyers, 254, 265; longshoremen, 62–70, 82, 98, 256, 272; lumber mill operators, 256, 267; machinists, 29, 50–57, 265, 285, 318; mail carriers, 254; managers, 317; mechanics, 271–72, 275, 284, 310, 320; merchants, 265;-miners, 119–97, 200–48, 322; motormen, 280, 281; painters, 265, 267, 271–72, 321; photographers, 254; plasterers, 265, 267, 310, 321; plumbers, 265; policemen, 271; porters, 256, 306; printers, 290–92; pullman porters, 73–78; railroad firemen, 82, 85–102, 256, 271, 313–14; riverboat hands, 256; scrubbers, 255; sectionhands, 272; seamen, 39; shoemakers, 265; skilled craftsmen, 252, 254, 260, 268, 284, 318; stationary engineers, 256; stationary firemen, 7, 15; stenographer, 276; stevedores, 202; stone-masons, 308, 321; switchmen, 83, 110; slaesmen, 277; saleswomen, 275, 276; tailors, 265, 271–72; textile factory operatives, 252, 256, 266, 273, 306–307, 309–11, 315–16; teamsters, 16, 23, 306; tinners, 265, 267; trackmen, 89; trainmen, 102–15; typewriters, 275; undertakers, 254; washerwomen, 105, 314; warehousemen, 256; waiters, 256, 276, 280, 292; wheelwrights, 265; white-washers, 280. For a tabulation and analysis of black workers in these and other occupations, see also 329–64.

“Blacklegs,” 119, 124, 135, 166, 175, 186, 188, 189, 236, 374. See also, strikebreakers.

Balmaceda, Jose Manuel, 385

Blackshear, John J. 264

Blacksmiths, 89, 141, 256, 265, 271–72, 273, 276, 321

Blaine, James G., 186, 378, 385

“Bleeding Kansas,” 241

Burns, John, 384

Boilertenders, 256

Bokenfohr, Jack, 18

Bond, Thomas, 77

Bookkeepers, 275, 277

Bootblacks, 292

Boston Leader, the, 388

Boston Massacre, 330

Bowen, William J., 60–61, 370

Boy, Alex, 243

Boyle, J. E., 19

Boyle, John, 274

Bradley, Huse, 245

Bragg, A. W., 77

Brakemen, 110

Brannick, William, 47

Breen, John, 18, 19, 20, 22

Brennaman, Abe, 224

Bricklayers, 58–62, 256, 265, 267, 272, 275, 310, 312–13, 314, 317, 318, 321

Bricklayers’ and Masons’ International Union, 2, 58–62, 370

Bridvell, J. W., 307–309

Brillault, E. P., 20

Broadman, Louis, 210

Brooks, Silas, 12

Broom Makers’ Union, 19

Brotherhood of Firemen and Trainmen, 72

Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 85, 372

Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 82, 83, 85–102, 367, 371

Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, 372

Brotherhood of Locomotive Trainmen, 72

Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators, 20

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 83, 85, 102–15, 371, 372

Brotherhood of Railway Workers, 20

Brown, J. L., 19

Brown, Joseph E., 201, 380–81

Brown, Polk, 112

Brown University, 371

Brown, W. C., 10

Browns, the St. Louis, 274–75

Buchanan, James, 190–379

Buhler, George, 19

Bullock, Rufus, B., 315–16, 387

Bureau of Engraving, the U.S., 250

Bureau of Immigration, the U.S., 91

Bureau of Labor Statistics of North Carolina, 95

Bureau of Statistics, the Illinois, 208

Burke, Nicholas, 18

Burns, John, 284

Burrell, Hy, 20

Butler, Aaron, 20

Cabinet-makers, 265

Cable, George W., 382

Cahaba Coal Field, 186

Cain, C. W., 176

Caldwell, M. W., 77

Call, Charles, 140

Call, Thomas, 222

Callaghan, John M., 18, 19, 20, 22–23, 40–48, 368

Camack, William, 186

Canada, 76, 372

Cansler, Mrs. William, 247–48

Car Drivers, 19, 41, 45

Caribbean Archipelago, 270

Carlton, Tom, 14

Carlyle, Thomas, The French Revolution (1837), 204, 381

Carpenter, The, 368

Carpenters, 14, 89, 141, 256, 265, 267, 271–72, 275, 276, 314, 317, 319, 321

Carriage-makers, 265

Carroll, W. W., 224

Carter, William S., 85–87, 372

Caruthers, R. L., 274

Carver, George Washington, 382

Cease, D. L., 113

Central High School of Philadelphia, 354, 363

Central Labor union, 9, 27–28, 54, 56, 281, 289, 368

Chandler & Taylor “Color Strike,” 278

Chandler, Allen D., 316–18, 387

Chandler, William E., 266, 382

Charles, M. A., 77

Chattanooga Southern Railroad, 377

“Check-off” system, 380

Chicago and Alton Railroad, 224

Chicago Conservator, the, 273

Chicago Law College, 370

Chicago Police Force, 224

Chicago Trade and Labor Assembly, 370

Chicago-Virden Coal Company, 200, 211, 224, 225, 233

Chile, 299, 385

Christian Recorder, the, 200

Christy, L. E., 264

Chronicle, the Chicago, 233

Church of England, 383

Cigar-makers, 272

Cigar-Makers International Union, 33, 86, 367, 386

Cincinnati Enquirer, the, 133

Citizens Equal Rights Association, 385

Citizens Railroad Company of Indianapolis, 283

Civil Service Commission, the U.S., 254

Civil War, 92, 376, 380, 383

Clark, E. E., 341

Clark, W. E., 187, 189–90

Clarke Solar Iron Works, 277

Clarkson, William H., 224

Clarksville Colored Labor Union, 27

Clemo, J. L., 176

Clerks, 273, 275

Cleveland, Grover, 80, 371, 375, 378

Clothing Clerks, 19

Cloud, George, 243

Clover Leaf Railroad, 223

Coachmen, 256, 282, 292

Coal Creek Strike (1891), 179

Coal Strike Arbitration Commission, 341

Coal-cutting machines, 376

Coal Wheelers, 20

Coachmen’s Benevolent Association, 20

Coachmen’s Union, 20

Coburn, Frank, 238

Coco, Xavier Le, 238

Coffin, John P., 327–28

Coleman, I. N., 174, 190

Coleman, Lewis, 151–52

Coles, R. T., 29

Colonization of Negroes, 310

Colorado, the, 62, 64, 66

Colored American, the, 230

Colored Barbers Union, 32

Colored Labor and Trades Union, 26

Colored Laborer’s Protective Union, 2, 62, 65, 69

Colored Mining Company of Carthage, Missouri, 183

Colored Screwmen’s Association, No. 2, 65, 370

Colored Texas Union, 29

Colquitt, Governor, 381

Columbus Record, the, 369

Columbus Trades and Labor Council, 372

Commercial Appeal, the Memphis, 205

Communism, 94–95, 372–73

Communist Party, 388

Conductors, 82, 281

Confederate States of America, 371

Congo Coal Company, 133–34, 136, 137, 139–40, 168–69, 172, 173

Congo Free State, 374

Conners, John H., 19

Constitution, the Atlanta, 95, 265, 307

Constitution, the U.S., 235

Contractors, 265, 268, 312

Convicts and ex-convicts, 26, 29–30, 31, 201–202, 209–10, 226, 230, 235–36, 242–44, 308, 323

Cooper’s International Union, 19

Coppin, Fannie Jackson, 275, 383

Corman, A. B., 210

Cotton compressors, 256

Cotton Jammers’ Association, 370

Cotton Yardmen’s Benevolent Association No. 1, 19

Councill, William H., 327, 387

Courier-Journal, the Louisville, 260

Cox, George, 39

Cox, J. W., 179

Craight, Commandant, 14

Crawford, William, 16

Crawford, J. A., 212, 213

“Creole Negroes,” 271

Crisis, The, 388

Cuba, 172, 218, 257, 259, 375

Culver, Col. A. E., 238

Cummins, Slim, 245

Cuney, Norris Wright, 370

Curran, Joseph, 126

Daniel, Pete, 377

“Daniel and the Lion’s Den”, (Henry Tanner), 388–89

Darkest Africa (Henry Stanley), 375

Dartmouth College, 386

Davis, Jefferson, 81, 371

Davis, M. T., 123

Davis, Richard L., 118–76, 178, 374, 376

Davis, W. H., 65

Davis, W. S., 54

Day, W. C., 77

Day-laborers, 256, 272, 292, 320, 321

Dean, Benjamin, 138

DeBardeleben, Henry Fairchild, 188, 189, 378

Debs, Eugene V., 7, 34, 72, 79, 82, 83–84, 367, 370, 371

Delaya, Paul, 63, 66

Dennis, Thomas, 16

Dentists, 265

Dernell, John C., 6

Desmond, F. T., 105, 106, 107, 109–11, 114, 115

Devlin, Frank J., 385

Dickinson College, 379

Dilcher, Fred, 236–37

Dillingham, Receiver, 83

Dispatch, the Chicago, 205

Disque, Frederick, 20

Disraeli, Benjamin, 386

District Assembly 49 (K of L), 291

Draymen, 23

Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sanford, 379

Dressmakers, 271

Drivers, 256, 280, 281, 282

Dobson, William, 58, 60–61

Dockers’ Union of England, 384

Doctor Huguet: A Novel (Ignatius Donnelly), 298, 301–303

Doctors, 254, 265

Domestics, 256, 272, 321

Donigan, Edward J., 40

Donnelly, Ignatius, 298, 301–303, 386

Douglass, Frederick, 273

Douglass, Stephen A., 104, 109

Dowd, Jerome, 95, 96, 373

DuBois, W. E. B., 15, 298, 329–51, 352–64, 384, 387–88

Duckens, Sam, 243

Duncan, James, 54, 369

Dunman, George, 212

Durden, George, 195

Durham, John, 250, 275, 276–78

Dyer, Josiah B., 26

Eagle, the Brooklyn, 234

East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway Company, 186

Edel Tobacco Company, 33

Edinburgh University, 372

Edmonds, John L., 123–24

Eight-hour day, 173, 193, 376

Elbert, S. A., 264

Electric Wiremen and Linemen’s Union, 35

Ellis, Edward, 242

Emancipation Day, 255

Engineers, 82, 98, 141, 272

England, 279, 285, 294, 367, 374, 380, 383, 388

Engraving and Printing, the U.S. Bureau of, 254

Evans, Christopher, 15, 21, 27, 36, 368

Evans, George Henry, 388

Evans, Jane, 299

Evans, L. B., 12

Evans, Minnie, 299

Eyster, Frank, 225

Fahy, John, 140

Fairley, W. R., 196–97, 209, 218, 219, 236–37, 380

Fannon, Will, 212

Farley, Charley, 197

Farm laborers, 317

Farmers’ Improvement Society, 373

Federal Labor Union of Crawfordsville, Ind., 6

Federation of Organized Trades Unions of the United States of America and Canada, the, 3–4, 367–68. See also American Federation of Labor

Federation of Railway Employees, 82, 83

Felix, Carie, 238

Ferdinand, Gus, 16

Ferrell, Frank J., 384

Fifteenth Amendment, 265

Fifth Illinois Infantry, 226

Filipinos, 237, 375, 381

Finerock, Mose, 210

Fink, H. B., 77

Fisher, H. E., 316

Fisk University, 387

Fitzgerald, William, 126

Fleming, R. P., 23

Floyd, Rev. T. J., 245

Floyd, W. T., 283

Fly, Mayor (of Galveston), 63, 64, 67

Flynn, Edward, 12

Frantz, Lambert, 21

Free Speech, the Memphis, 300

Freisch, F., 20

Freeman, The, 200, 202, 250, 254, 280, 281, 284

Frey, George, 58–61

Frick, Henry Clay, 279, 374, 383

Fry, L. C., 51

Foner, Philip S., 377

Fool’s Errand (Albion Tourgee), 385

Fortune, T. Thomas, 202, 291, 381, 384

Fourierism, 388

Fourteenth Amendment, 194, 380, 381

Fugitive slave laws, 191

Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, 250, 255, 261–62, 382

Furuseth, Andrew, 6, 367

Galveston, Central Texas, and Santa Fe Railroad, 31

Galveston Longshoremen Strike, 2, 62–70

Gardner, Laurene, 148, 167

Garment Cutters’ Association of Philadelphia, 375

Garment Cutters’ Association of Philadelphia, 375

Garrett, H. F., 318–19

Gas Workers Union, 20

Gazette, the Charleston, 170

Geggie, J., 31

General Managers Association, 370–371

Georgia State Federation of Labor, 318, 324, 339

Ghana, 388

Giants, the Cuban, 274–75

Giles, George, 20

Gilliam, Edward L., 264

Girls High School of Philadelphia, 357

Gladstone, William Ewart, 386

Glasgow, “Brother” S., 142–47

Glass Blowers’ Association, 367

Gleason, W. E,, 274

Gliddon, George R., 378

Globe-Democrat, St. Louis, 217

Goldsmith, C. P., 138

Gompers, Samuel, the correspondence of regarding black workers, 8–9, 20–33, 34–52, 84, 86–87, 369; mentioned, 3, 284, 285, 333, 347–48, 369; report to AFL convention, 4; testimony before U.S. Industrial Commission, 324–26.

Good, Will B., 114

Graffenreid, Clare De, 306–307

Graham, D. A., 264

Grain Shovelers, 19, 20

Grand Eight-Hour League, 388

Grandison (“the colored delegate”), Mr., 3

Granger movement, 386

Granite Cutters’ National Union of the United States, 26, 369

Graniteville Manufacturing Company, 386

Graves, Samuel T., 106

Gray, T. P., 123, 124, 148

Great Britain, 157

Great Coal Strike (1894), 156, 375

Great Northern Railroad, 107

Great Strike of 1894 (Robert Ward and William Rogers), 379

Greeley, Horace, 330, 388

Green, W. L., 169

Greene, Ed., 224

Gregg, William E., 386

Gresham, Walter Q., 371

Grigsby, Edward, 77

Guild, the Ladies, 276

Gunton’s Magazine, 95, 96

Gutman, Herbert G., 373

Haiti, 361

Hale, Edward, 20

Hale, M. S., 19

Hampton Institute, 367–68

Hannigan, W. S., 188

Haraldson, T. P., 217

Harris, A. L., 305, 326

Harris, C. J., 309, 311, 314, 315

Harris, George, 154

Harris, Isaac, 223

Harrison, Benjamin, 254, 378, 381

Harvard Law School, 371

Harvard University, 387

Haskins, W. H., 163

Hawaiian Island, 91

Hayes, Denis A., 367

Hayes, Jim, 245

Haymarket Anarchists, 205, 371, 381

Hayward, Thomas, 211, 212, 213

Healy, John, 304–305

Henderson, W. E., 264

Henrietta Mills, 313

Henry, F. C., 221

Henry, Patrick, 193, 379–80

Herald, the Montgomery, 251

Herron, S. P., 179, 180

Hicks, Jim, 243

Higginbottera, W. H., 115

Hill, James J., 370

Hilyer, Frank, 224

History of the United Mine Workers of America (Christopher Evans), 368

Hoar, George F., 266, 382

Hocking Valley Coal Strike (1883–84), 119, 201, 368, 374

Hod-carriers, 325–26

Hod Carriers Union, 36

Holmes, Lizzie M., 250, 260

Holt, James, 138

Homestead Strike (1892), 131, 279, 383

Horn, Charles, 20

Homer, J. B., 26

Horseshoers’ Union, 19, 45

Houston, C. C., 319–21, 347

Houston and Texas Central Railway, 72, 82, 83

How I Found Livingstone (Henry Stanley), 374

Howard, R. B., 12

Howarth, C. Eli, 340

Huff Run Mine, 152

Huie, Lee J., 20

Hume, David, 92, 372

Hungary, 279

Hunter, John M., 6, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 219, 226

Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics, 370

Illinois Central Railroad, 245, 370

Illinois Coal Operators’ Association, 376

Immigrant labor, 80, 86, 91–92, 112, 119, 125–26, 154, 156, 190, 201, 204–05, 252, 276, 277, 279, 292, 308, 318, 321, 324, 328, 344

Indian Mountain Coal Strike (1893), 182

Indianapolis Street Railroad, 280–83

Industrial Commission, the U.S., 91, 298, 371, 376, 387

Industrial Commission, the U.S., hearings before, 304–28: mentioned, 338, 342

Industrial education for Negroes, 250, 266–70, 288, 294, 316–17, 320, 323–24, 327–28, 351, 367–68

Industrial Political Party, 380

Industrial Rights League, 288, 290

Industrial Workers of the World, 367

Ingersoll, D. A., 20

Inland Seamen Port Union, 39

Institute for Colored Youth, 362–63, 383

International Association of Machinists, 51–57, 369

International Boilermakers and Iron Ship Builders’ Union, 20

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 8–9, 367

International Labor Union, 388

International League, 274

International Machinists; Union, 2, 34, 369

International Typographical Union, 372

Inter Ocean, the Chicago, 80, 245, 300, 385

Interstate Commerce Law, 76

Iowa College, 283

Ireland, 279

“Iron-clad oath,” 134, 375

Iron-molder, 89, 322

Iscariot, Judas, 219

Italy, 279

Jackson, A. N., 300

Janitors, 255, 276, 280

Jewelers, 254

“Jim Crow,” 367, 368

John Swinton’s Paper, 201, 202, 380

Johnson, Samuel, 124

Johnson, W. H., 77

Johnston, Lyle, 90

Jones, J. J., 181

Jones, Jerome, 28

Journal of Commerce, the New York, 234, 266

Journal of Labor, the Atlanta, 95, 307, 319

Journal, the Chicago, 233

Kansas City Colored Hod-Carriers, 325–26

Keir, A. M., 18, 19, 20, 22

Kelly, James W., 19

Kelso, W. J., 188, 378

Kendrick, S. R., 300–301

Kennedy, Scalfe, 172

Ketchum, A. R., 19

Kiely, D. H., 224

Kiley, Robert, 225

Killebrew, J. B., 110–112

Kimball, George, 238

King, Albert E., 39

King, Charles, 274

Kirkpatrick, William, 12

Knights of Labor, Noble Order of, 2, 25, 87, 118, 177, 185, 368, 369, 372, 374, 375

Kuhn, Will, 238

Kutlin, Joe, 224

Kyle, James H., 315, 316, 317, 318, 323, 324, 326, 387

Labor Day, 292

Labor Movement: The Problem Today (George McNeill), 388

“Labor question,” 294

Labor Signal, the Indianapolis, 284

Labor Tribune, the Pittsburgh, 201

Labor Unions: African Industrial and Protective League, 218; Afro-American Labor and Protective Association, 200, 218; Alabama State Federation of Labor, 12, 14; Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 374; Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, 84; American Carriers’ Union, 20, 372; Amalgamated Engineers’ Union, 384; American Federation of Labor. See that entry; American Longshoremen’s Union, 291; American Railway Union, 7, 72, 79–80, 83–84, 156, 161, 191, 367, 368, 370, 371; Anti-Strikers’ Railroad Union, 80; Atlanta Federation of Trades, 307, 340; Bakers’ and Confectioners, 19; Barbers’ International Union, 32; Bricklayers’ and Masons’ International Union, 2, 58–62, 370; Broom Makers’ Union, 19; Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 85, 372; Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 82, 83, 85–102, 367, 371; Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, 372; Brotherhood of Firemen and Trainmen, 72; Brotherhood of Locomotive Trainmen, 72; Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators, 20; Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 83, 85, 102–15, 371, 372; Car Drivers Union, 19, 41, 45; Central Labor Union, 9, 27–28, 54, 56, 281, 289, 368; Chicago Trade and Labor Assembly, 370; Cigar Makers’ International Union, 33, 86, 376, 386; Clarksville Colored Labor Union, 27; Clothing Clerks Union, 19; Coachmen’s Benevolent Association, 20; Coachmen’s Union, 20; Coal Wheelers’ Union, 20; Colored Barbers’ Union, 32; Colored Labor and Trades Union, 26; Colored Laborers’ Protective Union, 2, 62, 65, 69; Colored Screwmen’s Association No. 2, 65, 370; Colored Texas Union, 29; Columbus Trades and Labor Council, 372; Coopers’ International Union, 19; Cotton Jammers’ Association, 370; Cotton Yardmen’s Benevolent Association No. 1, 19; Electric Wiremen and Linemen’s Union, 35; Federal Labor Union, 6; Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, 367, 368; Federation of Railway Employees, 82, 83; Garment Cutters’ Association, 375; Gas Workers’ Union, 20; Georgia State Federation of Labor, 318, 324, 339; Grain Shovelers, 19, 20; Granite Cutters; National Union, 26, 369; Hod Carriers Union, 36; Horseshoers Union, 19, 45; Knights of Labor, 25, 177, 185, 368, 369, 372, 374, 375, 381; Longshoremen’s Benevolent Association, 20, 43, 45; Longshoremen’s Union and Protective Association, 385; Machinists of New York and Brooklyn, 50; Marine and Stationary Firemen’s Union, 15, 20, 21, 34, 35, 37, 40; Marine Engineers’ Protective Association, 38, 40, 44, 47–49; Marine Mates, 19; Musicians’ Union, 20, Industrial Workers of the World, 367; Inland Seamen Port Union, 39; International Association of Machinists, 51–57, 369; International Boilermakers and Iron Ship Builders’ Union, 20; International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 8–9, 367; International Labor Union, 388; International Machinists’ Union, 2, 34, 369; International Typographical Union, 372; National Association of Machinists, 2, 50–56; National Building Trades Council of America, 304; National Federation of Miners and Mine Laborers, 369; National Labor Union, 388; National Trade Union, 48; New Basin Teamsters’ Union, 20; New York Printers Union, 388; Ohio Miners’ Amalgamated Association, 368; Order of Railway Clerks, 84; Pile Drivers and Wharf Builders, 20; Plasterers’ Union, 20, 52; Railway Workers Union, 20; Retail Dry Goods Clerks’ Union, 19; Rice Workers’ Union, 20; Round Freight Teamsters and Loaders, 20, 47; Sailors’ Union of the Pacific, 367; Scalesmens’ Union, 20, 47; Screwmen’s Benevolent Association No. 1, 20; Screwmen’s Benevolent Association No. 2, 20; Ship Scrapers’ Union, 20; Shoe Clerks’ Union, 20; Shoemakers’ Union, 367; Sugar Workers’ Protective Union, 20; Switchmen’s Union of North America, 371; Teamsters and Lumber Yardmen, 20; Tobacco Workers’ Union, 33; Triple Alliance, 2; United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 19, 31, 368; United Brotherhood of Railway Porters, 77–78; United Mine Workers of America, 118–97, 200, 368, 369, 374–76, 381; Warehousemen and Packers’ Union, 20, 47; Workingmen’s Amalgamated Council, 2, 15–25. passim. For these and other labor unions, see also, 329–51. For strikes by labor unions, see strikes.

Labor, U.S. Department of, 306

Lacy, Benjamin R., 313–14

Lecompton Constitution, 379

LaFollette Seamen’s Act, 367

Lake Forest University Law School, 372

Lampasas, the, 66

Landry, L. D., 19

Landsworth, Frank, 238

Latham, W. A., 274

Lawyers, 254, 265

Leitsch, A.S., 34, 36, 37

Leonard, James, 18, 19, 22, 24

Liberal Republican Party, 388

Liberia, 257

Liberia College, 382

Lincoln, Abraham, 237

“Little Rhody,” 378

Locomotive Firemen’s Magazine, 97–102, 367

Longshoremen, 62–70, 82, 98, 256, 272

Longshoremen’s Benevolent Association, 20, 43, 45

Longshoremen’s Union Protective Association of Greater New York, 385

Loucks, Thomas C., 224, 226, 233, 236

Louisiana Territory, 379

Lucas, C. A., 20

Luke, Lucas, 69

Lukens, Frank W., 211, 214, 217, 224, 225, 226, 233

Lumber mills operatives, 256, 267

Lumberg, August, 19

Lynching, 382

McAden, J. H., 314

McBride, John, 34, 53, 55, 155, 190, 368, 369, 379

McClellan, J. B., 19

McCraith, Augustine, 33–34, 54, 369

McGavic, David, 220

McGruder, E. M., 32

McGuire, Peter J., 31, 367, 368

Machinists, 29, 50–57, 265, 285, 318

Machinists’ Monthly Journal, 369

Machinists of New York and Brooklyn, 50

McHugh, Edward, 291, 384–85

McKinley, William, 269, 237–38, 375, 383

McNeill, George E., 347, 388

Macon & Augusta Railroad, 387

Mahommed, 301

Mahon, William D., 84, 372

Mail carriers, 254

Mallory Shipping Company, 2

Mallory Steamship Line, 62–70

Man, 388

Managers, 317

Marine and Stationary Firemen’s Union, 15, 20, 21, 34, 35, 37, 40

Marine Engineers’ Protective Association, 38, 40, 44, 47, 48, 49

Marine Mates, 19

Markey, Joseph, 20

Markham, Edwin, 104, 373

Martin, Ernest, 100

Martin, J. W., 83

Martin, Sam, 166

Marx, Karl, 373

“Mary Lee Disaster,” 379

Mason and Dixon Line, 7, 9, 99, 109, 286

Mechanics, 271–72, 275, 284, 310, 320

Melarober, E. J., 19

Memphis Industrial League, 321

Mercer University, 387

Merchants, 265

Merser, A. B., 163

Messer, William, 226

Methodist Episcopal Church, 383

Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, 384

Mexico, 76, 299, 321

Meyers, J. C., 32

Midvale Steel Works, 356

Miller, Charles, 243

Miller, Edward B., 321–24

Miller, James P., 77

Miners, 119–97, 200–48, 322

Miners’ Association of Durham, 380

Miners’ National Association of Great Britain, 380

Mining machine, 175

Mississippi Valley Railroad, 16

Missouri Compromise, 191, 379

Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, 83

Mitchell, John, 208, 239, 381

Moake, William, 24

Molz, Edward, 210

Monier, J. A., 19

Montana Central Railroad, 107

Montt, Jorge, 385

Moore, Dorsey, 20

Moran, M. F., 123

Morgan, A. W., 224

Morgan, J. F., 77

Morgan, Thomas J., 55, 56, 370

Morice, O., 20

Morrison, Frank, 85, 369, 372

Morton, J. M., 191

Moses, B., 20

Mosley, J. H. F., 12

Musicians’ Union, 20

My Life and Work (Rev. Alexander Walters), 384

Myers, Ed., 222

Nagle, Philip, 18

Nassau, 371

National Agricultural Labourers’ Union, 387

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 388

National Association of Machinists, 2, 50–56

National Building Trades Council of America, 304

National Citizens Rights Association, 298, 300, 385

National Civic Federation, 371, 381

National Federation of Miners and Mine Laborers, 369

National Labor Union, 388

National Reform Association, 388

National Trade Union, 48

Negro Artisan (W. E. B. DuBois), 329–51

Negro in Africa and America (Joseph Tillinghast), 383

“Negro Problem,” 277

“Negro question,” 294

Negrophobia, 230

Neill, C. S., 181

New Age, the London, 294

New Basin Teamsters, 20

New Century Guild of Philadelphia, 275

New Orleans General Strike (1852), 2, 10, 15–25, 325, 367, 387

“New South,” 23

New York Central Railroad, 372

New York Herald, 374

New York Printers’ Union, 388

New York Tribune, 388

New York Workingman’s Advocate, 388

News and Courier, the Charleston, 246

Niagara Movement, 388

Nihilism, 94–95, 373

Nixon, William, 126

Noel, R. H., 192

Northern Pacific Coal Company, 189

Norton, George L., 2, 34–49

Norway, 279, 367

Nott, Josiah C., 378

Nugent, John, 125, 132, 137, 154, 374

Oakland Normal School, 373

Oberlin College, 383, 387

O’Connell, James P., 52–53, 163, 369

O’Connor, John, 382

Odd Fellows, Fraternal Order of, 181

O’Donne11, Edward, 54

Ohio Central Fuel Company, 159

Ohio Coal Operators, 376

Ohio Miners Amalgamated Association, 368

Ohio State Journal, the, 131, 133

“Old Dog,” 173–74

Old World, 80

Olney, Richard, 80, 371

O’Neill, J. E., 274

Order of Railway Clerks, 84

Organization of Railway Companies, 372

Orr, Jack, 197

Orr, James L., 309–10

O’Sullivan, John F., 33–34

O. V. Catto Primary School, 362

Overgard, Charles P., 29–30

Ovington, Mary White, 15

Organization of Railway Trainmen, 372

Oxford University, 383, 386

Pace, H. H., 14

Painters, 265, 267, 271–72, 321

Palmers College of Shorthand, 354

Pana Coal Company, 223

Pan-African Conferences, 388

Pana-Virden Strike (1898), 195–96, 207–48, 336, 380, 381

Panic of 1893, 375

Paris Commune, 382

Paris Peace Conference of 1919, 369

Parke Brothers and Company, 277

Partington, John, 126

Patrick, George A., 65

Patrick, Harvey, 63

Pearce, W. C., 163, 176

Penna, Phil. H., 162

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 388

Pennsylvania Railroad, 359

Penwell, George V., 210, 220

People’s Party, 379

Perkins, George W., 305–306, 386

Peters, George H., 97

Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, 375

Philadelphia and West Chester Trolley Line, 7

Philadelphia Negro (W. E. B. DuBois), 352–64

Philadelphia, the economic condition of blacks in, 352–64

Philippines, 238, 375

Photographers, 254

Picayune, the New Orleans, 82

Piedmont Manufacturing Company, 309

Pile Drivers and Wharf Builders, 20

Pinkerton detectives, 374

Plasterers’ Union, 20, 52

Plasterers, 265, 267, 310, 321

Plessey V. Ferguson, 298

“Pluck-rae system,” 201, 380

Plumbers, 265

Pocahontas Coal Field, 375

Police Gazette, the, 133

Policemen, 271

Poll tax, 299

Populist-Labor ticket, 379

Populist Party, 373, 386, 387

Porter, James E., 18, 19, 20, 22, 45, 46, 368

Porters, 256, 306

Porters, sleeping car. See United Brotherhood of Railway Porters, 77–78

Post, the Pittsburgh, 246

Powderly, Terrence V., 161, 285, 375

Powell, Fred, 174

Pratt, Daniel, 378

Pratt Mines, 188–89

Prentice, Will, 243

Press and Banner, the Abbeville, 251

Press, the New York, 234

Preston, Thomas, 224

Price, Rev. Theophilus, 282–83

Pringleton, R. H., 217

Printers, 290–91, 292

Proffitt, Cass, 238

Pullman, “Count,” 78

Pullman, George M., 370

Pullman Palace Car Company, 72–80, 370

Pullman porters, 72, 73–78

Pullman Porters’ Strike (1890), 78

Pullman Strike (1894), 78–82

Puryear, J. A., 282

Radicals, 380

Railroad firemen, 82, 85–102, 256, 271, 313–14

Railroad Trainmen’s Journal, 102–15

Railway Education Association, 343

Railway Managers Association, 85

Rapier, James T., 251

Ratchford, Michael D., 163, 170, 172, 209, 307–24 passim, 375

Ream, John F., 194

Rector, Henry, 193

“Redeemers,” 387

Reed, George, 126

Reese, E. W., 20

Reilly, Hy, 19

Reminiscences of School Life, (Fanny Coppin), 383

Rend, W. P., 131, 162

Rennie, Thomas H., 311–13

Reno, Z. T., 43

“Resurrection of Lazarus” (Henry Tanner), 389

Retail Dry Goods Clerks’ Union, 19

Rhodes, John R., 179

Rhodes, Robert R., 2, 58–62

Rice Workers’ Union, 20

Richard, Ed., 243

Riddle, William, 174

Riley, William R., 118, 126, 140, 177–83, 376

Riverboat hands, 256

Roanoke College, 263

Roberts, J. C., 26–27

Robert Vaux Grammar School, 362–63

Robinson, Cal, 195

Robinson, Jack, 186

Robinson, W. H., 274

Rock Island Line, 82

Roosevelt, Franklin, 372

Roosevelt, Theodore, 383

Ross, David, 208

Round Freight Teamsters and Loaders, 20, 47

Rowland, C. C., 223

Rowlands, John, 374

Ruffin, R. L., 216–17, 218

Russell, John W., 208

Russell, W. R., 247

Ryan, Ervin, 224

Ryan, W. D., 176, 208, 211

Sach, Charles, 18

Sailors’ Union of the Pacific, 367

St. Cloud, N. E., 25

St. Louis Longshoremen Strike (1892), 37, 38

Salesmen, 277

Saleswomen, 275, 276

Samuels, Adam, 242

Santa Fe Railroad, 29, 31

Sargent, Frank P., 82, 87, 88 371

Scalemen’s Union, 20, 47

Scarborough, William S., 265, 382

Schaeffer, Louis, 20

Schelin, V., 15, 21

Scotland, 369, 372, 382

Scott, Charles L., 251

Scott, Dred, 191, 379

Scott, Matt, 126

Scott, R. A., 191

Screwmens’ Benevolent Association No. 1, 20

Screwmens’ Benevolent Association No. 2, 20

Scrimgeour, Charles, 64

“Script,” 380

Scrubbers, 255

Seaboard Air Line, 95

Seamen, 39

Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, 254

Section hands, 272

Seventy Years of Life and Labor (Samuel Gompers), 367

Shakespeare, William, 109

Sharp, Joe, 194

Shaw, J. T., 217

Shen, James, 243

Sherman, H. W., 8–9, 367

Ship Scrapers’ Union, 20

Shoe Clerks Union, 20

Shoemakers, 265

Shoemakers’ Union, 367

“Show,” 377

Simmons, G. H., 179

Skilled craftsmen, 252, 254, 260, 268, 284, 318

Skinner, Samuel, 126

Slavery, 81, 92, 108, 169, 184–85, 202, 268, 271–72, 277, 279, 280, 324, 330

Smith, Ellis, 224

Smith, Hamilton, 186

Smith, Joseph, W., 299

Smith, R. L., 104, 373

Smith, Ross, 223

Smith, W. H., 252

Smyth, E, A., 306–24 passim

Snodgrass, Sinthy, 184

“Social Darwinism,” 383

Social Democratic Federation, 384

Social Democratic Party, 367, 370

Socialist Labor Party, 368

Socialists, 294

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 383

South America, 270

Southern Industrial Convention, 94, 264, 327, 339

Southern Manufacturers’ Club, 313

Southern Pacific Railroad, 29, 87, 371

Southern Railway Company, 15

Sovereign, James R., 161, 375

Spain, 171, 258, 259

Spanish-American War, 375, 382

Sparks, Bailey, 65

“Special agents,” 74

Speiss, George, 19

Spring Garden Institute, 354

Spring Valley Strike (1894), 203–06

Strikes: Coal Creek Strike (1891), 179; Galveston Longshoremen’s Strike (1898), 2, 62–70; Great Coal Strike (1894), 156, 375; Hocking Valley Coal Strike (1883–84), 119, 201, 368, 374; Homestead Strike (1892), 131, 279, 383; Indian Mountain (Ala.) Coal Strike (1893), 182; Kansas City Colored Hod-Carriers (1900), 325–26; New Orleans General Strike (1892), 2, 10, 15–25, 325, 367, 387; Pana-Virden Strike (1898), 195–96, 207–48, 336, 380; Pullman Porters’ Strike (1890), 78; Pullman Strike (1894), 78–82; Seamen’s Strike of St. Louis, 39; Spring Valley Strike (1894), 203–06; St. Louis Longshoremen’s Strike (1892), 37–38. For strike by whites against black workers, see also 345–46

S. S. White Dental Company, 356

Stachling, Louis, 19

Stanley, Sir Henry Morton, 374

Stationary engineers, 256

Stationary firemen, 7, 15

Steinrod, A. L., 174

Stemons, James Samuel, 8, 286–90

Stenographers, 276

Stephenson, Henry, 122, 123

Stevedores, 202

Stevens, Henry, 238

Stevens, L. B., 80

Stevens, Uriah S., 161, 375

Stewart’s Furnature Factory, 358

Stinby, W. R., 107

Stone-masons, 308, 321

Story of Coal and Iron in Alabama (Ethel Armes), 378

Street, H. G., 194

Strickler, Cyrus, 238

Strikebreakers, 11, 95, 120, 127, 150, 151, 156, 175, 186, 187–88, 195, 201–48, 263, 338

Sucker, Eli, 243

Sugar Workers’ Protective Union, 20

Sullivan, Daniel, J., 53, 56, 57

Sullivan, D. H., 164, 172

Sullivan, J. J., 207–209

Sunday Creek Coal Company, 131

Suppression of the African Slave Trade (W. E. B. DuBois), 387

Supreme Court, the U.S., 228

Sweden, 279

Sweeney, F. S., 83, 371

Sweeney, W. Allison, 264

Swinton, John, 380

Switchmen, 83, 110

Switchmen’s Association, 83

Switchmen’s Union of North America, 371

Szegedy, Henry W., 6

Tabor, C. C., 29–30

Taft, William Howard, 383

Tailors, 265, 271–72

Tammany Hall, 330, 388

Tanner, Henry O., 388

Tanner, John R., 200, 208, 211, 213, 214, 220, 221, 224, 226, 228, 230, 231, 232–33, 234–36, 237, 240, 245–46, 371, 381

Tanner, S. B., 313

Taylor, J. D., 77

Taylor, R. H., 186

Teamsters, 16, 23, 306

Teamsters and Lumber Yardmen, 20

Telegraph, the Macon, 246

Telegraph, the Philadelphia, 204

Temple and Galveston Texas Railroad, 31

Temple College, 361

Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia Railway Company, 377

Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company, 188, 189, 192, 378

Tensas Basin, 271

Textile factory operatives, 252, 256, 266, 273, 306–07, 309, 310, 311, 315–16

Thirteenth Amendment, 18

Thomas, Joshua, 140

Thomas, L. R., 6

Thompson, N. F., 264, 327

Through the Dark Continent (Sir Henry M. Stanley), 375

Tidwell, Pete., 192

Tillinghast, James Alexander, 270–72

Tillinghast, Joseph A., The Negro in Africa and America (1902), 383

Tillman, Benjamin, 230, 373

Times-Herald, the Chicago, 245

Times, the Philadelphia, 274

Times-Union, the Jacksonville, 205

Tinners, 265, 267

Toombs, Robert, 276, 383

Tobacco Workers’ National Union, 33

Tobin, John F., 367

Tourgee, Albion W., 298–301, 385

Tracey, J., 20

Trackmen, 89

Tradesmen, The, 93, 250, 252–53, 261, 350

Trainmen, 102–15

Treaty of Paris, 375

Tribune, the Detroit, 205

Triple Alliance, 2

Turner, Bishop Henry M., 257, 381

Turner Brass Works, 342

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, 250, 266–67, 382, 383

Types of Mankind (George Gliddon and Josiah Nott), 378

Typewriters, 275

Undertakers, 254

Underwood, O. H., 193–94, 380

Union Record, the St. Louis, 278–79

Unions. See labor unions and organizations. See also under individual names.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 19, 31, 368

United Brotherhood of Railway Porters, 77–78

United Confederate Veterans, 14

United Mine Workers’ Journal, 118, 119, 123, 127, 138, 140, 142, 144, 147, 152, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 172, 175, 179, 181, 183, 186, 187, 377, 378

United Mine Workers of America, 118, 119–97, 200, 368, 369, 374, 375–76, 381

United States of America, 76, 92, 99, 161, 200, 237, 258, 263, 285, 298, 347, 369, 372, 375, 380, 382, 385

U.S.S. Baltimore, 385

“Universal Brotherhood of Man,” 51

University Club, 354

University of Illinois, 387

University of Rochester, 385

Up From Slavery (Booker T. Washington), 368

Valentine, H. N., 77

Venezuela, 251

Vickers, Albert, 238

Von Der Ahe, Chris, 274

Waiters, 256, 276, 280, 292

Wales, 279

Walker, Jim, 216

Walker, Norman, 272

Wallace, Dan, 160–61

Walters, Rev. Alexander, 291, 384

Ward, Robert and Rogers William, The Great Strike of 1894 (1965), 379

Warehousemen, 256

Warehousemen and Packers’ Union, 20, 47

Washerwomen, 105, 314

Washington, Booker T., 11, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 115, 118, 226, 99, 100, 101, 104, 115, 118, 226, 241, 250, 260, 266–68, 294, 327, 332, 367–68, 373, 382, 383, 384, 388

Washington College, 378

Weaver, G. G., 176

Webb, William C., 179, 180–81, 377

Webster, Daniel, 386

Welch, Curt, 274

Wells, Don D., 283

Wells, Ida B.,

Wesley, John, 269–383

West Indies, 321

Westbrook, W. T., 265

Western & Atlantic Company, 381

Western Theological Seminary, 387

Weymueller, Fred, 174

Whalen, Andrew, 16

Wheelwrights, 265

White, C. H., 20

White, James H., 25

“White Man’s Burden,” 90

White-washers, 280

Whittaker, S. J., 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109–11, 112, 114

Wilberforce University, 265, 382

Wilcox Vindicator, the, 251, 252

Wilkins, O. T., 194

Wilkinson, S. E., 83, 371

Wilkinson, Thomas, 126

William Parr & Company, 65

Wilson, D. Douglas, 369

Williams, D. S., 162

Williams, D. U., 12

Williams, Edward, 65

Williams, F. B., 12

Williams, Landonia, 264

“Willing Hands,” 127, 133, 140, 178, 180, 377

Wilson, D. B., 172

Wilson, Douglas, 51

Wilson, G. F., 20

Wilson, James Falconer, 269, 382–83

Wilson, John T., 85, 341

Wilson, Richard, 126

Wilson, W. B., 121

Wilson, Woodrow, 372

Winfrey, J. W., 20

Winters, F. L., 20

Wood, C. C., 123

Workingmen’s Amalgamated Council, 2, 15–25 passim

Workingmen’s Clubs, 277

Worsham, George, 220

Wright, A. D., 107–108

Wright, Sr., Richard R., 255, 381

Yale Law School, 381

Young, Steve, 222

Young, Thomas, 16

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