Academie Julian, 388
Africa, 99, 101, 102, 111, 136, 185, 270, 271, 340, 382
African Industrial and Protective League, 218
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 191, 361
Afro-American Labor and Protective Association, 200, 218
Afro-American League, 291, 384–85
Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, 372
Allegheny Mountains, 367
Agricultural College of Alabama, 94–95
Alexander, Henry, 16
Alexander II, Czar of Russia, 373
Alabama State Federation of Labor, 12, 14
Alabama State Gazette, the 251
Alliances, the farmers’, 373
Almundsen, Deputy Chief of Police, 63, 64
Altgeld, John P., 80, 371, 381
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 374
Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, 84, 372
Amalgamated Engineers’ Union, 384
American Carriers Union, 20
American Federation of Labor, founded, 3–4; and the racial bar, 2, 4–5, 8–9, 32–33, 41–42, 48, 49–57, 59–61, 84, 86–89, 256–57, 326, 332–33, 342, 372 conventions, 3–4
American Longshoremen’s Union, 291
American Railway Union, 7, 72, 79–80, 83–84, 156, 161, 191, 367, 368, 370, 371
American Wool and Cotton Reporter, the 260
Anarchism, 373
Anarchy, 94–95
Anderson, Benjamin, 207
Anderson, Jack, 207
Anderson, James, 65
Anti-Monopolist, 386
Anti-Strikers’ Railroad Union, 80
Arbitration, Illinois State Board of, 208
Armand, Paul, 20
Armes, Ethel, The Story of Coal and Iron in Alabama (1910), 378
Armstrong, S. C., 193
Arnold, Benedict, 219
Arthur, Chester A., 384
Associated Press, 161
Aston, Harry E., 50
Atlanta Cotton Mills, 102, 111, 387
Atlanta Federation of Trades, 307, 340
Atlanta University, 14, 298, 350
Attucks, Crispus, 330
Atwood, William, 126
Bakers and Confectioners, 19
Baldwin, J. B., 43
“Banjo Lesson” (Henry Tanner), 388
Baptist Tribune, the, 251
Barbers International Union, 32
Barrie, James L., 27
Beasley, D. E., 77
Belgium, 270
Bell, Edward P., 20
Bessemer Rolling Mills, 264
Best, J., 54
Birmingham Commercial Club, 327
Birmingham Typographical Union, 14
Black, John, 245
Black Diamond Mines, 123
“Black list,” 174
“Black marbles,” 373
Black Reconstruction in America, (W. E. B. DuBois), 387–88
Black workers, as convicts and ex-convicts, 26, 29–30, 31, 201–202, 209–10, 226, 230, 235–36, 242–44, 308, 323, 377; as strikebreakers, 11, 95, 120, 127, 150, 151, 156, 175, 186, 187–88, 195, 200–48, 263, 338; as authors, 254; blacksmiths, 89, 141, 256, 265, 271–72, 273, 276, 321; boilertenders, 256; bookkeepers, 275, 277; bootblacks, 292; brakemen, 110; bricklayers, 58–62, 256, 265, 276, 272, 275, 310, 312–13, 317, 318, 321; cabinet-makers, 265; carriage-makers, 265; carpenters, 14, 89, 141, 256, 265, 267, 271–72, 275, 276, 314, 317, 319, 321; cigar-makers, 272; clerks, 273, 275; coachmen, 256, 282, 292; conductors, 82, 281; contractors, 265, 268, 312; cotton compressors, 256; day-laborers, 256, 272, 292, 320, 321; dentists, 265; doctors, 254, 265; domestics, 256, 272, 321; draymen, 23; dressmakers, 271; drivers, 256, 280–82; editors, 254; engineers, 82, 98, 141, 272; farm laborers, 317; hod-carriers, 325–26; iron-molder, 89, 322; janitors, 255, 276, 280; jewelers, 254; lawyers, 254, 265; longshoremen, 62–70, 82, 98, 256, 272; lumber mill operators, 256, 267; machinists, 29, 50–57, 265, 285, 318; mail carriers, 254; managers, 317; mechanics, 271–72, 275, 284, 310, 320; merchants, 265;-miners, 119–97, 200–48, 322; motormen, 280, 281; painters, 265, 267, 271–72, 321; photographers, 254; plasterers, 265, 267, 310, 321; plumbers, 265; policemen, 271; porters, 256, 306; printers, 290–92; pullman porters, 73–78; railroad firemen, 82, 85–102, 256, 271, 313–14; riverboat hands, 256; scrubbers, 255; sectionhands, 272; seamen, 39; shoemakers, 265; skilled craftsmen, 252, 254, 260, 268, 284, 318; stationary engineers, 256; stationary firemen, 7, 15; stenographer, 276; stevedores, 202; stone-masons, 308, 321; switchmen, 83, 110; slaesmen, 277; saleswomen, 275, 276; tailors, 265, 271–72; textile factory operatives, 252, 256, 266, 273, 306–307, 309–11, 315–16; teamsters, 16, 23, 306; tinners, 265, 267; trackmen, 89; trainmen, 102–15; typewriters, 275; undertakers, 254; washerwomen, 105, 314; warehousemen, 256; waiters, 256, 276, 280, 292; wheelwrights, 265; white-washers, 280. For a tabulation and analysis of black workers in these and other occupations, see also 329–64.
“Blacklegs,” 119, 124, 135, 166, 175, 186, 188, 189, 236, 374. See also, strikebreakers.
Balmaceda, Jose Manuel, 385
Blackshear, John J. 264
Blacksmiths, 89, 141, 256, 265, 271–72, 273, 276, 321
Blaine, James G., 186, 378, 385
“Bleeding Kansas,” 241
Burns, John, 384
Boilertenders, 256
Bokenfohr, Jack, 18
Bond, Thomas, 77
Bootblacks, 292
Boston Leader, the, 388
Boston Massacre, 330
Boy, Alex, 243
Boyle, J. E., 19
Boyle, John, 274
Bradley, Huse, 245
Bragg, A. W., 77
Brakemen, 110
Brannick, William, 47
Brennaman, Abe, 224
Bricklayers, 58–62, 256, 265, 267, 272, 275, 310, 312–13, 314, 317, 318, 321
Bricklayers’ and Masons’ International Union, 2, 58–62, 370
Bridvell, J. W., 307–309
Brillault, E. P., 20
Broadman, Louis, 210
Brooks, Silas, 12
Broom Makers’ Union, 19
Brotherhood of Firemen and Trainmen, 72
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 85, 372
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 82, 83, 85–102, 367, 371
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, 372
Brotherhood of Locomotive Trainmen, 72
Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators, 20
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 83, 85, 102–15, 371, 372
Brotherhood of Railway Workers, 20
Brown, J. L., 19
Brown, Polk, 112
Brown University, 371
Brown, W. C., 10
Browns, the St. Louis, 274–75
Buchanan, James, 190–379
Buhler, George, 19
Bullock, Rufus, B., 315–16, 387
Bureau of Engraving, the U.S., 250
Bureau of Immigration, the U.S., 91
Bureau of Labor Statistics of North Carolina, 95
Bureau of Statistics, the Illinois, 208
Burke, Nicholas, 18
Burns, John, 284
Burrell, Hy, 20
Butler, Aaron, 20
Cabinet-makers, 265
Cable, George W., 382
Cahaba Coal Field, 186
Cain, C. W., 176
Caldwell, M. W., 77
Call, Charles, 140
Call, Thomas, 222
Callaghan, John M., 18, 19, 20, 22–23, 40–48, 368
Camack, William, 186
Cansler, Mrs. William, 247–48
Caribbean Archipelago, 270
Carlton, Tom, 14
Carlyle, Thomas, The French Revolution (1837), 204, 381
Carpenter, The, 368
Carpenters, 14, 89, 141, 256, 265, 267, 271–72, 275, 276, 314, 317, 319, 321
Carriage-makers, 265
Carroll, W. W., 224
Carter, William S., 85–87, 372
Caruthers, R. L., 274
Carver, George Washington, 382
Cease, D. L., 113
Central High School of Philadelphia, 354, 363
Central Labor union, 9, 27–28, 54, 56, 281, 289, 368
Chandler & Taylor “Color Strike,” 278
Chandler, Allen D., 316–18, 387
Chandler, William E., 266, 382
Charles, M. A., 77
Chattanooga Southern Railroad, 377
“Check-off” system, 380
Chicago and Alton Railroad, 224
Chicago Conservator, the, 273
Chicago Law College, 370
Chicago Police Force, 224
Chicago Trade and Labor Assembly, 370
Chicago-Virden Coal Company, 200, 211, 224, 225, 233
Christian Recorder, the, 200
Christy, L. E., 264
Chronicle, the Chicago, 233
Church of England, 383
Cigar-makers, 272
Cigar-Makers International Union, 33, 86, 367, 386
Cincinnati Enquirer, the, 133
Citizens Equal Rights Association, 385
Citizens Railroad Company of Indianapolis, 283
Civil Service Commission, the U.S., 254
Clark, E. E., 341
Clarke Solar Iron Works, 277
Clarkson, William H., 224
Clarksville Colored Labor Union, 27
Clemo, J. L., 176
Cleveland, Grover, 80, 371, 375, 378
Clothing Clerks, 19
Cloud, George, 243
Clover Leaf Railroad, 223
Coal Creek Strike (1891), 179
Coal Strike Arbitration Commission, 341
Coal-cutting machines, 376
Coal Wheelers, 20
Coachmen’s Benevolent Association, 20
Coachmen’s Union, 20
Coburn, Frank, 238
Coco, Xavier Le, 238
Coffin, John P., 327–28
Coleman, Lewis, 151–52
Coles, R. T., 29
Colonization of Negroes, 310
Colored American, the, 230
Colored Barbers Union, 32
Colored Labor and Trades Union, 26
Colored Laborer’s Protective Union, 2, 62, 65, 69
Colored Mining Company of Carthage, Missouri, 183
Colored Screwmen’s Association, No. 2, 65, 370
Colored Texas Union, 29
Colquitt, Governor, 381
Columbus Record, the, 369
Columbus Trades and Labor Council, 372
Commercial Appeal, the Memphis, 205
Communist Party, 388
Confederate States of America, 371
Congo Coal Company, 133–34, 136, 137, 139–40, 168–69, 172, 173
Congo Free State, 374
Conners, John H., 19
Constitution, the Atlanta, 95, 265, 307
Constitution, the U.S., 235
Convicts and ex-convicts, 26, 29–30, 31, 201–202, 209–10, 226, 230, 235–36, 242–44, 308, 323
Cooper’s International Union, 19
Coppin, Fannie Jackson, 275, 383
Corman, A. B., 210
Cotton compressors, 256
Cotton Jammers’ Association, 370
Cotton Yardmen’s Benevolent Association No. 1, 19
Councill, William H., 327, 387
Courier-Journal, the Louisville, 260
Cox, George, 39
Cox, J. W., 179
Craight, Commandant, 14
Crawford, William, 16
“Creole Negroes,” 271
Crisis, The, 388
Culver, Col. A. E., 238
Cummins, Slim, 245
Cuney, Norris Wright, 370
Curran, Joseph, 126
Daniel, Pete, 377
“Daniel and the Lion’s Den”, (Henry Tanner), 388–89
Darkest Africa (Henry Stanley), 375
Dartmouth College, 386
Davis, M. T., 123
Davis, Richard L., 118–76, 178, 374, 376
Davis, W. H., 65
Davis, W. S., 54
Day, W. C., 77
Day-laborers, 256, 272, 292, 320, 321
Dean, Benjamin, 138
DeBardeleben, Henry Fairchild, 188, 189, 378
Debs, Eugene V., 7, 34, 72, 79, 82, 83–84, 367, 370, 371
Dennis, Thomas, 16
Dentists, 265
Dernell, John C., 6
Desmond, F. T., 105, 106, 107, 109–11, 114, 115
Devlin, Frank J., 385
Dickinson College, 379
Dilcher, Fred, 236–37
Dillingham, Receiver, 83
Dispatch, the Chicago, 205
Disque, Frederick, 20
Disraeli, Benjamin, 386
District Assembly 49 (K of L), 291
Draymen, 23
Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sanford, 379
Dressmakers, 271
Dockers’ Union of England, 384
Doctor Huguet: A Novel (Ignatius Donnelly), 298, 301–303
Donigan, Edward J., 40
Donnelly, Ignatius, 298, 301–303, 386
Douglass, Frederick, 273
Douglass, Stephen A., 104, 109
DuBois, W. E. B., 15, 298, 329–51, 352–64, 384, 387–88
Duckens, Sam, 243
Dunman, George, 212
Durden, George, 195
Durham, John, 250, 275, 276–78
Dyer, Josiah B., 26
Eagle, the Brooklyn, 234
East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway Company, 186
Edel Tobacco Company, 33
Edinburgh University, 372
Edmonds, John L., 123–24
Elbert, S. A., 264
Electric Wiremen and Linemen’s Union, 35
Ellis, Edward, 242
Emancipation Day, 255
England, 279, 285, 294, 367, 374, 380, 383, 388
Engraving and Printing, the U.S. Bureau of, 254
Evans, Christopher, 15, 21, 27, 36, 368
Evans, George Henry, 388
Evans, Jane, 299
Evans, L. B., 12
Evans, Minnie, 299
Eyster, Frank, 225
Fahy, John, 140
Fairley, W. R., 196–97, 209, 218, 219, 236–37, 380
Fannon, Will, 212
Farley, Charley, 197
Farm laborers, 317
Farmers’ Improvement Society, 373
Federal Labor Union of Crawfordsville, Ind., 6
Federation of Organized Trades Unions of the United States of America and Canada, the, 3–4, 367–68. See also American Federation of Labor
Federation of Railway Employees, 82, 83
Felix, Carie, 238
Ferdinand, Gus, 16
Ferrell, Frank J., 384
Fifteenth Amendment, 265
Fifth Illinois Infantry, 226
Finerock, Mose, 210
Fink, H. B., 77
Fisher, H. E., 316
Fisk University, 387
Fitzgerald, William, 126
Fleming, R. P., 23
Floyd, Rev. T. J., 245
Floyd, W. T., 283
Fly, Mayor (of Galveston), 63, 64, 67
Flynn, Edward, 12
Frantz, Lambert, 21
Free Speech, the Memphis, 300
Freisch, F., 20
Freeman, The, 200, 202, 250, 254, 280, 281, 284
Frey, George, 58–61
Frick, Henry Clay, 279, 374, 383
Fry, L. C., 51
Foner, Philip S., 377
Fool’s Errand (Albion Tourgee), 385
Fortune, T. Thomas, 202, 291, 381, 384
Fourierism, 388
Fourteenth Amendment, 194, 380, 381
Fugitive slave laws, 191
Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, 250, 255, 261–62, 382
Galveston, Central Texas, and Santa Fe Railroad, 31
Galveston Longshoremen Strike, 2, 62–70
Garment Cutters’ Association of Philadelphia, 375
Garment Cutters’ Association of Philadelphia, 375
Garrett, H. F., 318–19
Gas Workers Union, 20
Gazette, the Charleston, 170
Geggie, J., 31
General Managers Association, 370–371
Georgia State Federation of Labor, 318, 324, 339
Ghana, 388
Giants, the Cuban, 274–75
Giles, George, 20
Gilliam, Edward L., 264
Girls High School of Philadelphia, 357
Gladstone, William Ewart, 386
Glasgow, “Brother” S., 142–47
Glass Blowers’ Association, 367
Gleason, W. E,, 274
Gliddon, George R., 378
Globe-Democrat, St. Louis, 217
Goldsmith, C. P., 138
Gompers, Samuel, the correspondence of regarding black workers, 8–9, 20–33, 34–52, 84, 86–87, 369; mentioned, 3, 284, 285, 333, 347–48, 369; report to AFL convention, 4; testimony before U.S. Industrial Commission, 324–26.
Good, Will B., 114
Graffenreid, Clare De, 306–307
Graham, D. A., 264
Grand Eight-Hour League, 388
Grandison (“the colored delegate”), Mr., 3
Granger movement, 386
Granite Cutters’ National Union of the United States, 26, 369
Graniteville Manufacturing Company, 386
Graves, Samuel T., 106
Great Britain, 157
Great Coal Strike (1894), 156, 375
Great Northern Railroad, 107
Great Strike of 1894 (Robert Ward and William Rogers), 379
Green, W. L., 169
Greene, Ed., 224
Gregg, William E., 386
Gresham, Walter Q., 371
Grigsby, Edward, 77
Guild, the Ladies, 276
Gutman, Herbert G., 373
Haiti, 361
Hale, Edward, 20
Hale, M. S., 19
Hampton Institute, 367–68
Hannigan, W. S., 188
Haraldson, T. P., 217
Harris, C. J., 309, 311, 314, 315
Harris, George, 154
Harris, Isaac, 223
Harrison, Benjamin, 254, 378, 381
Harvard Law School, 371
Harvard University, 387
Haskins, W. H., 163
Hawaiian Island, 91
Hayes, Denis A., 367
Hayes, Jim, 245
Haymarket Anarchists, 205, 371, 381
Hayward, Thomas, 211, 212, 213
Healy, John, 304–305
Henderson, W. E., 264
Henrietta Mills, 313
Henry, F. C., 221
Herald, the Montgomery, 251
Hicks, Jim, 243
Higginbottera, W. H., 115
Hill, James J., 370
Hilyer, Frank, 224
History of the United Mine Workers of America (Christopher Evans), 368
Hocking Valley Coal Strike (1883–84), 119, 201, 368, 374
Hod-carriers, 325–26
Hod Carriers Union, 36
Holt, James, 138
Homestead Strike (1892), 131, 279, 383
Horn, Charles, 20
Homer, J. B., 26
Houston and Texas Central Railway, 72, 82, 83
How I Found Livingstone (Henry Stanley), 374
Howard, R. B., 12
Howarth, C. Eli, 340
Huff Run Mine, 152
Huie, Lee J., 20
Hungary, 279
Hunter, John M., 6, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 219, 226
Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics, 370
Illinois Central Railroad, 245, 370
Illinois Coal Operators’ Association, 376
Immigrant labor, 80, 86, 91–92, 112, 119, 125–26, 154, 156, 190, 201, 204–05, 252, 276, 277, 279, 292, 308, 318, 321, 324, 328, 344
Indian Mountain Coal Strike (1893), 182
Indianapolis Street Railroad, 280–83
Industrial Commission, the U.S., 91, 298, 371, 376, 387
Industrial Commission, the U.S., hearings before, 304–28: mentioned, 338, 342
Industrial education for Negroes, 250, 266–70, 288, 294, 316–17, 320, 323–24, 327–28, 351, 367–68
Industrial Political Party, 380
Industrial Rights League, 288, 290
Industrial Workers of the World, 367
Ingersoll, D. A., 20
Inland Seamen Port Union, 39
Institute for Colored Youth, 362–63, 383
International Association of Machinists, 51–57, 369
International Boilermakers and Iron Ship Builders’ Union, 20
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 8–9, 367
International Labor Union, 388
International League, 274
International Machinists; Union, 2, 34, 369
International Typographical Union, 372
Inter Ocean, the Chicago, 80, 245, 300, 385
Interstate Commerce Law, 76
Iowa College, 283
Ireland, 279
Iscariot, Judas, 219
Italy, 279
Jackson, A. N., 300
Jewelers, 254
John Swinton’s Paper, 201, 202, 380
Johnson, Samuel, 124
Johnson, W. H., 77
Johnston, Lyle, 90
Jones, J. J., 181
Jones, Jerome, 28
Journal of Commerce, the New York, 234, 266
Journal of Labor, the Atlanta, 95, 307, 319
Journal, the Chicago, 233
Kansas City Colored Hod-Carriers, 325–26
Kelly, James W., 19
Kendrick, S. R., 300–301
Kennedy, Scalfe, 172
Ketchum, A. R., 19
Kiely, D. H., 224
Kiley, Robert, 225
Killebrew, J. B., 110–112
Kimball, George, 238
King, Albert E., 39
King, Charles, 274
Kirkpatrick, William, 12
Knights of Labor, Noble Order of, 2, 25, 87, 118, 177, 185, 368, 369, 372, 374, 375
Kuhn, Will, 238
Kutlin, Joe, 224
Kyle, James H., 315, 316, 317, 318, 323, 324, 326, 387
Labor Day, 292
Labor Movement: The Problem Today (George McNeill), 388
“Labor question,” 294
Labor Signal, the Indianapolis, 284
Labor Tribune, the Pittsburgh, 201
Labor Unions: African Industrial and Protective League, 218; Afro-American Labor and Protective Association, 200, 218; Alabama State Federation of Labor, 12, 14; Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 374; Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America, 84; American Carriers’ Union, 20, 372; Amalgamated Engineers’ Union, 384; American Federation of Labor. See that entry; American Longshoremen’s Union, 291; American Railway Union, 7, 72, 79–80, 83–84, 156, 161, 191, 367, 368, 370, 371; Anti-Strikers’ Railroad Union, 80; Atlanta Federation of Trades, 307, 340; Bakers’ and Confectioners, 19; Barbers’ International Union, 32; Bricklayers’ and Masons’ International Union, 2, 58–62, 370; Broom Makers’ Union, 19; Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 85, 372; Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 82, 83, 85–102, 367, 371; Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, 372; Brotherhood of Firemen and Trainmen, 72; Brotherhood of Locomotive Trainmen, 72; Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators, 20; Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 83, 85, 102–15, 371, 372; Car Drivers Union, 19, 41, 45; Central Labor Union, 9, 27–28, 54, 56, 281, 289, 368; Chicago Trade and Labor Assembly, 370; Cigar Makers’ International Union, 33, 86, 376, 386; Clarksville Colored Labor Union, 27; Clothing Clerks Union, 19; Coachmen’s Benevolent Association, 20; Coachmen’s Union, 20; Coal Wheelers’ Union, 20; Colored Barbers’ Union, 32; Colored Labor and Trades Union, 26; Colored Laborers’ Protective Union, 2, 62, 65, 69; Colored Screwmen’s Association No. 2, 65, 370; Colored Texas Union, 29; Columbus Trades and Labor Council, 372; Coopers’ International Union, 19; Cotton Jammers’ Association, 370; Cotton Yardmen’s Benevolent Association No. 1, 19; Electric Wiremen and Linemen’s Union, 35; Federal Labor Union, 6; Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, 367, 368; Federation of Railway Employees, 82, 83; Garment Cutters’ Association, 375; Gas Workers’ Union, 20; Georgia State Federation of Labor, 318, 324, 339; Grain Shovelers, 19, 20; Granite Cutters; National Union, 26, 369; Hod Carriers Union, 36; Horseshoers Union, 19, 45; Knights of Labor, 25, 177, 185, 368, 369, 372, 374, 375, 381; Longshoremen’s Benevolent Association, 20, 43, 45; Longshoremen’s Union and Protective Association, 385; Machinists of New York and Brooklyn, 50; Marine and Stationary Firemen’s Union, 15, 20, 21, 34, 35, 37, 40; Marine Engineers’ Protective Association, 38, 40, 44, 47–49; Marine Mates, 19; Musicians’ Union, 20, Industrial Workers of the World, 367; Inland Seamen Port Union, 39; International Association of Machinists, 51–57, 369; International Boilermakers and Iron Ship Builders’ Union, 20; International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 8–9, 367; International Labor Union, 388; International Machinists’ Union, 2, 34, 369; International Typographical Union, 372; National Association of Machinists, 2, 50–56; National Building Trades Council of America, 304; National Federation of Miners and Mine Laborers, 369; National Labor Union, 388; National Trade Union, 48; New Basin Teamsters’ Union, 20; New York Printers Union, 388; Ohio Miners’ Amalgamated Association, 368; Order of Railway Clerks, 84; Pile Drivers and Wharf Builders, 20; Plasterers’ Union, 20, 52; Railway Workers Union, 20; Retail Dry Goods Clerks’ Union, 19; Rice Workers’ Union, 20; Round Freight Teamsters and Loaders, 20, 47; Sailors’ Union of the Pacific, 367; Scalesmens’ Union, 20, 47; Screwmen’s Benevolent Association No. 1, 20; Screwmen’s Benevolent Association No. 2, 20; Ship Scrapers’ Union, 20; Shoe Clerks’ Union, 20; Shoemakers’ Union, 367; Sugar Workers’ Protective Union, 20; Switchmen’s Union of North America, 371; Teamsters and Lumber Yardmen, 20; Tobacco Workers’ Union, 33; Triple Alliance, 2; United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 19, 31, 368; United Brotherhood of Railway Porters, 77–78; United Mine Workers of America, 118–97, 200, 368, 369, 374–76, 381; Warehousemen and Packers’ Union, 20, 47; Workingmen’s Amalgamated Council, 2, 15–25. passim. For these and other labor unions, see also, 329–51. For strikes by labor unions, see strikes.
Labor, U.S. Department of, 306
Lacy, Benjamin R., 313–14
Lecompton Constitution, 379
LaFollette Seamen’s Act, 367
Lake Forest University Law School, 372
Lampasas, the, 66
Landry, L. D., 19
Landsworth, Frank, 238
Latham, W. A., 274
Leonard, James, 18, 19, 22, 24
Liberal Republican Party, 388
Liberia, 257
Liberia College, 382
Lincoln, Abraham, 237
“Little Rhody,” 378
Locomotive Firemen’s Magazine, 97–102, 367
Longshoremen, 62–70, 82, 98, 256, 272
Longshoremen’s Benevolent Association, 20, 43, 45
Longshoremen’s Union Protective Association of Greater New York, 385
Loucks, Thomas C., 224, 226, 233, 236
Louisiana Territory, 379
Lucas, C. A., 20
Luke, Lucas, 69
Lukens, Frank W., 211, 214, 217, 224, 225, 226, 233
Lumber mills operatives, 256, 267
Lumberg, August, 19
Lynching, 382
McAden, J. H., 314
McBride, John, 34, 53, 55, 155, 190, 368, 369, 379
McClellan, J. B., 19
McCraith, Augustine, 33–34, 54, 369
McGavic, David, 220
McGruder, E. M., 32
McGuire, Peter J., 31, 367, 368
Machinists, 29, 50–57, 265, 285, 318
Machinists’ Monthly Journal, 369
Machinists of New York and Brooklyn, 50
McKinley, William, 269, 237–38, 375, 383
Macon & Augusta Railroad, 387
Mahommed, 301
Mail carriers, 254
Mallory Shipping Company, 2
Mallory Steamship Line, 62–70
Man, 388
Managers, 317
Marine and Stationary Firemen’s Union, 15, 20, 21, 34, 35, 37, 40
Marine Engineers’ Protective Association, 38, 40, 44, 47, 48, 49
Marine Mates, 19
Markey, Joseph, 20
Martin, Ernest, 100
Martin, J. W., 83
Martin, Sam, 166
Marx, Karl, 373
“Mary Lee Disaster,” 379
Mason and Dixon Line, 7, 9, 99, 109, 286
Mechanics, 271–72, 275, 284, 310, 320
Melarober, E. J., 19
Memphis Industrial League, 321
Mercer University, 387
Merchants, 265
Merser, A. B., 163
Messer, William, 226
Methodist Episcopal Church, 383
Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, 384
Meyers, J. C., 32
Midvale Steel Works, 356
Miller, Charles, 243
Miller, Edward B., 321–24
Miller, James P., 77
Miners’ Association of Durham, 380
Miners’ National Association of Great Britain, 380
Mining machine, 175
Mississippi Valley Railroad, 16
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, 83
Moake, William, 24
Molz, Edward, 210
Monier, J. A., 19
Montana Central Railroad, 107
Montt, Jorge, 385
Moore, Dorsey, 20
Moran, M. F., 123
Morgan, A. W., 224
Morgan, J. F., 77
Morgan, Thomas J., 55, 56, 370
Morice, O., 20
Morton, J. M., 191
Moses, B., 20
Mosley, J. H. F., 12
Musicians’ Union, 20
My Life and Work (Rev. Alexander Walters), 384
Myers, Ed., 222
Nagle, Philip, 18
Nassau, 371
National Agricultural Labourers’ Union, 387
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 388
National Association of Machinists, 2, 50–56
National Building Trades Council of America, 304
National Citizens Rights Association, 298, 300, 385
National Civic Federation, 371, 381
National Federation of Miners and Mine Laborers, 369
National Labor Union, 388
National Reform Association, 388
National Trade Union, 48
Negro Artisan (W. E. B. DuBois), 329–51
Negro in Africa and America (Joseph Tillinghast), 383
“Negro Problem,” 277
“Negro question,” 294
Negrophobia, 230
Neill, C. S., 181
New Age, the London, 294
New Basin Teamsters, 20
New Century Guild of Philadelphia, 275
New Orleans General Strike (1852), 2, 10, 15–25, 325, 367, 387
“New South,” 23
New York Central Railroad, 372
New York Herald, 374
New York Printers’ Union, 388
New York Tribune, 388
New York Workingman’s Advocate, 388
News and Courier, the Charleston, 246
Niagara Movement, 388
Nixon, William, 126
Noel, R. H., 192
Northern Pacific Coal Company, 189
Nott, Josiah C., 378
Nugent, John, 125, 132, 137, 154, 374
Oakland Normal School, 373
O’Connell, James P., 52–53, 163, 369
O’Connor, John, 382
Odd Fellows, Fraternal Order of, 181
O’Donne11, Edward, 54
Ohio Central Fuel Company, 159
Ohio Coal Operators, 376
Ohio Miners Amalgamated Association, 368
Ohio State Journal, the, 131, 133
“Old Dog,” 173–74
Old World, 80
O’Neill, J. E., 274
Order of Railway Clerks, 84
Organization of Railway Companies, 372
Orr, Jack, 197
Orr, James L., 309–10
O’Sullivan, John F., 33–34
O. V. Catto Primary School, 362
Overgard, Charles P., 29–30
Ovington, Mary White, 15
Organization of Railway Trainmen, 372
Pace, H. H., 14
Painters, 265, 267, 271–72, 321
Palmers College of Shorthand, 354
Pana Coal Company, 223
Pan-African Conferences, 388
Pana-Virden Strike (1898), 195–96, 207–48, 336, 380, 381
Panic of 1893, 375
Paris Commune, 382
Paris Peace Conference of 1919, 369
Parke Brothers and Company, 277
Partington, John, 126
Patrick, George A., 65
Patrick, Harvey, 63
Penna, Phil. H., 162
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 388
Pennsylvania Railroad, 359
People’s Party, 379
Perkins, George W., 305–306, 386
Peters, George H., 97
Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, 375
Philadelphia and West Chester Trolley Line, 7
Philadelphia Negro (W. E. B. DuBois), 352–64
Philadelphia, the economic condition of blacks in, 352–64
Photographers, 254
Picayune, the New Orleans, 82
Piedmont Manufacturing Company, 309
Pile Drivers and Wharf Builders, 20
Pinkerton detectives, 374
Plasterers, 265, 267, 310, 321
Plessey V. Ferguson, 298
Plumbers, 265
Pocahontas Coal Field, 375
Police Gazette, the, 133
Policemen, 271
Poll tax, 299
Populist-Labor ticket, 379
Porter, James E., 18, 19, 20, 22, 45, 46, 368
Porters, sleeping car. See United Brotherhood of Railway Porters, 77–78
Post, the Pittsburgh, 246
Powderly, Terrence V., 161, 285, 375
Powell, Fred, 174
Pratt, Daniel, 378
Pratt Mines, 188–89
Prentice, Will, 243
Press and Banner, the Abbeville, 251
Press, the New York, 234
Preston, Thomas, 224
Price, Rev. Theophilus, 282–83
Pringleton, R. H., 217
Proffitt, Cass, 238
Pullman, “Count,” 78
Pullman, George M., 370
Pullman Palace Car Company, 72–80, 370
Pullman Porters’ Strike (1890), 78
Pullman Strike (1894), 78–82
Puryear, J. A., 282
Radicals, 380
Railroad firemen, 82, 85–102, 256, 271, 313–14
Railroad Trainmen’s Journal, 102–15
Railway Education Association, 343
Railway Managers Association, 85
Rapier, James T., 251
Ratchford, Michael D., 163, 170, 172, 209, 307–24 passim, 375
Ream, John F., 194
Rector, Henry, 193
“Redeemers,” 387
Reed, George, 126
Reese, E. W., 20
Reilly, Hy, 19
Reminiscences of School Life, (Fanny Coppin), 383
Rennie, Thomas H., 311–13
Reno, Z. T., 43
“Resurrection of Lazarus” (Henry Tanner), 389
Retail Dry Goods Clerks’ Union, 19
Rhodes, John R., 179
Rice Workers’ Union, 20
Richard, Ed., 243
Riddle, William, 174
Riley, William R., 118, 126, 140, 177–83, 376
Riverboat hands, 256
Roanoke College, 263
Roberts, J. C., 26–27
Robert Vaux Grammar School, 362–63
Robinson, Cal, 195
Robinson, Jack, 186
Robinson, W. H., 274
Rock Island Line, 82
Roosevelt, Franklin, 372
Roosevelt, Theodore, 383
Ross, David, 208
Round Freight Teamsters and Loaders, 20, 47
Rowland, C. C., 223
Rowlands, John, 374
Russell, John W., 208
Russell, W. R., 247
Ryan, Ervin, 224
Sach, Charles, 18
Sailors’ Union of the Pacific, 367
St. Cloud, N. E., 25
St. Louis Longshoremen Strike (1892), 37, 38
Salesmen, 277
Samuels, Adam, 242
Sargent, Frank P., 82, 87, 88 371
Scarborough, William S., 265, 382
Schaeffer, Louis, 20
Scott, Charles L., 251
Scott, Matt, 126
Scott, R. A., 191
Screwmens’ Benevolent Association No. 1, 20
Screwmens’ Benevolent Association No. 2, 20
Scrimgeour, Charles, 64
“Script,” 380
Scrubbers, 255
Seaboard Air Line, 95
Seamen, 39
Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, 254
Section hands, 272
Seventy Years of Life and Labor (Samuel Gompers), 367
Shakespeare, William, 109
Sharp, Joe, 194
Shaw, J. T., 217
Shen, James, 243
Ship Scrapers’ Union, 20
Shoe Clerks Union, 20
Shoemakers, 265
Shoemakers’ Union, 367
“Show,” 377
Simmons, G. H., 179
Skilled craftsmen, 252, 254, 260, 268, 284, 318
Skinner, Samuel, 126
Slavery, 81, 92, 108, 169, 184–85, 202, 268, 271–72, 277, 279, 280, 324, 330
Smith, Ellis, 224
Smith, Hamilton, 186
Smith, Joseph, W., 299
Smith, Ross, 223
Smith, W. H., 252
Smyth, E, A., 306–24 passim
Snodgrass, Sinthy, 184
“Social Darwinism,” 383
Social Democratic Federation, 384
Social Democratic Party, 367, 370
Socialist Labor Party, 368
Socialists, 294
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 383
South America, 270
Southern Industrial Convention, 94, 264, 327, 339
Southern Manufacturers’ Club, 313
Southern Pacific Railroad, 29, 87, 371
Southern Railway Company, 15
Spanish-American War, 375, 382
Sparks, Bailey, 65
“Special agents,” 74
Speiss, George, 19
Spring Garden Institute, 354
Spring Valley Strike (1894), 203–06
Strikes: Coal Creek Strike (1891), 179; Galveston Longshoremen’s Strike (1898), 2, 62–70; Great Coal Strike (1894), 156, 375; Hocking Valley Coal Strike (1883–84), 119, 201, 368, 374; Homestead Strike (1892), 131, 279, 383; Indian Mountain (Ala.) Coal Strike (1893), 182; Kansas City Colored Hod-Carriers (1900), 325–26; New Orleans General Strike (1892), 2, 10, 15–25, 325, 367, 387; Pana-Virden Strike (1898), 195–96, 207–48, 336, 380; Pullman Porters’ Strike (1890), 78; Pullman Strike (1894), 78–82; Seamen’s Strike of St. Louis, 39; Spring Valley Strike (1894), 203–06; St. Louis Longshoremen’s Strike (1892), 37–38. For strike by whites against black workers, see also 345–46
S. S. White Dental Company, 356
Stachling, Louis, 19
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton, 374
Stationary engineers, 256
Steinrod, A. L., 174
Stemons, James Samuel, 8, 286–90
Stenographers, 276
Stevedores, 202
Stevens, Henry, 238
Stevens, L. B., 80
Stewart’s Furnature Factory, 358
Stinby, W. R., 107
Story of Coal and Iron in Alabama (Ethel Armes), 378
Street, H. G., 194
Strickler, Cyrus, 238
Strikebreakers, 11, 95, 120, 127, 150, 151, 156, 175, 186, 187–88, 195, 201–48, 263, 338
Sucker, Eli, 243
Sugar Workers’ Protective Union, 20
Sullivan, Daniel, J., 53, 56, 57
Sullivan, J. J., 207–209
Sunday Creek Coal Company, 131
Suppression of the African Slave Trade (W. E. B. DuBois), 387
Supreme Court, the U.S., 228
Sweden, 279
Sweeney, W. Allison, 264
Swinton, John, 380
Switchmen’s Association, 83
Switchmen’s Union of North America, 371
Szegedy, Henry W., 6
Tabor, C. C., 29–30
Taft, William Howard, 383
Tanner, Henry O., 388
Tanner, John R., 200, 208, 211, 213, 214, 220, 221, 224, 226, 228, 230, 231, 232–33, 234–36, 237, 240, 245–46, 371, 381
Tanner, S. B., 313
Taylor, J. D., 77
Taylor, R. H., 186
Teamsters and Lumber Yardmen, 20
Telegraph, the Macon, 246
Telegraph, the Philadelphia, 204
Temple and Galveston Texas Railroad, 31
Temple College, 361
Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia Railway Company, 377
Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company, 188, 189, 192, 378
Tensas Basin, 271
Textile factory operatives, 252, 256, 266, 273, 306–07, 309, 310, 311, 315–16
Thirteenth Amendment, 18
Thomas, Joshua, 140
Thomas, L. R., 6
Through the Dark Continent (Sir Henry M. Stanley), 375
Tidwell, Pete., 192
Tillinghast, James Alexander, 270–72
Tillinghast, Joseph A., The Negro in Africa and America (1902), 383
Times-Herald, the Chicago, 245
Times, the Philadelphia, 274
Times-Union, the Jacksonville, 205
Tobacco Workers’ National Union, 33
Tobin, John F., 367
Tourgee, Albion W., 298–301, 385
Tracey, J., 20
Trackmen, 89
Tradesmen, The, 93, 250, 252–53, 261, 350
Trainmen, 102–15
Treaty of Paris, 375
Tribune, the Detroit, 205
Triple Alliance, 2
Turner, Bishop Henry M., 257, 381
Turner Brass Works, 342
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, 250, 266–67, 382, 383
Types of Mankind (George Gliddon and Josiah Nott), 378
Typewriters, 275
Undertakers, 254
Union Record, the St. Louis, 278–79
Unions. See labor unions and organizations. See also under individual names.
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 19, 31, 368
United Brotherhood of Railway Porters, 77–78
United Confederate Veterans, 14
United Mine Workers’ Journal, 118, 119, 123, 127, 138, 140, 142, 144, 147, 152, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 172, 175, 179, 181, 183, 186, 187, 377, 378
United Mine Workers of America, 118, 119–97, 200, 368, 369, 374, 375–76, 381
United States of America, 76, 92, 99, 161, 200, 237, 258, 263, 285, 298, 347, 369, 372, 375, 380, 382, 385
U.S.S. Baltimore, 385
“Universal Brotherhood of Man,” 51
University Club, 354
University of Illinois, 387
University of Rochester, 385
Up From Slavery (Booker T. Washington), 368
Valentine, H. N., 77
Venezuela, 251
Vickers, Albert, 238
Von Der Ahe, Chris, 274
Wales, 279
Walker, Jim, 216
Walker, Norman, 272
Wallace, Dan, 160–61
Walters, Rev. Alexander, 291, 384
Ward, Robert and Rogers William, The Great Strike of 1894 (1965), 379
Warehousemen, 256
Warehousemen and Packers’ Union, 20, 47
Washington, Booker T., 11, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 115, 118, 226, 99, 100, 101, 104, 115, 118, 226, 241, 250, 260, 266–68, 294, 327, 332, 367–68, 373, 382, 383, 384, 388
Washington College, 378
Weaver, G. G., 176
Webb, William C., 179, 180–81, 377
Webster, Daniel, 386
Welch, Curt, 274
Wells, Don D., 283
Wells, Ida B.,
Wesley, John, 269–383
West Indies, 321
Westbrook, W. T., 265
Western & Atlantic Company, 381
Western Theological Seminary, 387
Weymueller, Fred, 174
Whalen, Andrew, 16
Wheelwrights, 265
White, C. H., 20
White, James H., 25
“White Man’s Burden,” 90
White-washers, 280
Whittaker, S. J., 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109–11, 112, 114
Wilberforce University, 265, 382
Wilcox Vindicator, the, 251, 252
Wilkins, O. T., 194
Wilkinson, Thomas, 126
William Parr & Company, 65
Wilson, D. Douglas, 369
Williams, D. S., 162
Williams, D. U., 12
Williams, Edward, 65
Williams, F. B., 12
Williams, Landonia, 264
“Willing Hands,” 127, 133, 140, 178, 180, 377
Wilson, D. B., 172
Wilson, Douglas, 51
Wilson, G. F., 20
Wilson, James Falconer, 269, 382–83
Wilson, Richard, 126
Wilson, W. B., 121
Wilson, Woodrow, 372
Winfrey, J. W., 20
Winters, F. L., 20
Wood, C. C., 123
Workingmen’s Amalgamated Council, 2, 15–25 passim
Workingmen’s Clubs, 277
Worsham, George, 220
Wright, A. D., 107–108
Wright, Sr., Richard R., 255, 381
Yale Law School, 381
Young, Steve, 222
Young, Thomas, 16