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The Black Worker During the Post-War Prosperity and the Great Depression, 1920–1936—Volume VI: Index

The Black Worker During the Post-War Prosperity and the Great Depression, 1920–1936—Volume VI
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Series Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Foreword
  6. Contents
  7. Preface
  8. Part I: Economic Condition of the Black Worker
    1. Introduction
      1. The Twenties
        1. 1. Howard
        2. 2. The Hosts of Black Labor
        3. 3. Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions
        4. 4. Edward Kiefhaber to Robesonia Iron Co.
        5. 5. John Gocher to Interstate Employment Agency
        6. 6. John Gocher to A. F. Woodward
        7. 7. Recent Northward Migration of the Negro
        8. 8. An Experiment with Negro Labor
        9. 9. The Negro in Chicago Industries
        10. 10. Negroes at Work in Baltimore
        11. 11. Department of Labor
        12. 12. Industrial Employment of the Negro in Pennsylvania
        13. 13. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, I
        14. 14. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, II
        15. 15. Negro Labor and Public Utilities, III
        16. 16. Reid Tells of Fight for Skilled Workers
        17. 17. Youth Told to Get Into the Trades
        18. 18. Lack of Race Consciousness
        19. 19. Negro Worker O.K. If Handled Right
        20. 20. Economic Goals
        21. 21. Present Status of Negro Labor
        22. 22. Present Trends in Employment of Negro Labor
        23. 23. Negro in the Industrial South
        24. 24. Industrial and Labor Conditions
      2. The Thirties
        1. 25. The Economic Crisis of the Negro
        2. 26. Industrial and Labor Conditions
        3. 27. Two Letters
        4. 28. New Frontier of Negro Labor
        5. 29. An Emergency is On!
        6. 30. Frances Perkins to Eugene Kinkle Jones
        7. 31. Industrial and Labor Conditions
        8. 32. Impacts of Depression Upon Negro in Philadelphia
        9. 33. New Fields for Negro Labor in Texas
        10. 34. Wage Differential Based on Race
        11. 35. Black Wages for Black Men
        12. 36. Negro in Industry and Urban Life
        13. 37. Negro Worker and N.R.A.
        14. 38. N.R.A. Codifies Wage Slavery
        15. 39. National Recovery Act in U.S.A.
        16. 40. Black Inventory of the New Deal
        17. 41. To Boycott or--Not to Boycott?
        18. 42. The Negro in Pittsburgh's Industries
        19. 43. Relative Efficiency of Negro and White Workers
        20. 44. Negro in Industry
        21. 45. Life of Negroes in the Automobile Industry
        22. 46. Negro Seamen in the U.S.A.
        23. 47. Social-Economic Status of Negroes in the District of Columbia
  9. Part II: Black Women Workers
    1. Introduction
      1. Negro Women in Industry
        1. 1. Colored Women as Industrial Workers in Philadelphia
        2. 2. Making Over Poor Workers
        3. 3. The Negro Working Woman
        4. 4. Negro Woman in the Trade Union Movement
        5. 5. Bootleggers Welcome on the North Side
        6. 6. Strike of Negro Nurses at New Orleans
        7. 7. Women Workers
        8. 8. Start Campaign to Help Negro Women's Strike
        9. 9. Two More Women Jailed
        10. 10. Something New--Negro Women Strikers
        11. 11. Police Jail Two Negro Women in Chicago Strike
        12. 12. The Negro Working Woman
        13. 13. Must Organize Negro Women to Stop Scabbing
        14. 14. Women Day Workers League
        15. 15. Eva, The Black Working Girl
        16. 16. Pay for Negro Laundry Slaves
        17. 17. Negro Woman Cigar Slaves in Walkout
        18. 18. Women in Industry
        19. 19. No Race Prejudice in Needle Trades Union
        20. 20. Jim Crow Union
        21. 21. Colored Dressmakers
        22. 22. Starving Negro Woman Worker
        23. 23. Slavery in Atlanta Laundry
        24. 24. Negro Women Slave for $4 Weekly in Charleston
        25. 25. 50-Year-Old Negro Woman Set for Fight
        26. 26. Unorganized Domestic Toilers are Prey to Rich
        27. 27. Garment Union Comes to the Negro Worker
        28. 28. A Labor Study (South)
        29. 29. Negro Labor Committee in Drive to Aid Women
        30. 30. Newspaper Guild Indorses Domestic Workers' Union
        31. 31. Disadvantage of Being Female and Black
  10. Part III: The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Other Black Unions in the Train Service
    1. Introduction
      1. The Porters' Struggle for Recognition
        1. 1. A Message to the Slacker Porter
        2. 2. Truth About the Brotherhood
        3. 3. Organizing Negroes
        4. 4. Pullman Company and the Pullman Porter
        5. 5. Company Unions A La Pullman
        6. 6. Pullman Porters Break All Records
        7. 7. Bulletin
        8. 8. Pullman "Company Union" Slavery
        9. 9. New Pullman Porter
        10. 10. To the Organizing Committees
        11. 11. Find Negroes Can be Organized
        12. 12. Porters Step Ahead
        13. 13. Crusading for the Brotherhood
        14. 14. Toward the Home Stretch
        15. 15. Our Next Step
        16. 16. Pullman Porters Voting Solidly
        17. 17. Voice of Negro Labor, Frank R. Crosswaith
        18. 18. Answer Wall Street Fiction About Porters
        19. 19. The Brotherhood's Anniversary
        20. 20. Porters Ditch Company Union
        21. 21. Porter Asserts His Manhood
        22. 22. Open Letter to the Pullman Company
        23. 23. Porters' Union Goes South
        24. 24. Pullman Porters' Organization
        25. 25. Porters Get Inside Data on Wage Tilt
        26. 26. Status of Pullman Porters' Case
        27. 27. Before the Interstate Commerce Commission
        28. 28. Press Opinion on Porters' Case
        29. 29. Trade Union Committee
        30. 30. Our Next Step
        31. 31. Pullman Porters Win Pot of Gold
      2. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters at American Federation of Labor Conventions
        1. 32. A. Philip Randolph to Milton P. Webster
        2. 33. 1933 Convention
        3. 34. 1934 Convention
      3. Selected Correspondence Between A. Philip Randolph and Milton P. Webster
        1. 35. Webster to Randolph, March 15, 1928
        2. 36. Randolph to Webster, March 19, 1928
        3. 37. Randolph to Webster, March 24, 1928
        4. 38. Webster to Randolph, March 24, 1928
        5. 39. Randolph to Webster, March 26, 1928
        6. 40. Webster to Randolph, March 27, 1928
        7. 41. Randolph to Webster, April 2, 1928
        8. 42. Randolph to Webster, April 5, 1928
        9. 43. Webster to Randolph, June 9, 1928
        10. 44. Randolph to Webster, June 11, 1928
        11. 45. Webster to Dad Moore, June 11, 1928
        12. 46. Randolph to Webster, June 14, 1928
        13. 47. Webster to Dad Moore, June 26, 1928
        14. 48. Randolph to Webster, June 27, 1928
        15. 49. Randolph to Webster, June 28, 1928
        16. 50. Randolph to Webster, June 28, 1928
        17. 51. Randolph to Webster, August 8, 1928
        18. 52. Randolph to Webster, August 9, 1928
        19. 53. Randolph to Webster, August 30, 1928
      4. Other Black Unions in the Train Service
        1. 54. Railway Men's International Benevolent Industrial Assn.
        2. 55. Negro Railroad Men Hold Session in Birmingham
        3. 56. E. F. Roberts Explains Work of Colored Firemen's Organization
        4. 57. R. L. Mays Busy With His Men
        5. 58. Successful Meeting of Rail Men
        6. 59. Colored Trainmen Will Not Take Part in Strike
        7. 60. Negro Firemen Are Organized
        8. 61. Colored Workmen Threatened and Leave Job
        9. 62. My Attitude Toward Negro Labor
        10. 63. Union Styles
        11. 64. A Successful Negro Labor Union
        12. 65. Stop These Murders!
        13. 66. Murder for Jobs
        14. 67. Murder for the Jobs
        15. 68. Negro Firemen
        16. 69. Railway Employees Rally to Save Their Jobs
  11. Part IV: The American Federation of Labor and the Black Worker
    1. Introduction
      1. The A.F.L. and the Color Line
        1. 1. Whites Withdraw from Federation
        2. 2. A.F. of L. Wipes Out Color Line
        3. 3. "No Colored Line," Says Federation of Labor
        4. 4. The A.F. of L. Convention
        5. 5. Message to Negro Workers
        6. 6. To the American Federation of Labor
        7. 7. The A.F. of L's Convention
        8. 8. The Freight Handlers
        9. 9. A.F. of L. Unions Admit Colored Workers
        10. 10. Letter to Hugh Frayne
        11. 11. Negroes Asked to Join Unions
        12. 12. The A.F. of L. and the Negro
        13. 13. A.F. of L. is Openly Against Negro Labor
        14. 14. Solving America's Race Problem
        15. 15. Metal Trades Department
        16. 16. Attempts to Organize Negro Workers
        17. 17. American Federation of Labor and the Negro
        18. 18. A Labor Convention
        19. 19. Organization of Negro Labor
        20. 20. The A.F. of L.
        21. 21. Industrial Unions and the Negro Worker
      2. William Green and Black Workers
        1. 22. Organizing the Negro Workers
        2. 23. Our Negro Worker
        3. 24. Negro Wage Earners
        4. 25. American Federation of Labor Convention
        5. 26. National Unions Admit Race Workers
        6. 27. The A.F. of L. and the Negro
        7. 28. William Green to Elmer Anderson Carter
        8. 29. National Negro Labor Conference
        9. 30. Labor and the Negro
        10. 31. Open Letter to William Green
        11. 32. Negro Wage-Earners and Trade Unions
        12. 33. An Open Letter to William Green
      3. Selected A.F. of L. Convention Resolutions on Black Labor
        1. 34. 1920 Convention
        2. 35. 1925 Convention
        3. 36. 1933 Convention
        4. 37. 1935 Convention
        5. 38. 1936 Convention
  12. Part V: The Left
    1. Introduction
      1. The Socialists
        1. 1. Eugene V. Debs to the Editors of the Messenger, April 9, 1923
        2. 2. The Messenger and Its Mission
        3. 3. A United Negro Trades
        4. 4. Menace of Negro Communists
        5. 5. Meddling in the Porters Union
        6. 6. Communism and the Negro, I
        7. 7. Communism and the Negro, II
        8. 8. A Negro Looks at the 1932 Presidential Race
        9. 9. Political Future of the Negro
        10. 10. Negro's Road to Freedom
        11. 11. Notes For Speakers
        12. 12. True Freedom
      2. Ben Fletcher and the International Workers of the World
        1. 13. I. W. W. Means "I Won't Work"
        2. 14. Colored and White Workers Solving the Race Problem for Philadelphia
        3. 15. Forum of Local 8
        4. 16. Task of Local 8
        5. 17. Miscarriage of Justice
        6. 18. A Call to Solidarity!
        7. 19. Longshoremen Fighting for Life
        8. 20. Philadelphia Waterfront's Unionism
        9. 21. Negro and Organized Labor, by Ben Fletcher
        10. 22. Craft Union Color Line
        11. 23. Likes Lecture of Ben J. Fletcher
      3. Otto Hall and the Trade Union Education League
        1. 24. Call Negro Workers to Meet
        2. 25. Abolish Race Discrimination
        3. 26. T.U.E.L. Negro Department in Campaign for Unity
        4. 27. Organize Negro Workers
        5. 28. Negro Trade Union Militants Show A.F.L. Sellout of Porters
        6. 29. Negro Workers in Northern Industry
        7. 30. Interview With Otto Hall
      4. The American Negro Labor Congress and the National Negro Congress
        1. 31. Negroes Warned Not to be Caught in Trap
        2. 32. American Negro Labor Congress
        3. 33. Negroes and Labor
        4. 34. The Negro and Labor
        5. 35. A.F. of L. and the Negro Worker
        6. 36. Equality Demanded
        7. 37. Negroes Seek "Full Social Equality"
        8. 38. Big Labor Meeting Opens
        9. 39. Negroes Strike Back at Unions
        10. 40. Plot to Make Our Blacks Red
        11. 41. Editorial: Negro Labor and Communism
        12. 42. Interracial Banquet
        13. 43. National Negro Congress
        14. 44. National Negro Congress
        15. 45. National Negro Labor Congress (U.S.A.)
      5. The Communist Party, the Trade Union Unity League, and the Black Worker
        1. 46. Union, by Langston Hughes
        2. 47. Solidarity of Labor in the South
        3. 48. The African Blood Brotherhood
        4. 49. Color Line in Labor Unions
        5. 50. Communists Boring into Negro Labor
        6. 51. Striker Approaches Negro Problem With Intelligent Outlook
        7. 52. Problems and Struggles of Negro Workers
        8. 53. Negro Workers Play Vital Role in Charlotte T.U.U.L. Conference
        9. 54. Negro Workers and the Cleveland Unity Convention
        10. 55. Negro Miners Must Organize
        11. 56. Why Every Negro Miner Should Join the N.M.U.
        12. 57. Labor Enters National Drive to Save Atlanta Organizers
        13. 58. Trade Union Program for Negro Workers
        14. 59. Some Experiences in Organizing Negro Workers
        15. 60. Investigation of Communist Propaganda, 1930; Testimony of A. Philip Randolph
        16. 61. 400 Fight Lynch Law at Meeting in South
        17. 62. Negro Masses Unemployed
        18. 63. Pray, Don't Fight
        19. 64. The Jobless Negro
        20. 65. An Appeal to Negro Workers and Toilers
        21. 66. Georgia Imprisons Negro Red
        22. 67. Appeal for Negro in Red Conviction
        23. 68. Workers of Atlanta!
        24. 69. Angelo Herndon's Speech to the Jury
        25. 70. Angelo Herndon v. State of Georgia
        26. 71. Angelo Herndon is Free!
  13. Part VI: Black Labor at the Crossroads
    1. Introduction
      1. Black Workers and the Unions
        1. 1. An Open Letter to the South
        2. 2. Notice
        3. 3. Warning to Colored Laborers
        4. 4. Negro Workers Refuse Pittance to Labor
        5. 5. Labor Unions and the Negro
        6. 6. White Supremacy in Organized Labor
        7. 7. The Mixed Union
        8. 8. Equal Division of Labor on the Wharf
        9. 9. J. H. Walker to Ben F. Ferris, April 1, 1925
        10. 10. The Negro in Industry
        11. 11. Textile Strikers Welcome Negroes
        12. 12. Negro Workers at the Crossroads
        13. 13. Decline of the Negro Strikebreaker
        14. 14. Negro Workers and the Unions
        15. 15. Shall Negro Worker Turn to Labor or to Capital?
        16. 16. Whites Oust Negro Under N.R.A. in South
        17. 17. White Textile Workers of South Learning to Unite With Negro Brothers
        18. 18. Peter A. Carmichael to H. L. Kerwin, March 26, 1935
        19. 19. Peter A. Carmichael to H. L. Kerwin, April 29, 1935
        20. 20. The Negro and Union Labor
        21. 21. Trade Unionism
      2. Three Negro Labor Committees
        1. 22. Trade Union Committee for Organizing Negroes
        2. 23. Greatest Labor Meeting in the History of Harlem
        3. 24. Call for the First Negro Labor Conference
        4. 25. Proceedings of the First Negro Labor Conference, 1935
      3. The Committee for Industrial Organization and the Black Worker
        1. 26. C.I.O. and Negro Labor
        2. 27. Industrial Unionism and the Negro
        3. 28. "Plan Eleven"--Jim Crow in Steel
        4. 29. Labor
  14. Notes and Index
  15. Notes
  16. Index

INDEX

Abbot, Robert S., 433, 107

Adams, Mary, 171

African Blood Brotherhood, the, 433, 434, 453, n 60, n 106

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), the, 116, 408, n 30, n 99

Allen, Virginia, 425

Alien, Noah, 355

Allied Economic Alliance, the 525

Allred, Mr. L. V., 47

Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tinworkers, the, 570

Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, the, 138, 149, 164, 413, 515, 548, 568, 569, 576

Amalgamated Ladies Garment Cutters Union, the, 548

Amis, B. D., 114

American Annex Hotel, the, 508

American Federationist, the 59, 128

American Federation of Labor, the, 34, 35, 59, 123, 127, 190, 196, 197, 215, 268–78, 287, 291–94, 297, 298, 310, 312–75 passim, 400, 410, 418, 424–26, 429, 436, 437, 440, 441, 444, 445, 451, 454, 455, 465, 473, 474, 475, 478, 479, 482, 506, 508, 510, 511, 519, 521, 524, 526, 528, 529, 537, 540, 547, 548, 550, 552, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 562, 563, 566, 567, 568, 568, 571, 576, 577, 578

American Federation of Musicians, the, 548

American Federation of Teachers, the, 530

American Fund for Public service, the 529

American Hampton Roads Line, the, 134

American Hotel, the, 508

American Iron and Steel Institute, the, 568, 575

American Jewish Committee, the 123

American Labor Movement, the, 526, 528, 552

American Labor Party, the, 408–11, 413

American Management Association, the, 57

American Negro Labor Congress, the, 168, 169, 172, 218, 384, 424, 426, 436–45, 456, 457, 476, 479, 480, n 38

American Plan, the n 100

American Railway Express Co., the, 41

American Railway Union, 224

“American System,” the, n 37

American Youth Congress, the 133

Amsterdam Labor International, the, 315

Amsterdam News, the 207

Anderson, John, 445

Anderson, L. B., 471

Anderson, Wilburn, 308

Anglo-Saxons, 122

Anti-Lynching bill, the 450

Arnold, James A., 393

Asquith, Herbert Henry, n 19

Asquith, Emma Alice Margaret (Margot), Countess of Oxford and Asquith, 79, n 19

Associated Negro Press, the, 300, 302

Association of Railway Executives, 222

Atheists, 236

Atlanta Regional Labor Board, the, 537, 538, 539

Attucks, Crispus, 389, n 85

Augusta-Aiken Railway Corp. the, 50

Austin, Fanny, 170

Baer, Fred W., 357

Bagnall, R. W., 231

Bahai’sts, the, 447

Baker, George F., 40, 41

Baker, Roe H., 360

Bakers’ Union, the, 317

Bakery and Confectionery Workers Union, the 548

Baltimore Federation of Labor, the 34, 510

Baptist Ministers’ Conference of Pittsburgh, the, 218

Barleycorn, John, 414, 415

Barnes, Sam, 307

Baron, Murray, 562, 563

Bayuk Brothers, 172

Beardsley, Samuel, 231

Bedford, Robert, 472

Bedoux Premium System of Wage Payment, the, 102

Bellinger, R. Eugene, 354

Benzel, Mr. R. J., 48

Berlin, Irving, 43

Bernard, C. G., 300

Berridge, William A., 64–65

Berry, W. L., 192

Bethune-Cookman College, 268

Bibb, Joe, 434

“Big Four Brotherhoods,” the, 75, 196, 201, 215, 292, 293, 305, n 17

Binder, Carrol, 428

Binga, Jesse, n 15

Binga State Bank of Chicago, the, 72, n 15

Birmingham Dyers and Cleaners Association, the, 537, 539

Birmingham Laundry Owners Association, the, 537

“Black Codes,”, 398

“Black Death,” the, 71, 163, n 14

“Blackshirts,” 467

Black Star Line, the, n 32

Blockman, Samuel, 317

“Bloody Noske,” 471

Blouse and Waistmakers Union, the, 548

Blue Eagle, 100Blumstein, L. N., 119, 120

Bock, Philip, 360

Boilan, Ernest, 307

Bonus Expeditionary Force, the, n 122

Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Accountants Union, the, 546, 548

Borah, U.S. Senator, 450

Boston Elevated Railway Co., the, 49

Boston Massacre, the, n 85

Bousfield, M. O., 300

Boxborough, Charles, 133

Boyce, William A., 425, 465, n 103, n 117

Boykin, John A., 496

Bradley, E. J., 252

Bratton, I. H., 472

Brian, Mattie, 175

Briggs, Cyril, V., 433, 454, 476, 480, n 106

Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corp., the, 40

Brookwood Labor College, 525, n 129

Brophy, John, 312, 364, 365, 375

Brotherhood of Dining Car Employees, the, 319, 320, 526

Brotherhood of Federal Employees, 215

Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, the, 309

Brotherhood of Railway Carmen, the, 356, 357

Brotherhood of Railway (and Steamship) Clerks, the, 35, 219, 313, 314, 317, 318, 337, 348, 351, 354, 366, 373, 374, 511, 523

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the, 190, 191–310 passim, 319, 320, 333, 336, 342, 346, 347, 349, 362, 367, 369, 371–74, 377, 381, 525, 549, 556, 561

Browder, Earl, 452, 470, n 116

Brown, C. H., 231

Brown, Edith, 175

Brown, W. S., 357

Brown, William Montgomery, 442

Bryce, James, 12, 518, n 5

Bucks Stove and Range Co. vs. the American Federation of Labor, 123

Buffalo Exposition, the 264

Building and Common Laborers Union, the, 354

Building Laborers and Hod Carriers Union, the, 21

Bullock, Henry Allen, 95, n 24

Bundage, Mr. H. M., 40

Bureau of Labor Statistics, the, U.S., 82, 92, 235

Burford, Robert E., 351, 352, 353, 354

Burke, John P., 357, 360

Burleigh, Andrew F., 48

Burns, W. J., 388

Burton, Charles Wesley, 451

Butler, Hilton, 307

Butterworth, William, 58, n 9

Byrd, Mr. W. L., 45

Calloway, Ernest Hays, 182, 465

Calvin, Floyd J., 57

Camp Hill, 487

Campbell, Albert C., 317, 358

Cap Makers, the, 515, 549

Capitalism, 388, 389, 390, 396–97, 402-04, 409, 416, 471, 566

Carey, Bishop Archibald J., 445, 451, 533, n 11

Carey, E. F., 209

Carey, Matthew, 163, n 37

Carfoil, Mr. J. J., 48

Carlock, W. M., 357

Carlton, Frank T., 163, n 36

Carnegie Steel Company, the, 523

Carpenters Union, the, 546

Carroll, P. C., 365

Carroll, T. C., 364, 375

Carter, Elmer Anderson, 334, 344, 345

Cary, E. F., 234, 266, 285, 286

Caulker’s Club of Boston, the, 163

Celler, Emanuel, 231, n 52

Central Georgia Power Co., the, 50

Central Trades and Labor Council of Greater New York, the, 548

Chalmers, Dr. George, 445

Chamber of Commerce, the U.S., 579

Chambers, Jordan W., 354, 355, 356, 357

Chase, Stuart, 82, n 20

Chicago Commission on Industrial Relations, the, 527

Chicago Commission on Race Relations, the, 129, 520, n 34

Chicago Defender, the, 190, 285, 288

Chicago Federation of Labor, the, 190, 473

Chicago Forum Council at Waukegan, the, 285, 286

Chicago race riots, the, 474

Chicago Riot of 1919, the, 433

Chicago Sopkins Needle Trade Strike, the, 449

Chicago University, 230

Chicago Whip, the, 190

Chronicle Telegraph, the Pittsburgh, 443

Citizen’s League for Fairplay, the, 119

Civic Club of New York, the, 215

Civil War, the, 10, 12, 66, 80, 106, 565, 566

Clague, Ewan, 89, 91, 93, 94

Clark, Jesse, n 52

Clark, John T., 37

Classens, August, 231

Cleaners, Dyers, and Pressers Union, 549

Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., the, 50

Cobb, Ernest, 301, 379

Coffee, Frank, 337

Cole, Ed., 307

Coleman, McAllister, 231, n 52

College of the City of New York, the, 268

“Color Line,” the, 297

Colored Association of Railway Employees, 299

Commercial Appeal, the Memphis, 4, 5

“Committee of 500,” 573

Communism, 121, 384

Communist Party, the, 384, 389, 430, 434, 435, 436, 474, 478, 491, 576, n 40, n 81

Communists, the, 236, 290, 292, 384, 387, 389, 390, 391, 434, 436, 437, 438–503 passim

Compensation Bureau of the Building Trades, the, 545, 546

Conaway, William Alexander, 564

Conboy, Sara A., 357, 360

Conference for Progressive Labor Action, the, 397–98

Congress of Industrials Organizations (CIO), the, 406, 410, 506, 567, 570, 571, 572, 576, 577, 578, n 94

Conner, Gov. Martin Sennet, 308, n 65

Consolidated Gas Co., the, 40

Consolidated Gas Electric Light and Power Co. of Baltimore, the, 49

Constitution of the U.S., 117

Conyers, W. P., 5

Cortelyou, Mr. B., 40, 41

“Corvee Labor,” 469

Cooper, Franklin E., 245

Cotton Garment Code Regulation, 181

Coughlin, Father Charles E., 406, n 93

Covington, Floyd C., 302

Cowie, Robert E. M., 42

Crimes Act of 1887, the, 122

Crisis, the, 539, 540, 541, 542

Crop-lien System, the, 399

Crosswaith, Frank R., 184, 206, 215–16, 217, 218, 220, 224, 229, 232, 243, 264, 282, 320, 388, 390, 391, 393, 413, 506, 540, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 553, 554, 558, 562, 563, 564

Crusader News Service, the, 454

Cummings, A. A., 211

Curry, Rev. George E., 183

Curtis, Thomsa J., 231, 264, 545, 546, n 52

Cuthbert, Marion, 446

Dabney, Thomas L., 445, 522

Daily Worker, the, 443, 457

Danish, Max, 545, 553

Davis, Jr., Benjamin J., 73, 491, n 16, n 123

Davis, John P., 110, 115, 312, 446, 451, 573, n 29

Debs, Eugene V., 224–385-86, n 50

DeLeon, Daniel, 567, n 140

Democratic Party, the, 394, 409, 447

Denawa, Norman, 562, 564

de Priest, Oscar, 482, n 44

Des Verney, W. H., 190, 192, 206, 229, 235, 252, n 43

Detroit Bureau of Governmental Research, the, 129

Dickerson, John, 432

Dillard, James H., 439, n 110

Dining Car Cooks and Waiters Union, the, 190, 303-06

Dining Car Men’s Association, the, 529

Doak, William N., 302, n 64

Domestic Workers’ Union, the, 184

Doty, Bill, 433

Doty, Elizabeth, 433

Douglas, Frederick, n 114

Dred Scott Decision, the, 116, n 31

Dress Pressers’ Union, the, 181

Driver, W. B., 297

Dubinsky, David, 547, 552, 553, n 136

Dublin, Dr. Louis I., 324

Du Bois, W. E. B., 3, 323, 324, 325, 400, 451, 452, 455, 456, 488, 522, n 1

Duffy, Frank, 353, 360, 362, n 80

Duncan, Dr. C. F., 379

Duncan, G. W., 301

Duncan, J. A., 354, 364

Duncan, James, 314, 353, n 66

Dunn, Robert W., 202, 208, n 45

Dunne, Bill, 434

Dyer anti-lynching bill, 393

Dyer, Leonidas, n 87

Dykstra, Mr. C. A., 45

East St. Louis riot (1917), the, 5, n 3

Eastern Steamship Co., the, 134

Eastman, Hon. Joseph B., 271, 309, n 57

Edwards, Thyra J., 540, n 133

Elevator Operators and Starters Union, the, 546

Elks, the, 242

Ely, Richard T., 163, n 36

Elzy, Robert J., 412

Embree, Edwin R., 89

Emera, Gus, 307

Emergency Railroad Transportation Act, the, 370, n 56

Employee Representation Plan, the, 195–294 passim

Employment Service, the U.S., 87

Equal Rights Congress, the, 446, n 112

Ervin, Charles W., 231, n 52

Evans, William L., 20

Farrell, Thomas L., 357

Farrell, Thomas S., 360

Fayette Home Telegraph Co., the, 48

Federal Barge Line, the, 114

Federal Commission on Industrial Relations, the, 526

Federal Council of Churches of Christ, the, 324, 398

Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the, 186, 350

Federal Employees’ Union, the, 149

Federal Reserve Board, the, 73

Feldman, Herman, 129

Fellowship of Reconciliation, the, n 142

Ferguson, Miriam Amanda (“Ma”), 317, n 69

Ferguson, Romania, 170

Filipinos, 196, 211, 228, 267, 310

Finchers Trades Review, 526

Fitzpatrick, John, 230, n 52

Fleming, G. James, 266

Fletcher, Benjamin, 411–23, n 95

Flint-Goodridge Hospital, 166

Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 231, 432, n 52

Foote, A. K., 472

Ford Company, the, 62

Ford, Henry, 338, n 78

Ford, James W., 435, 436, 451, 476, 480, n 115

Fordyce, Mr. S. W., 45

Foreman, Clark Howell, 535

Forrester, J. J., 351, n 79

Fort-Whitman, Levett, 384, 437, 440, 444, 456

Forty-ninth State Movement, the, 447

Foster, William Z., 384, 395, 400, 427, 442, 443, 455, 461, 576, n 104

Fraina, Louis B., 433

France Anatole, n 137

Franklin, Marie, 175

Frayne, Hugh, 318, 456, n 118

Frazier, E. Franklin, 2

Freight Handlers, Station and Express Employees’ Union, the, 342, 351, 352

Frey, John P., 323, 325, 332, 333, 337, 341, 368, 380, n 74

Frissell, A. S., 439

Fur Workers, the, 515

Furuseth, Andrew, 341

Gaines, Irene B., 192

Gardner, Governor, 462

Garvey, John W., 364, 365, 375

Garvey, Marcus, 44, 400, 417, 533, n 32

Garvey Movement, the, 118, 433

Garveyism, 121, 470

Garveyites, the, 447

Gaskin, Lillian, 180

Gasper, Victor, C., 175

Geer, Garrow T., 41

Gellhorn, Walter, 496

General Motors Corp. (G.M.C.), 133

Gibson, Roland A., 522

Gillespie, Frank, 300

Glasgow, Ivan, 562

Glenn, T. K., 492

Glover, Robert B., 296, 301

Gocher, John, 9

Goff, Mary, 353

Gold, Michael, 388, 389

Golden, C. J., 360

Gompers, Samuel, 123, 313, 315, 321, 349, 357, n 33

Gordon, J. B., 41

Gorky, Maxim, n 85

Gorman, Patrick E., 353, 360

Grain, S. E., 209, 229

“Grandfather Clauses,” 393, n 88

Granger, Lester B., 446, 451, 571, n 115

Grant, George S., 229

Grant, W. L., 296

Grayzel, Rabbi Solomon, 123

Great Depression, the, 2, 138, n 27

Great Southern Lumber Co., the, 413

Green, William, 190, 231, 285, 287, 288, 289, 312, 318, 321, 335, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342, 345, 347, 349, 350, 364, 365, 368, 371, 372, 374, 429, 436, 438, 439, 444, 445, 480, 547, 550, 552, 556, 559, 567, n 52

Greenberg, Harry, 181

Griffin, Elizabeth, 169

Griffin, T. E., 210

Grimes, Bushrod, 117

Grob, Mr. E. W., 42

Gross, Murray, 562, 564

Hall, George C., 411

Hall, Otto, 423–36, 476, n 102

Hampton Institute, 51, 60, 515

Hanks, Jerry L., 364, 364, 375

Hansom, Edity, 180

Hardin, Bob, 434

Hardy, Henry, 301

Harlem Labor Committee, the 506, 547

Harlem Renaissance, the, n 84

Harlem Women Day Workers League, the, 170, 171

Harmon, Fred, 307

Harper, Sol, 477

Harris, Julian, 100, 534

Harrison, George M., 370, 372, 374, 375

Harrison, Hubert H., 522, n 127

Haummel, Henry, 320

Harvey, Harriet Thorpe, 432

Harvey, Will, 308

Hawkins, Isaiah, 464, n 117

Hayes, Arthur Garfield, 231

Hayes, Max, 341

Haynes, Dr. George E., 324, n 75

Haywood, Harry, 432, 435

Haywood, William D. (“Big Bill”), 418, 432, 567, n 101

Heath, Dr. T. Restin, 166

Health Insurance Commission of Pennsylvania, the 154, 157

Helt, D. W., 360

Henderson, Mr. D. W., 44

Henley, Mr. W. S., 48

Herberg, Will, 531

Herbst, Alma, 102

Herndon, Angelo, 377, 384, 450, 485, 487, 490–503, 557, 562, n 82

Herve, Gustave, 418

Hiatt, George, 56

Highlander Folk School, the, n 142

Hill, Joe, 432, n 105

Hill, Joseph A., 9

Hill, Mr. R. B., 50

Hill, T. Arnold, 59, 69, 85, 309, 320, 349, 518, 578, n 10

Hillquit, Morris, 231, n 52

Hillstrom, Joe, 432

Hitler, Adolf, 405, 406

Hochman, Julius, 563

Hod Carriers’ Union, the, 332

Home Relief Bureau Employees’ Association, the, 549

Holden, William W., 50

Holy Crusaders, the, 467

Hoover, Herbert, 230, 392, n 51, n 64, n 87

Hotel, Restaurant and Cafeteria Workers Union, the, 175

Howard, Charles Perry, 568, n 141

Howard, Perry W., 196, 211, 281, 451

Howard University, 230, 524

Hudson, John H., 496

Hughes, James Langston, 124, 452, n 124

Hull, Harry, 208, 281

Hungerford, L. S. 249, 250, 256, 257, 262

Hunt, Henry T., 259

Huiswoud, Otto, 476, 480

Illinois Bell Telephone Co., the, 48

Illinois Central Railroad, the 308

Improved Protective Order of Elks of the World, the, 524

Indianapolis Street Railway Co., the, 49

Industrial Workers of the World, the, 411–23, 445, 474, 506, 567, 568, n 95, n 105

Ingraham, Dan, 357

Injunction-Limitation Bill, the, 517, 518

Interborough Rapid Transit Co., the, 40

Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance of New York, the, 242

International Association of Machinists, the, 421

International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers, Blacksmiths, and Machinists, the, 356

International Brotherhood of Longshoremen, the, 529

International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the, 348

International Building Laborers Protective Association, the, 35, 511

International Fur Workers’ Union, the, 317

International Hod Carriers and Common Laborers, the, 35, 511, 526, 529

International Hotel and Restaurant Employees Alliance, the, 270, 275–76, 288

International Labor Defense (ILD), the, 167, 168, 467, 502, n 81

International Labor News Service, the, 321, 325

International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU), the, 138, 149, 175, 179, 180, 317, 409, 410, 413, 515, 541, 542, 543, 546, 548, 553, 561, 569, 573, 576

International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA), the, 409, 413, 414, 415, 526, 529

International Negro Ministerial Alliance of America, the, 242

International Seamen’s Union, the, 418

International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, the, 470, 488, 489, 490

International Union of Office Workers, the, 314

International Union of Tunnel Workers, the, 546

Interracial Labor Commission, the, 316, 323

Interstate Commerce Act, the, 272, 273

Interstate Commerce Commission, the, 208, 253, 259, 265

Interstate Employment Agency, the, 9

Irish Nationalists, the, 122

Iron Age, 7

Italian Chamber of Labor, the, 387

Ivey, Clarence E., 229

Jackson, Alexander L., 412

Jacobs, G. G., 357

Janitors’ Helpers and Laborers Union, the, 358

Jefferson, Thomas C., 296, 302

“Jim Crowism,” 166, 169, 175, 321, 322, 359, 363, 376, 379

Johns, Professor H. A. M., 183

Johns, Vere E., 119

Johnson, Arnold, 562

Johnson, Charles S., 22, 63, 69, 79, 129, 132, 323, 523, 524, 529, n 6, n 35

Johnson, Clarence R., 303, 305

Johnson, E. M., 301

Johnson, James Weldon, 230, 320, 324, 455, n 52

Johnstone, Jack, 434, 474

Joint Committee on National Recovery, the, 118, 186, 312, 447, n 29

Joint Council Knit Goods Workers’ Union, the 549

Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp., the, 573

Jones, D. J., 229

Jones, Eugene Kinckle, 86, 103, 231, n 22

Jones, Harry T., 218

Jones, Rev. C. A., 219

Jones, Rev. H. P., 219

Jones, Mrs. Robert, 168

Jones, William D., 515

Journal, the Minneapolis, 443

Journal of Commerce, the New York, 7

Journeymen Barbers International Union, the, 354

Joyce, Martin T., 360

Kelley, J. H., 36

Kellogg, Frank B., 230, n 51

Kelly, Edward, 450

Kelso, Harold, 398

Kemp, Edna, 175

Kester, Howard, n 142

Kiefhaber, Edward, 8

King, Carol, 496

Kincaid, Frank, 307

Kilkuski, John, 20

Klein, Dr. Julius, 82

Knabb, Will, 379

Knapp, J. W., 17

Knight, Charles, 31

Knights of Labor, the Noble Order of, 529, 566, n 139

Knights of Pythias, the, 223, 296

Kugler, A. J., 357

Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the, 5, 38, 44, 82, 307, 308, 315, 406, 417, 425, n 2, n 69

Labor Advisory Board, the, 110, 111, 113

Labor Movement, the, 387, 422, 565

La Guardia, Fiorello, n 52

Laidler, Harry W., 73, 231

Lancaster, Roy, 190, 192, 209, 224, 229, 232, 235, 252, n 47

Landis, Judge K. M., 417, 418

Lane, Dennis, 473, n 121

Langer, Louis, 357

Laundry Workers International Union, the, 546, 549

Lawson, Elizabeth, 483

League for Industrial Democracy, the, 73

League of Nations, the, 488

League of Struggle for Negro Rights, the, 115

Le Crow, J. Walter, 496

Ledger, the South Carolina, 5

Lee, Algernon, 231, n 52

Lefkowitz, Abraham, 231, 355

Lehman, William, 175

Lemus, Rienzi B., 305, 320, n 71

Lenin, 388, 390, 433, 434, 435

Lewis, Alfred Baker, 401, n 91

Lewis, John L., 315, 339, 567, 568, 571, 572, 578, n 52, n 68, n 126

Lewis, Mat., 353, 357

Lewis, Peter, 307

Liberty League, the, 447, 452

Lincoln, Abraham, n 58

Lincoln, Robert Todd, 257, 273, n 58

Linton, Mr. S. E., 50

Lippman, Walter, 447, n 113

Locomotive Engineer’s Bank of New York City, 201

Logue, Mr. J. T., 48

Long, Osie L., 296, 297, 301

Long, Mr. W. B., 42

Longfellow (Henry Wadsworth), 162

Lovestone, Jay, 435

Loyola-Sheridan Business Association, the, 165, 166

Lucas, H. W., 208

Lynch, John P., 341

McAdoo, William Gibbs, n 53

McAllister, Frank, 379

McDowell, Mary, 217, 230, n 49

MacDougald, Gertrude E., 206, 231, 320

McGibney, William, 317

McGuire, F. R., 232

Machey, Joseph, 564

McKinney, Ernest Rice, 394

McLauren, B. F., 564

McLoed, Clifford, 563, 564

McNally, Gertrude, 360

McNeal, Jr., Walter S., 492

McNulty, F. J., 357

Macon Railway and Light Co., the, 50

Macon Telegraph, the, 102

Mahoney, Roy, 435

Mahoney, William, 550, 551

Malone, Sam, 296, 301

Manion, E. J., 357, 360

Maras Company, the, 167, 168, 169

Marion Massacre, the, 462

Marine Workers League, the, 134

Marine Transport Workers Industrial Union, the, 412, 414, 416, 420

Markham, Edwin, 542, n 134

Martin, Louise, 175

Marx (Karl), 390

Mason and Dixon Line, the, 23, 519

Massey, Mr. R. L., 43

May Day, 386

May, Ella, 462

Mayo, Eva, 175

Mays, Roberts L., 192, 294–301, n 44, n 71

Mediation Board, the U.S., 234, 240, 249, 251, 252, 260, 262, 264, 265, 269, 280, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 294

Meeney, Tom, 562

Menden, Mr. W. S., 40

Merrill, Irving, 439

Messenger, the, 39, 40, 41, 47, 190, 192, 202, 224, 268, 386, n 47

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, the, 154

Middleton, Jacob, 358

Miller, Abraham, 563, 564

Miller, Dr. Herbert Adolphus, 324

Miller, Kelly, 50, 76, 100, 451, 452, 455, 522, 524, 533, n 18

Milliman, E. E., 360

Minor, Robert, 440

Mississippi-Tennessee Police Association, the, 308

Mitchell, Broadus, 66, 69, n 11

Mitchell, Harry L., n 142

Mitchell, W. C., 252

Mitchell, W. H., 245

Mobile Gas Co., the, 50

Molders’ Union, the, 325, 326, 329

Monroe, J. W., 300

Montgomery Ward and Co., the, 21

Moore, Morris (“Dad”), 217, 229, 289, n 48

Moore, P. A., 564

Moore, Richard B., 292, 459, 476, 481, n 60

Morrison, Frank, n 67

Morehouse College, 51

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 367

Morrison, Frank, 314, 351, 352, 353

Morrison, H. L., 357

Morrow, Hon. Edwin P., 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 262, 283, n 54

Moss, R. Maurice, 124

Motion Picture Machine Operators Union, the, 413

Moton, Robert R., 439, 534, 535

Moyer, Charles A., 360

Moyer, Charles H., 357

Muir, Allison, 23, 31

Munsey, Isaac, 466

Muste, A. J., n 77

Nashville Railway and Light Co., the, 49

Nation, the, 202, 220, 308, 450

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the, 106, 134, 162, 190, 196, 215, 223, 230, 242, 316, 320, 323, 324, 333, 398, 448, 549, n 89, n 142

National Convention of Negro Editors, 331

National Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, the, 223, 242

National Hunger March to Washington, the, 484, n 122

National Hod Carriers and Common Laborers, the, 511

Negro Industrial League, the, n 29

National Industrial Recovery Act, the, 85, 105, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 274, 361, 535, n 21, n 30

National Industrial Recovery Administration (NRA), the, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 128, 271, 338, 398, 568, 573, 578, n 21

National Interracial Conference, the, 323, 325, 332

National Labor Relations Act, the, 506,

National Labor Union, the, 566, n 138

National Miners Union, the, 322, 465–66, 474

National Negro Business League, the, 70, n 12

National Negro Congress, the, 119, 185, 384, 446–52, 577, n 29, n 42, n 109

National Negro Insurance Association, the, 104

National Order of Locomotive Firemen, the, 190, 296, 297

National Railroad Board of Adjustment, the, 366, 370, 374

National Shoe Workers Union, the, 123

National Textile Workers Union, the, 322, 453, 461, 462, 463, 474, 536, n 119

National Urban League, the, 2, 37, 51, 53, 54, 103, 190, 215, 223, 230, 242, 320, 321, 323, 337, 349, 398, 412, 439, 448, 524, 529, 549, n 97

Nazi Germany, 123, 405

Neal, Mr. A. G., 49

Nealy, Frank, 492

Needle Trades Workers’ Industrial Union, the, 174, 175, 322, 425

Neer, Wm. A., 357

Nef, Walter T., 419

Negro Champion, the, 457, 480

Negro Labor Committee, the, 184, 413, 506, 555, 556, 563

Negro Labor Conference, the, 548, 552, 557

Negro Labor Congress, the, 318, 548–65

Negro Little Theatre of Harlem, 51

Negro Migration, the, 6, 9–17, 129

Negro Press Association. 332

“Negro Question,” the, 312

New Deal, the, 98, 104, 115, 118, 121

New Leader, the, 206, n 46

New Negro Liberation Movement, the, 387

“New Negro Movement,” the, n 84

New York Age, the, 120, 207

New York Edison Co., the, 41

New York Telephone Co., the, 39

Newsome, Nora, 162–165

Newton, Herbert, 449

Norris-La Guardia Act, the, n 52

Norris, Rt. Rev. J. Frank, 44

Nachmann Company, the, 160

Oglesby, Ben, 317

Oneal, James, 231, n 92

Oneal, James, “The Workers in American History,” 401

“An Open Letter to the South,” by Langston Hughes, 124

“Open Shop” movement, the, 453

Opportunity, 523, 525

Organized Labor Movement, 508, 525

Ornburn, I. M., 360

Owen, Chandler, 192, 231, 385, 433, 511, n 44

Owens, Gordon, 434

Owens, John, 433

Owens Glass Bottle Blowing Machine, the, 330, 331

Oxley, Lt. Lawrence, 452

Pacific Movement, the, 121

Painters’ Union, the, 317

Paperbox Makers Union, the, 549

Parker, Judge, 393

Parker, Perry, 205

Parnell, Charles Stewart, 122, n 33

Patterson, G. E., 308

Patterson, William L., n 108

Patterson, William, 435

Pearl, Dr. Raymond, 324

Peck, Gustav, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, n 28

Penniman, Jr., George D., 49

Penny, W. H., 296, 301

Peonage, 5, 398, n 4

Perkins, Frances, 86–87, n 23

Peters, A. F., 300

Phaire, Frank, M., 354, 355, 357

Philadelphia Girls’ Trade School, 152

Philadelphia Normal School for Girls, 149

Phillips, A. E., 300

Pickens, William, 231, n 52

Pittsburgh Bureau of Social Research, the, 125

Pittsburgh Courier, the, 207

Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., the, 125

“Plan Eleven,” 573

Plasterers Union, the, 530

Pocketbook Workers International Union, the, 549

Posey, Eugene, 354

Posey, Thomas E., 54

Postal Telegraph, Cable Co., the, 43

Potomac Electric Power Co., the, 50

Powell, Webster, 89, 91, 93, 94

Powell, Sr. Rev. Adam C., 231, n 52

Price, George A., 192, 229

Price, James, 445

Professional Club, 320

Progressive Order of Locomotive Firemen, the, 309

Public Works Administration (PWA), the, 116, 117, n 30

Pugh, James J., 355, 357

Pullman, George Mortimer, 268

Pullman Co., 191–310 passim

Pullman Porters’ Benefit Association of America, 205, 211, 232, 235, 244

Pullman Porters’ Organization, the, 319, 529, 530, 550, 558

Radman, Mr. C. J., 48

Railroad Administration Department, the U.S., 234

Railroad Labor Board, the U.S., 196, 234

Railroad Shop Workers Union, the, 358

Railroad Transportation Act, the, 235, 271, 272, 273, 274, 305

Railway Age, the, 202

Railway Coach and Car Cleaners’ Union, the, 149, 354, 355

Railway Labor Act, the, 222, 236, 239, 249, 251, 252, 261, 271, 274, 275, 366, 373, 374

Railway Men’s International Benevolent Industrial Assoc., the, 35, 190, 294–301, 511, 529, 530, n 44

Railway Telegraphers, the, 332

Rand School of Social Science, 231, n 52

Randolph, A. Philip, 71, 190, 191–310 passim, 319, 336, 346, 361, 363, 364, 369, 370–77 passim, 384, 385, 388, 413, 433, 446, 451, 457, 474–81, 523, 547, 550, 554–57, 563, n 13, n 43, n 47

Randolph, John, 380, n 83

Ransom, Edith, 562, 564

Rausenbush, Hilmar, 525

Red International of Labor Unions, (RILU), the, 425, 428, 468, 567, 568

“Red Summer” of 1919, the, 433

Reddick, W. N., 360

Reed College, 216, 230

Reid, Ira De Augustine, 51, 56, 72, 99, 309, 526, n 8

Republican Party, the, 394, 447, 566

Reynolds, Mr. A. L., 50

Rhone, E. L., 354

Richardson, Edward, 564

Richberg, Donald R., 222, 223, 252, 259, 262, 309

Riley, John, 472

Rivers, John, 18

Roanoke Gas Light Co., the, 49

Roberts, E. F., 296–301 passim

Robertson, Felix, n 69

Robesonia Iron Co., 8–9

Rockefeller, Percy A., 40, 41

Rogers, Douglas, 482

Rooney, John E., 364, 375

Rooney, John G., 365

Roosevelt, Mrs. Franklin D., 184

Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 86, 112, 115, 271, 272, 273, 392, 534, n 23, n 99

Rosemond, Chas. Henry, 322

Rosemond, Henry C., 174, 463

Ross, Mr. J. D., 44

Russell Sage Foundation, the, 323, 324

Ryan, John D., 40

Sacco and Vanzetti, 435

Sacco-Vanzetti Case, the, n 108

Sachs, Samuel, 439

St. Louis Conference on Race Relations, the, 351

St. Louis Nut Pickers Strike, the, 449

St. Martin’s Church Hall, 119

Sanhedrin, 446

Sargent, Attorney General, 211

Save-the-Union Committee, 465

Sayre, Helen, 160

Schilicter, Prof. S. H., 73

Schlossberg, Joseph, 231, n 52

Schneiderman, Rose, n 129

Scholtz, Governor, 379

Schuyler, George S., 39, 42, 47, 121, 224, n 7

Scothorn, Mr. S. S., 47

Scott, Sir Walter, 432

Scottsboro Case, the, 376, 377, 398, 449, 562

Sears Roebuck and Co., the, 21

Sellin, Dr. Thorsten, 324

Seymour, Whitney North, 496

Shannon, George, 227

Sharon, William, 355

Shaw, Mr. J. M., 45

Shaw, Wm., 357

Shields, W. R., 191

Shiplacoff, A. I., 264

Sholtz, David, n 83

Short, Harriet, 184

Shriners, the, 242

Silverman, Dr. A. G., 111

Simmons, Imperial Wizard William Joseph, 417

Simmons, Roscoe C., 300, n 63

Simmons, Senator, 462

Simmons, W. J., 301

Sims, Cleve, 307

Sims, Turner, 307

Sinclair, Upton, n 49

Sixto, Lysa, 562, 564

Slavery, 567

Smith, Mrs. Ella, 168

Smith, Mrs. Laura, 169, 175

Smallwood, R. J., 358

Smedley, Bill, 132

Smith, Bennie, 244–46, 249, 252, 282, 291

Smith, Estelle, 483–84

Smith, Frederick, 41

Smith, John H., 354, 355

Smith, Naola, 192

Smith, Norman, 483–84

Smith, William L., 45

Smyer, Dr. C. Garland, 184

Socialism, 384, 390, 391, 392

Socialist Party of America, the, 389, 392, 394, 398, 474, n 76, n 142

Socialist Trades and Labor Alliance, the, 567

Socialists, 384

Sopkin, Ben, 541, 542, 543

South Pacific Railroad Company, the, 303, 304

Southeastern Express Co., the, 47

Southern Bell Telephone Co., the, 48

Southern Conference of Textile Workers, the, 461

Southern Tariff Assoc., 393

Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union, the, 413, 558, n 99, n 142

Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., the, 48

Spanish-American War, the, 566

Sparrows Point, 31

Stalin, 435

Standard Gas Light Company, the, 40

Stanford, Gussie, 180

Stationary Engineers, the, 332

Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC), the, 570, 576, 577

Steele, J. C., 354

Stock Yards Union, the, 20

Stock Yards Labor Council, the, 471, 472, 473

Stockyard Strike (1904) Chicago, the, 527

Stolberg, Benjamin, 231

Storum, A. E., 300

Stratford, C. Francis, 192

Sugar, Maurice, 133

Suitcase, Bag and Portfolio Workers Union, the, 549

Supreme Court, the U.S., 502

Sweet, ex-Governor, 217, 230

Sweet, William E., n 52

Sylvan, T. P., 39

Sylvester, G. H., 257

Sylvis, William, 566, n 138

Taft, William Howard, 123, n 33

Taylor, Bertram, 564

Taylor, E. N., 441

Taylor, Graham R., 323

Taylor, Jack, 307

Taylor, Thomas, 438

Teamsters Union, the, 546

Tenant farming, 399

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the, 117, 118

Texas Almanac, the 95, 96

Texas, New Orleans Railroad vs. the Railway Clerks, 269

Texas Public Service Co., the, 50

Texas State Federation of Labor, the, 426

Third Internationale, the, 387, 440, 456

Thomas, Norman, 230, 392, n 52

Thornton, Sr., Fred G., 303

Tibbs, Roy, 434

Tolstoy, Count Leo, n 85

Totten, Ashley L., 190, 192, 209, 216, 217, 229, 235, 252, 267, 268, 282, n 43

Towles, John G., 537

Trade Union Committee for Organizing Negro Workers, the, 206, 319, 320, 506, 544–46, 551, 554, n 70

Trade Union Educational League, the, 322, 384, 423–36, 455, 457, 506, n 73, n 102

Trade Union Movement, 510, 518, 522, 524, 553

Trade Union Unity League, the, 127, 177, 384, 461–74, 481, 482, 506, 567, 568, n 117

Transportation Act, the, 196

Trotsky, 388

Trotskyism, 435

Trotter, William Monroe, n 112

Truth, Sojourner, 169, n 39

Tubman, Harriet, 169

Tuckerman, Rev. Joseph, 164

Turner, Edmund, 354, 355

Tuskegee Institute, 51, 515, 535

Twain, Mark, 432

Typographical Union, the, 321, 341

Unemployed Councils, 176, 484, 485, 487, 488, 493, n 40

United Automobile Workers, the, 570

United Cloth Hat and Cap Makers’ Union, the, 317

United Front Committee of Textile Workers, the, 522

United Garment Workers, the 529

United Hebrew Trades, the, 264, 387, 546, 548, 549, n 55

United Mine Workers of America, the, 127, 312, 315, 339, 359, 409, 413, 422, 465–66, 472, 515, 529, 530, 568, 569, 578

United Negro Trades, the, 387

United Piece Dye Works, the, 522

United Textile Workers, the, 530, 536, 569, n 132

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the, 433, n 32

University of California, the 230

University of Denver, the, 230

University of Minnesota, the, 230

University of Pittsburgh, the, 51

University of Southern California, the, 230

Urban League, the Chicago, 21

Urban League, the Pittsburgh, 36, 125

Urban League, the St. Louis, 61

Vailis, John, 301

Van Kleeck, Mary, 324, 325

Van Lear, Thomas, 432

Vann, Robert L., 284, n 59

Vetter, Mr. G. G., 43

Vincent, U. Conrad, 198

Waist and Dress Manufacturers’ Association, the 141

Waldman, Morris D., 123

Walker, John H., n 126

“Wall Street Debacke,” the, 104, n 27

Wall Street Journal, the, 225, 226

Walling, William English, 325, n 76

Walsh, Frank P., 223

Walter, Jr., Noah C. A., 563

Washington, Booker T., 332, 368, 400, 511, n 63, n 90

Washington, J. S., 301

Washington Tribune, the, 207

Watkins, E. A. T., 300

Watson, Doctor D., 208

Watson-Parker Bill, the, 222, 242

Weaver, Robert C., 97, 128, 129, n 25

Webb, C. C., 244

Webb, S. H., 208

Webster, Milton P., 190, 192, 229, 249, 252, 268, 270, 278–94, 300, n 44, n 47

Wechsler, Herbert T., 496

Weddington, James, 308

Weinstein, Rachel, 458

Weisbord, Albert, 522

Welch, Emmett, 89

Wertheimer, 537

West Virginia Coal Strike of 1922, 531

Western Union Telegraph Co., the, 42, 47

White, Judge E. M., 308

White, Walter, 231, 323, 325, 488

White, Jr., P. J., 351

“White-Dog Contract,” 309

Whitfield, George H., 49

Whitman, Walt, 46, 389, n 85, n 134

Whitton, K. M., 445

Wilcox, Joe H., 357

Williams, Aaron, 307

Williams, Harold, 434

Williams, Mary Louise, 161, 162

Williams, Violet, 180

Willis, J. Tinsley, 129

Willits, Joseph H., 89

Wills, H. E., 230

Wilson, Frederick, 354, 355, 357

Wilson, J. Finlay, 292

Wilson, Paul E., 45

Wilson, President Woodrow, 273, n 58

Winchell, Walter, 447, n 113

Wise, Joseph A.,

Woll, Matthew, 321, 341, 361, n 72

Woman’s Bureau, the, n 49

Woman’s Trade Union League, the, 546

Women in Industry Service, 146

Women’s Day Workers League, the, 175

Women’s Trade Union League, the, 168, 548

Wood, Hollingsworth, 439

Woodward, A. F., 9

Workers’ Alliance, the, n 142

Workers (Communist) Party, the, 172, n 109

Workers Education Bureau, the 337, n 77

Workers’ Unemployed Union, the, 562

World Negro Congress, the, 341

World War I, 138, n 44

Worthman, Mr. T. J., 46

Wright, W. C., 300

Wyatt, Judge Lee, 490

Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, the, 306-07

“Yellow Dog” Contracts, 291

Yergan, Max, 451

Yoder, William L., 46

Young, J. 0., 44

Young, Thomas, 563

Young Men’s Christian Association, the, 21, 134, 230, 279, 451, 471

Young Women’s Christian Association, (Y.W.C.A.), the, 106

Young Workers (Communist) League, 321

Zausner, Philip, 231

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