Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, 465
Abel, Iorwith W., 224, 232, 287, 392, 296, 399, n 117
Abernathy, Ralph David, 194, 405, 477, 487, 496, 509, 512, 513, 516, 517, 521, 522, 524, 528, 532, 534, 535, n 140
Abzug, Bella S., 475, 544, n 136
Afro-American League of the U.S., 340
Agnew, Spiro, 234, 269, 337, 351, 355, n 93
Ahlgren, Frank R., 409
Alcindor, Lew, 465
Alda, Alan, 538
Aldridge, Rev. John W., 419
Alexander, Kelly M., 134
Ali, Muhammad, 546
Allegheny County Labor Council, 391
Allen, Hazel, 308
Alliance for Labor Action, 278, 327
Allied Industrial Workers of America, 93, 364
Alperin, Matthew, 549
Alvarenga, Joyce, 490
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union, 114, 287, 312, 364, 445, 542
Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen (AMCBU), 70, 102, 192, 333, 347, 352, 361, 364, 366, 369, 370, 371
American Committee on Africa, 305
American Federation of Government Employees, 86, 364
AFL-CIO, 16, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168
American Federation of Labor (AFL) 290, 291
AFL-CIO Building and Construction Trades Department, 86, 87, 98, 103, 112, 401, 447, 451
AFL-CIO Central Labor Council, 418
AFL-CIO Civil Rights Committee, 181
AFL-CIO Civil Rights Department, 61, 62, 63, 77, 83, 98, 106, 107, 108, 110, 113, 116, 117, 118, 120, 127, 132, 133, 136, 137, 163, 169, 176, 181, 182
AFL-CIO Industrial Union Department, 75, 78, 92, 100, 114, 136, 152, 153
AFL-CIO Committee on Political Education, 197, 377, 418, 444, 449
AFL-CIO Maritime Trades Department, 449
AFL-CIO Metal Trades Council, 168
American Federation of Musicians, 109, 165, 364
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), 115, 192, 330, 339, 341, 347, 351, 355, 361, 364, 365, 366, 369, 370, 371, 404, 406, 408, 415, 417, 418, 445, 508
American Federation of Teachers, 192, 291, 361, 364, 369
American Jewish Committee, 127
American Jewish Congress, 127
American Medical Association, 94, 327
American Negro Labor Council, 539
American Newspaper Guild, 326
American Nurses Association, 480
American Postal Workers Union, 364
American Red Cross, 486
American Tobacco Company, 86, 509
American Civil Liberties Union, 500
Americans for Democratic Action, 500
Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Free Masons, 135
Anderson, Willard, 443
Anti-War March on Washington, 487
Apprenticeship, the U.S. Bureau of, 84
Aronson, Arnold, 114
Ashlock, Ervin, 271
Assistant Printing Pressmen Union, 168
Associated Builders and Contractors, 468
Association of Fire Fighters, 167
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, 165
Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S., 448
Austin, Dick, 353
Austin, Ollie, 305
Back to Africa Movement, 159, 161, 289
Bailey, Pearl, 357
Bakery and Confectionary Workers’ International Union of America, 364
Ballard, Henry, 135
Balogh, James, 392
Balogh, Sigmund, 392
Baltimore Building Trades Council, 455
Baranczak, Stanislaw, 547
Barr, John U., 55
Bass, Jack, 527
Bates, Daisy, 515
Battle, 3rd, Robert, 257, 433, 434
Bauman, Mordecai, 540
Bayer, Pam, 31
Bazelon, David, 151
Becknell, Leotha, 490
Belafonte, Harry, 541, 545, 546
Bell, Bobby, 274
Bell, Patricia, 311
Berek, Judy, 481
Berg, Russell K., 449
Berking-Sutton Bill, 492
Betters, James, 392
Bibb, Leon, 545
Biemiller, Andrew J., 115, n 56
Bill of Rights, 49, 60, 64, 319, 495
Bimbo, Alonzo, 441
Black and White Get It Together Caucus, 443
Black capitalism, 278, 292, 289
Black Legislative Caucus, 334
Black Liberation Movement, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 279, 281, 283, 288, 289
Black Nationalism, 233, 239, 278
Black Panther Caucus (BPC), 267, 269
Black Panther Party, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 278, n 84
Black Reconstruction, 312
Black Trade Unionists, 334, 335, 342, 346, 347, 348, 355, 361, 364, 371, 372
Black United Front, 255
Black Workers Congress, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 225, 228, 229, 233
Black Workers Congress Women’s Commission, 228
Blackburn, Rev. Malcolm, 416, 419, 420
Blue, George, 348
Bluestone, Irving, 151
Boggs, Maywood, 451
Bon, Anton, 392
Bonadio, Frank, 448
Bond, Horace Julian, 356, 512, n 107
Bonsai, Dudley, 465
Boston State College Coalition, 456, 457, 458
Boykin, James, 481
Boyle, William A. (“Tony”), 225, 268, 293, n 92
Braden, Henry, 455
Bread and Roses, 483, 537, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 548, 551, 552, 553
Brennan, Peter J., 152, 224, 366, 367, 369, 371, 446, 447, 460, 463, 464, n 126
Brennan, William, 35, 36, 38, 40, n 10
Brewster, Rev. W. Herbert, 420
Bricklayers, Masons, Plasterers’ International Union of America, 125, 163, 314, 364
Brookins, Willie, 240
Brooks, Charles, 352
Broome, F. William, 519
Brooks, Thomas R., 383
Brosius, Peter, 549
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, 166, 191
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 166
Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, 133, 163, 164, 190
Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America, 165
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 57, 58, 71, 79, 123, 125, 126, 128, 129, 132, 133, 135, 159, 160, 161, 306, 307, 317, 325, 371
Brothers, Brenda, 533
Brown, Bill, 455
Brown, Charles, 401
Brown, Gloria, 441
Brown, Iran, 535
Brown, Leo, 308
Brown, Sadie, 524
Brown v. Board of Education, 176, 180
Brulja, Matt, 392
Bryant, William Cullen, 188
Building and Construction Trades Council, 66, 110, 378
Building and Construction Trades Council of New York, 446, 460, 463
Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S., 371
Burger, Warren E., 35, 36, 37, n 11
Burke, Bob, 327
Burke, Joseph F., 450
Burke, Rufus, 265
Burke-Hartke Bill, 371
Burns, Danny, 441
Burns, James McGregor, 374, n 109
Calderwood, Stan, 300
Callahan, Mary, 95
Cambridge, Godfrey, 538
Canty, Pearline, 537
capitalism, 221, 224, 227, 229, 224, 233, 239, 244, 245, 252, 254, 260, 262
capitalist, 232, 286, 289, 290, 291, 296
Caplan, Marvin, 114
Carey, James B., 53, 58, 62, 64, 71, 72, 75, 77, n 29
Carnovsky, Morris, 538
Carter Administration, 444
Carter, Margaret, 526
Carter, Jimmy, 41, 44, 118, 160, 201, n 21
Carver Federal Savings and Loan Association, 135
Catholic Council on Human Relations, 419
Catholic Interracial Council, 99, 121
Cavness, Charles, 400
Center for Social Change, 118
Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, 373
Central High School, 60
Chamberlain, Wilt, 354
Chandler, Dr. Cleveland A., 330
Charleston Chamber of Commerce, 519
Charleston County Hospital, 476, 508, 517, 524, 530, 531, 532, 533, 535, 536
Charleston Medical College, 476, 507, 512, 514
Chavez, Cesar, 113
Chicago, Judy, 545
Chicago Packinghouse Workers, 291
Chisholm, Shirley A., 512, 525, n 143
Chrysler Corporation, 210, 237, 238, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 256, 257, 259, 266, 269, 270, 271, 275, 425, 444
Church Ushers Association of Brooklyn and Long Island, 135
Churchill, Ray, 416
Churchill, Winston, 200
Chwast, Jacqueline, 547
Citizens Committee to Aid the Lawrence Hospital Strikers, 493
Civil Rights Act of 1957, 60
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 18, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 100, 106, 111, 114, 115, 117, 118, 135, 161, 192, 317, 328, 386, 387, 421, 429, 451, 452, 459, 505, 515
Civil Rights Act of 1965, 107, 176
Civil Rights Bill of 1966, 102, 151
Civil Rights Commission, the U.S., 60, 111, 114, 125, 190, 191, 410, 464
Clark, Sondra, 480
Clarke, Oscar, 305
Cleveland Community Relations Board, 191
Coalition for Labor Union Women, 120, 181
Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, 332, 361, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 44
Code on Fair Trade Union Racial Practices, 127
Coe, Sue, 547
Cole, Edward, 256
Cole, Lewis, 542, 549, 551, 554
Collins, Judy, 542
Colm, Gerhard, 374
Colon, Miriam, 542
Colorado Labor Council, 96
Committee for Justice for Pittsburgh Hospital Workers, 474, 500
Committee on Equal Opportunity in Apprenticeship and Training, 84
Committee on the Move for Equality (MOVE), 407
Communication Workers of America, 364, 367
communism, 70, 89, 209, 226, 330, 425, 548
Communist Party - U.S.A. (CPUSA), 207, 208, 209, 211, 214, 218, 219, 220, 225, 226. 227, 244, 268, 269
communistic, 73
communists, 65, 67, 70, 72, 125, 126, 138, 159, 170, 188, 212, 215, 218, 219, 220, 222, 226, 227, 280, 291, 330, 348, 425, 517
Community Action Program (CAP), 444
Community Legal Services, Inc., 453
Community Progress, Inc., 87
Concerned Citizens Committee, 493
Concerned Clergy of Charleston, 523, 533
Concerned Transit Workers, 224
Congress, the U.S., 78, 94, 100, 101, 106, 107, 110, 115, 116, 127, 136, 137, 158, 189, 319, 323, 338, 340, 341, 343, 368, 375, 387, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 451
Congress of Industrial Organizations Committee on Civil Rights, 53, 59, 60, 62, 63, 91
Congress of Industrial Organizations Committee to Abolish Racial Discrimination, 53, 54
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 103, 104, 127, 209, 315, 329, 493, 474, 512, n 52
Congressional Black Caucus, 353, 354, 357, 372
Connor, Eugene (“Bull”) T., 121, 328, n 63
Copeland, Lehman, 433
Conroy, John F., 519
Constitution, the U.S., 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 60, 67, 110, 319, 395, 424
Construction Stabilization Board, 344
Conway, Mimi, 542
Corbett, Ray, 460
Corey, Professor Irwin, 542
Cost of Living Council (COLC), 479
Cousy, Bob, 465
Cowan, Frank, 352
Creamer, J. Shane, 453
Crosswaith, Frank R., 50, 124, 305, 306, 307, 308, 311, n 24
Cunningham, Sarah, 538
Curran, Joseph E., 53, 70, 76, n 28
Daniels, Floyd, 240
Darnell, Emma, 16
Daughters of Israel, 490
Daughters of Jacob, 491
David, Aberdeen, 478
Davis, Fred, 409
Davis, John F., 445
Davis, Leon J., 92, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 479, 482, 484, 487, 489, 490, 491, 492, 495, 497, 524, 534, 537, n 131
Davis, Ossie, 482, 485, 493, 495, 525, 538, 539, 541, 542, 544, 546, 549, 551, 552, n 139
Davis, Jr., Sammy, 343, 354, 356, 357
Davis, Walter, 16, 88, 108, n 7
Davis-Bacon Act, 468
Deas, Rosabelle, 536
Debs, Eugene, 547
Dee, Ruby, 482, 485, 538, 541, 542, 544, 546, n 139
Dellums, C. L., 135
Dellums, Ronald V., 444, n 123
Democratic Party, 209, 244, 249, 252, 333, 336, 337, 350, 356, 370, 371, 445, 479
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 233
Densmore, Henry, 166
Depression, the Great, 202, 203, 252, 459, 497
diDonato, Pietro, 461
Diggs, Jr., Charles C., 424, n 119
Distillery, Rectifying, Wine and Allied Workers’ International Union of America, 364
Distributive, Processing and Office Workers of America, 327, 329, 338, 347, 352, 361, 364, 367, 369, 370, 371
Dixiecrats, 51, 55, 81, 136, 186, 424, 427
Dixon, Roy, 455
Dobbins, Anderson L., 190
Doctor, Bobby, 410
Dodge Main Plant, 236, 240, 241, 248, 261, 264, 265, 266, 272
Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement (DRUM), 224, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 249, 264, 265, 266
Donahue, Thomas R., 121, 177, n 62
Dorsey, Ralph, 549
Dotter, Earl, 542
Douglas, Paul H., 335, 336, n 101
Douglass, Frederick, 475, n 135
Downes, Kenneth, 472
Dress and Waist Pressers, 305
Dressmakers Union, 305
Drew, Cornelius J., 124
Drug and Hospital Employes Union, 287, 482, 486, 513, 537
Drug Division Council, 484
Dubin, Marshall, 481, 539, 544
Dubinsky, David, 98, 169, 170, 171, 173, 187, 294, n 51
Du Bois, W. E. B., 159, 161, n 70
Dubrow, Evelyn, 182
Eastland, James O., 89, 169, 358, 359, 424, 425, 426, n 73
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, 25
Edney, Steve, 182
Edwards, Nelson Jack, 330, 334, 339, 341, 342, 347, 348, 351, 352, 361, 366, 369, 371, n 104
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 51, 60, 61, 66, 124, 125, 186, 337, n 26
Eldon Gear and Axle Plant, 237, 240, 248, 261, 264, 265, 270, 271, 272
Eldon Avenue Revolutionary Movement (ELRUM), 235, 236, 237, 238, 249, 270
Elliot, Joe, 237
Elliot, Walter, 353
Emancipation Proclamation, 92, 114, 315
Emergency Summit Conference of Third World People, 215
Employment Act of 1946, 140, 144
Epps, Jesse, 417
Epps, Labrone, 500
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 13, 14, 15, 32, 107, 108, 111, 114, 117, 118, 120, 181, 190, 192, 397, 460, 506, 543
Equal Opportunity Employment Act of 1972, 176
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 120, 176
Evans, Frank, 58, 93, 96, 97, 99
Evans, Fred Ahmed, 263
Evans, Sam, 409
Evers, Charles, 340
Ewen, Frederick, 538
Executive Order 8802, 159, n 71
Executive Order 11063, 78
Executive Order 11246, 15, 506, 507, n 5
Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC), 13, 58, 78, 84, 108, 127, 168, 183, 423, 427, 428
Fair Housing Act of 1968, 176
Fair Housing Act of 1979, 120
Fair, John, 401
Fair Labor Standards Act, 136, 375
Fair Union Practices Board, 63
Fagan, Edward, 308
Fanon, Frantz, 239
Farm Equipment-United Electrical Workers (FEUE), 435
Farm Workers Union, 287
Farmer, James, 326, 329, 474, n 96
Fasanella, Ralph, 542, 545, 547, 548
fascism, 67, 227, 268, 276, 279, 300, 330, 514
Featherstone, Ralph, 263
Federal Housing Authority (FHA), 78, 101, 309
Federal Reserve Board, 138
Federation for Constitutional Government, 55
Federation of Negro Civil Service Organizations, 305
Fifteenth Amendment, 126, 175, 312
Fight Back, 224, 359, 371, 461, 465, 468
Fire Fighters Union, 372
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 86
First Amendment, 413
First National Trade Union Civil Rights Conference, 60
Fitzsimmons, Frank E., 268, n 92
Fleary, George, 134
Floore, George, 17
Fobbs, Annie, 536
Fonda, Jane, 546
Foner, Henry, 495
Foner, Moe, 473, 476, 477, 482, 495, 496, 524, 525, 537, 538, 544, 545, 546, 553, 554, n 132
Food and Tobacco Workers, 327
Food Packers Association, 364
Food Trades Vocational High School, 485
Ford, Charles, 392
Ford, Father George B., 475
Ford, Gerald, 17, 43, 44, n 20
Ford Foundation, 209, 210, 540
Ford II, Henry, 256
Ford Motor Company, 236, 237, 240, 257, 259, 269, 270, 433, 439
Ford Revolutionary Union Movement (FRUM), 235, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242
Forge, Rushie, 272
Forman, James, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, n 86
Forrester, Martin, 305
Foster, Stephen, 465
Four Freedoms, Inc., 392
Fourteenth Amendment, 126, 175, 312, 413
Fox, Art, 242
Fox, Joseph, 307
Franklin, E. J., 531
Franklyn, Hardy, 134
Fraser, Douglas A., 179, 247, 251, 252, 253, 444, 445, 543, n 78
Frasier, Woodrow, 500
Frazier, E. Franklin, 382, n 110
Freedom Budget, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 374, 376, 450
Freeman, Ellsworth, 431
Freeman, Gordon M., 449, n 129
Frost, Robert, 178
Fuller, Alex, 16
Fuller, Mabel, 305
Fund for Tomorrow, Inc., 540
Galamison, Rev. Milton A., 135, 539
Gandhi, Mahatma, 80, 386, n 115
Garrison, Lloyd, 124
Garson, Barbara, 549, 551, 552, 554
Garvey, Marcus, 159, 161, 233, n 70
Geer, Will, 538
General Building Contractors Association, 454
General Motors Corporation, 40, 66, 167, 210, 229, 256, 258, 259, 269, 270, 292, 425
Gerber, Martin, 444
Gerdts, Abigail Booth, 540
Giamboi, Joe, 459
Gianotti, Frank B., 412
Gibbons, Harold, 330
Gildea, James C., 16
Gilford, Madeline, 544
Glover, Lottie Mae, 529
Godfrey, Bernice, 490
Godoff, Elliott, 472, 477, 480, 488, 490, 495, 497, 501, 509, 510, 524, 526, 527, 528, 535
Godwin, Lemond, 16
Goldberg, Arthur J., 66, 69, n 41
Goldberg, Moshe, 479
Golden Foundation, the John, 540
Goldman, Eric F., 385
Gompers, Samuel, 64, 118, 197, 222, 396, 545, 546, 548, n 40
Goodman, Howard, 453
Gootnick, Margery, 479
Goree, Henrietta, 501
Goudia, Kernell, 33
Grady, Rev. Z. L., 523
Grant, Micki, 542, 549, 551, 552, 554
Great Society, 138, 141, 150, 153
Greathouse, Pat, 444
Greeley, Horace, 191
Green, Ernest, 462
Green, Richard, 135
Green, Sol, 311
Grossman, Robert, 547
Guild of Professional, Technical and Clerical Employees, 475, 478
Guinan, Matthew, 96
Guthrie, Arlo, 542
Gutman, Herbert G., 541
Haggerty, Cornelius J., 268, 448, 449, n 92
Hague, Howard R., 392
Hall, Paul, 169, 448, 449, n 74
Hamilton, Edward, 464
Hamlin, Michael, 210, 228, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 243
Hampton, Fred, 263
Harlem Trades Union, 124
Harris, Edward, 416
Harrington, Michael, 538
Harrison, George M., 71, 75, 76, 88, 131, 164, n 45
Harrison, Tony, 352
Hart, William, 391
Hartford Plan, 455
Hartke, Rupert Vance, 384, n 112
Hartung, William, 59
Hastings Center Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences, 543
Hatcher, Lillian, 338, 348, 352
Haughton, James, 459, 460, 468, n 129
Hawkins-Humphrey Bill, 178
Hayes, Charles, 67, 332, 333, 334, 338, 339, 342, 343, 346, 352, 361, 366, 369, 370, 371, n 44
Hayes, Vertis, 433
Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), the Department of, 100, 342, 504, 505, 511
Height, Dorothy I., 512, n 142
Heller, W. W., 15
Helstein, Ralph, 88, 151, n 48
Henderson, Vivian, 16, 151, 153
Herberg, Will, 173
Heyward, Mrs. D. P., 530
Higgins, Msgr. George G., 467, 468
High School of Fashion Trades (N.Y.), 539
Hill, David, 501
Hill, Herbert, 170, 171, 172, 173, 445, 450, 460, 464, 466
Hill, Norman, 151
Hilbert, Paul, 391
Hines, Gregory, 545
Hitler, Adolph, 94, 200, 423, 424
Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers, 165
Hodgson, James D., 16, 232, n 7
Hoff, William, 517
Holland, James, 166
Hollie, Ronald, 478
Holloman, Frank, 416
Holman, M. Carl, 26
Holmes, Adolph, 16
Holmes, Robert, 444
Hooks, Benjamin L., 119, 175, 179, 195, 201, n 59
Hooks, Robert, 538
Hoover, President Herbert, 45
Horne, Gerald, 31
Horowitz, Rachelle, 151
Horston, Kenny, 269
Horton, Clarence, 271
Hosley, Fred, 265
Hospital and Nursing Home Workers, 517
Hospital Delegate Assembly, 492
Hotel and Allied Service Union, 305
Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, 132, 314, 364
House Judiciary Committee, 78
House Labor and Education Committee, 170
Housing Act of 1965, 158
Howe, Stephen, 549
Hughes, Richard J., 445, n 125
Hugo, Victor, 185
Human Resources Development Institute (HRDI), 116, 117
Humphrey, Hubert H., 38, 446, n 15
Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act, 118, 119, 199
Hunton, George, 99
Hutcheson, M. A., 449
Hyde, Al, 352
Illinois Union of Social Services’ Employees, 364
imperialism, 221, 224, 227, 228, 231, 232, 233, 254, 260
imperialists, 231, 275, 277, 282
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 290
Innis, Roy, 512
Interdenominational Ministers’ Alliance, 414
Interdenominational Ministers’ Alliance of Brooklyn and Long Island, 134
International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, 190
International Association of Machinists (IAM), 364, 372, 539
International Association of Marble, Slate and Stone Polishers, Rubbers, and Sawyers, Tile and Marble Setters Helpers and Terrazzo Helpers, 364
International Black Appeal (IBA), 264, 265
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), 62, 76, 85, 87, 125, 163, 165, 166, 190, 191, 448, 449, 462
International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers of America and Canada, 67, 74, 86, 165
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 325, 330, 331, 361, 364, 371, 384, 444
International Chemical Workers Union, 167
International Fire Fighters Association, 166
International Harvester Company, 87, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 443
International Laborers Union of America, 16
International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union, 95, 99, 115, 165, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 187, 277, 293, 294, 296, 306, 312, 364, 551, 552, 553
International Longshoremen’s Association, 87, 364, 510
International Transport Workers Union of America, 64, 73, 96, 123, 124, 176
International Union of Electrical Workers, 71, 72, 94, 95, 445
International Union of Operating Engineers, 168, 453, 464
International Woodworkers of America, 364
Iron and Structural Steel Workers Union, 165, 314, 445
Italian American Labor Council, 369
Jackson, Allan, 305, 307, 308, 310
Jackson, Andrew, 200
Jackson, Anne, 542
Jackson, Maynard H., 16, 454, n 7
Jackson, Dr. Ralph, 415, 417, 418, 419, 420
Jacobs, Sophi Yarnall, 124
James, Stanley, 275
Javits, Senator Jacob, 13, 152, 521, n 2
Jefferson Avenue Revolutionary Union Movement (JARUM), 235, 238
Jennings, Colie, 406
Jewish Labor Committee, 55
Jim Crow, 15, 57, 89, 105, 127, 132, 133, 134, 170, 171, 173, 207, 288, 382, 388, 423, 493
Job Development Program, 14
Johnson, Eddy, 465
Johnson, Edrena, 477
Johnson, James, 232, 263, 269, 270, 271, 272
Johnson, President Lyndon Baines, 13, 43, 66, 69, 100, 101, 107, 111, 115, 135, 137, 153, 161, 198, 201, 202, 429, 448, 513, n 3
Johnson II, Napoleon, 16
Johnson, Rae, 265
Johnson, Ray, 240
Jolly, A. C., 308
Jones, Hubert L., 17
Jones, James Earl, 544
Jones, Paul, 343
Jordan, Jr., Vernon E., 16, 201, 392, n 6
Justice, U.S. Department of, 56, 60, 61, 78, 100, 108, 111, 114, 166, 181, 182, 190, 516
Kahn, Tom, 151
Kaiser Aluminum Company, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 177
Kaplan Fund, Inc., the J. J., 540
Keenen, Joseph D., 48, 88, 90, 91
Kempton, Murray, 385
Kennedy, Beverly, 534
Kennedy, Edward M., 384, 521, n 112
Kennedy, President John F., 43, 64, 78, 94, 114, 125, 161, 186, 207, 234, 338, 387, 497, n 19
Kerner Commission Report, 292, 325, 430
Keyserling, Leon, 151, 152, 153, 450
Kheel, Theodore W., 124
King, Bill, 546
King, Coretta Scott, 119, 194, 476, 477, 478, 487, 496, 501, 502, 511, 512, 513, 514, 517, 520, 523, 528, 543
King, Jr., Martin Luther, 67, 68, 74, 104, 114, 118, 119, 126, 139, 180, 181, 184, 188, 198, 201, 202, 243, 256, 277, 317, 326, 328, 329, 333, 350, 354, 383, 386, 404, 405, 406, 429, 450, 472, 474, 477, 487, 493, 496, 500, 508, 511, 515, 516, 525, 532, 543, n 42
King Center for Social Change, 543
King, Rev. D. E., 332
Kircher, Bill, 193
Kirkland, Joseph Lane, 120, 159, 161, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 201, 202, 377, 386, n 61
Kissinger, Henry A., 210, 234, n 89
Klein, Robert, 544
Knight, Elizabeth, 305
Kosloski, Al, 471
Kowalski, Joseph, 270
Ku Klux Klan, 52, 55, 101, 119, 135, 164, 177, 178, 181, 312, n 27
Labor, the U.S. Department of, 14, 16, 84, 109, 112, 137, 168, 190, 191, 330, 450, 452
Labor Council for Latin-American Advancement, 120, 181
Labor Education Advancement Program (LEAP), 16, 17, 112, 116, 117, 454, 455
Labor Leadership Assembly for Peace, 476
Laborers International Union of North America, 364
LaFrage Institute, the John, 152
Landrum-Griffin Act, 91, 96, 449, n 49
Laquer, Walter, 385
LaRocque Bey Dancers, 539
Lasley, Russell R., 74
Latin, Pete, 392
Laundry and Dry Cleaning International Union, 364
Laurence, Jacob, 545
Lawson, Jr., Rev. James M., 404, 405, 407, 408, 413
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR), 107, 113, 114, 115, 120, 384, 430
League for Registered Nurses, 480
League of Revolutionary Black Workers, 210, 211, 235, 238, 241, 242, 245, 248, 249, 253, 254, 255, 257, 259, 287
League of Voluntary Hospitals, 479, 480
Lee, Curtis, 240
Lee, Rev. G. W., 183
Left-Center Coalition, 276, 279, 281, 384
Lehman, Herbert H., 473, n 132
Leonard, Eddie, 401
Leonard, Edward J., 449, n 129
Leonard, Vincent M., 500
Lewis, Anthony, 385
Lewis, Howard, 272
Lewis, John L., 123, 130, 197, 548, n 65
Lewis, Sid, 272
Lewis, Thelma, 500
Liberal Party, 172
Lincoln, Abraham, 89, 327, 546
Lindsay, Mayor John, 459, 460, 462, 464, 465, 513
Little Rock High School, 462
Livengood, Delbert, 502
Livingston, David, 325, 326, 328, 475
Local 1199 (of the Drug and Hospital Employees Union), 470–554 passim
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 272, 343, 356
Loeb, Henry, 404, 405, 406, 408, 409, 411, 412, 413, 415, 417, 420
Loeb, William, 411
Logan, Rose, 240
London, Jack, 185
Longstreth, W. Thatcher, 234, 450
Loughlin, James, 450
Lowell, Stanley, 445
Lucy, William, 330, 334, 338, 339, 341, 351, 355, 361, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371
Lundstrom, Chet, 443
Lyerson, Frank T., 166
Lyles, Helen, 500
Lynch, Matt, 414
McCarthy, Joseph R., 207, n 81
McBride, Lynwood, 501
McCone Commission, 432
McCord, Dr. William M., 476, 477, 502, 509, 510, 511, 514, 518, 523
McCormick Workers Reaper Division, 434
McCrae, Whit, 352
McCree, Jr., Wade H., 424, n 119
McDaniel, Billy, 549
McDaniel, William Foster, 549
McDonald, David J., 62, 64, 68, 79, 88, 123, 169, 170, 171, 187, 391, 392, 396, n 37
MacDonald, J. C., 416
McGovern, George, 337, 338, 340, 345, 350, 351, 356, 365, 370, 371, n 102
McNair, Robert E., 509, 510, 512, 517, 518, 519, 523, 524, n 138
McNamara, James, 465
McRae, Bernest, 526
Madison Square Garden, 479
Magee, Henry, 335
Maimonides Medical Center, 472
Makeba, Miriam, 539
Mallon, Edna, 482
Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, 25
Mansfield, Michael J., 384, n 112
Mao Tse Tung, 213, 217, 219, 226
March on Washington Movement, 58, 81, 82, 159, n 35
March on Washington, the 1963, 141, 142, 160, 180, 326, 328, 329, 371, 377
Marcuse, Herbert, 385
Marshall, Raymond, 107
Marshall, Thurgood, 171, 182, 194, 341, 473, n 29
Marshall, William (Bill), 274, 444
Martin, Louie, 201
Marxism, 209–42, 276–81 passim, 425
Maryland Freedom Union, 103
Mason-Dixon Line, 94
Mathias Amendment, 102
May, Rev. Joseph H., 135
Meany, George, 34, 50–139 passim, 170–202 passim, 222, 268, 306, 313–35 passim, 344, 349, 365–87 passim, 428, 448, 461, 515, 525
Medal of Freedom, 161
Medical College of South Carolina, 502, 503, 506, 509, 510, 520
Medical College Hospital (S.C.), 476, 477, 503, 504, 508, 516, 517, 518, 523, 524, 526, 529, 531, 533, 534, 535, 536
Memphis City Council, 413, 414, 416, 417, 420
Memphis Council on Human Rights, 419
Metcalf, Ralph, 334, 338, 345, n 99
Metropolitan African Methodist-Episcopal Church, 159, 160
Metropolitan Ministry in Higher Education, 456
Metropolitan Transit Authority, 406
Metzenbaum, Howard M., 384, n 112
Michel, Robert, 173
Michelson, Bill, 491
Mid–Atlantic States Apprenticeship Conference, 110
Miners for Democracy, 225
Mitchell, Clarence, 114, 136, 199, 201, 384, n 54
Mitchell, John, 455
Mitchell, Ted, 490
Mitchell, Theodore, 472
Molders International Union, 109
Mondale, Joan, 547
Mondale, Walter, 521
Monserrat, Joseph, 474
Montgomery, David, 500
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 328
Montgomery Bus Company, 207
Moon, Prince, 352
Moore, Edith, 352
Moore, Ferman, 432
Mooty, Rayfield, 399, 401, 402
Mostel, Zero, 545
Motley, Constance, 309
Moultrie, Mary Ann, 193, 195, 477, 510, 514, 516, 517, 518, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 532, 534, 535
Moyers, Bill, 543
Muehlenkamp, Bob, 480
Murphy, Hugh, 16
Murphy, John, 88
Murray, Philip, 386, 548, n 113
Murray-Green-Meany Award, 386
Muse, Benjamin, 416
Musicus, Milton, 463
Muskie, Edmund, 384, 521, n 112
Mussolini, Benito, 170
Myrdal, Gunnar, 80
Nagler, Isidore, 306
National Ad Hoc Committee of Concerned Negro UAW Members, 433
National Ad Hoc Committee of Concerned Steelworkers, 397, 398, 399, 402
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, 414, 415
National Afro-American Labor Council, 330, 331, 347, 350
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 50, 54, 55, 62, 76, 77, 97, 106, 114, 119, 126, 127, 133, 134, 136, 152, 157, 162, 165, 167, 168–209 passim, 305, 306, 313, 314, 315, 362, 371, 384, 406, 408, 422–28, 439, 445, 446, 450, 460, 462, 464, 466, 473, 474, 487, 493, 512, 514
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 67, 90, 189, 390, 468, n 43
National Catholic Council for Interracial Justice, 419
National Conference of Christians and Jews, 409
National Conference of Plans for Progress, 446
National Council of Churches, 419
National Council of Distributive Workers, 326
National Council of Negro Women, 512
National Council of Senior Citizens, 181
National Defense Council, 91
National Education Association, 364, 372, 445
National Endowment for the Arts, 540, 545, 551
National Endowment for the Humanities, 540, 545, 548
National Football League Players Association, 551
National Institute of Labor Education, 87
National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council, 114
National Labor Relations Act, 446, 478, 510
National Labor Relations Board, 61, 65, 72, 75, 76, 163, 166, 173, 389, 446, 449, 478, 480
National League of Cities, 352
National Medical Association, 93
National Museum of American History, 547
National Negro Congress, 159
National Organizing Committee (NOC), 241, 242, 246, 247, 249, 250, 252, 253
National Organizing Committee of Hospital and Nursing Home Employes, 476, 510, 512, 513, 521, 526, 528
National Planning Association, 374
National Postal Office Mail Handlers Board, 372
National Sharecroppers Fund, 305
National Steelworkers Rank and File, 401
National Transport Association, 167
National Welfare Rights Organization, 512
National Youth Act, 331
National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees, 478, 481, 482, 540, 544, 546, 548, 551, 552, 553
National Union of Hospital and Nursing Home Employees (NUHNHE), 486, 487, 488, 496, 498
National Urban Coalition, 26, 120
National Urban League, 13, 14, 15, 16, 55, 152, 314, 315, 316, 512
Negro American Labor Council (NALC), 125, 127, 128, 133, 134, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 493, 512
Negro Labor Assembly, 305, 308
Negro Labor Committee, 50, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311
Negro Steelworkers Leadership Committee, 402
Negro Trade Union Leadership Council, 110
Neibuhr, Reinhold, 483
Nelson, Chris, 352
Nessim, Barbara, 547
New Breed Democratic Trade Union Caucus, 434
New Detroit Committee, 239, 255
Newman, Winn, 108
Newport News (Va.) Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, 278
New York City Central Labor Council, 473, 543
New York City Commission on Human Rights, 326, 445, 446, 460, 539
New York Furriers Union Joint Council, 192
New York Plan, 459, 460, 463, 464, 465
New York State Building and Construction Trades Council 224, 369
New York Teachers Guild, 305
Nicholas, Henry, 476, 478, 487, 495, 499, 524, 527, 531, 535
Nixon, Russell A., 461
Nixon, President Richard Milhous, 43, 44, 66, 111, 115, 118, 210, 215, 222, 223, 224, 228, 232, 234, 263, 269, 278, 293, 296, 330, 334, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 343, 349, 350, 351, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 365, 368, 380, 383, 385, 451, 464, 479, 516, 519, 521, 525, n 20
Normile, Paul, 392
Noroian, Edward, 500
Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 26, 151, 543, n 9
Nunez, Judge Emilio, 474
O’Casey, Sean, 538
Office and Professional Employees International Union, 132, 364
Office of Civil Rights, the U.S., 502, 505, 508
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the U.S., 148, 369
Office of Federal Contract Compliance, the U.S., 108, 181, 192, 369, 447, 448, 449, 450, 452, 454, 455, 460, 464
Office of Manpower Automation and Training, the U.S., 87
Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union, 167, 372
Old Slave Mart, 526
Oliver, William, 176
Olwell, William, 182
O’Malley, Father John, 501
O’Neal, Frederick D., 121, 182, n 62
Oneita Strike, 213
Operation Breadbasket, 335, n 100
Operation Dixie, 57, 421, n 31
Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons Association, 166
Oppenheimer, James, 540
Ornamental and Structural Iron Workers, 168
Ottley, Peter, 305
Overton, L. Joseph, 308, 309, 310, 311, 314, 473
Palmer, Robert, 301
Palmieri, Victor, 373
Paper Box Makers, 305
Parker, Charlie Mack, 207
Parks, Rosa, 207, 515, 545, n 80
Parrish, Richard, 305, 306, 307, 308, 367
Parsons, Lucy E., 548
Patterson, J. O., 405, 416, 420
Payne, Larry, 405
Penn, Colonel Lemuel, 101
Pennsylvania Nurses Association, 501
Perkins, Frances, 548
Permanent Administrative Committee (PAC), 473, 484
Perry, Nonnie, 540
Philadelphia Building and Construction Trades Council, 450
Philadelphia Plan, 112, 113, 230, 369, 393, 451, 452, 453, 463
Pierce, Samuel, 307
Pipkin, Joe, 413
Pittman, Charles, 33
Pittsburgh Federation of Teachers, 501
Plastic and Novelty Workers, 305
Plumbers and Pipe Fitters Union, 125, 165, 168, 314, 461
Plumbers, Marine and Steamfitters Union, 454
Pocketbook Workers Union, 372
Poitier, Sidney, 485, 538, 544
Polaroid Revolutionary Workers Movement, 264, 299, 300, 301
Poor People’s Campaign on Washington, 322, 329, 405, 450
Pope John XXIII, 391
Posnick, Michael, 549
Powell, Jr., Adam Clayton, 170, 171, 473, n 74
Powell, Don, 418
Powell, Jr., Lewis F., 35, n 11
Powell, Robert E., 16, 88, 136, n 48
Powell, Tom, 418
Pratt, Dr. Henry N., 472
President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, 64, 66, 68, 72, 84, 85, 446
President’s Committee on Fair Employment Practice, 129
President’s Committee on Government Contracts, 51, 60, 61, 66, 166
President’s Council of Economic Advisors, 15
President’s Council on Wage and Price Stabilization, 479
Pressley, John, 307
Price, Jr., Judge Gwilym, 501
Price, Leontyne, 160
Progressive Labor Party, 275, 279, 280
Project Outreach, 439
Proposition 13, 119, 177, n 60
Prosten, Dave, 524
Pryon, Beverly, 331
Pullman Company, 128, 130, 132, 159
Punch, Fred, 487
Quill, Michael J., 122, 124, n 64
Quoc, Nguyen Ai, 233
Rabouine, Leo, 331
Radical Action Union, 456
Raftery, Lawrence M., 449, n 129
Rand School of Social Sciences, 58
Randall, Tony, 544
Randolph, A. Philip, 57, 58, 59, 62, 64, 71, 74, 79, 83, 85, 88, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 106, 114, 118, 123, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 142, 151, 152, 153, 159, 160, 161, 162, 180, 181, 306, 307, 314, 317, 318, 325, 326, 328, 329, 348, 349, 371, 386, 472, 475, 483, 512, 513, 514, 515, n 29
Randolph Education Fund, the A. Philip, 109, 112, 116, 380, 462
Randolph Institute, the A. Philip, 107, 114, 120, 136, 139, 150, 151, 152, 160, 162, 181, 362, 365, 371, 386, 450, 467, 512
Randolph, John, 538
Rangel, Charles, 330
Ransom, Edith, 305
Rauh, Jr., Joseph L, 136, 424, n 66
Ray, Carline, 549
Reagan, President Ronald, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 179, 181, 182, 269, 553, n 18
Reddick, L. D., 151
Reeb, Rev. James, 101, 135, 429
Regional Federal Agencies Pools, 450
Rehnquist, William H. 35, 36, 37, 38, n 11
Reinhardt, Uwe, 543
Republican National Committee, 43
Republican Party, 81, 136, 337, 356, 423, 427
Retail Clerks and Workers Union of America, 364
Retail Drug Employees Union, 471
Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union (RWDSU), 86, 91, 92, 192, 193, 195, 291, 317, 320, 325, 326, 364, 471, 482, 486, 497, 509, 512, 513, 519, 537, 546
Reuss, Henry, 122
Reuther, Walter P., 50, 57, 63, 65, 78, 82, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 100, 114, 136, 169, 171, 173, 176, 187, 235, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 278, 279, 422, 425, 433, 434, 477, 515, 516, 518, 548, n 39
Rhoades, James, 272
Rice, Charles Owen, 391
Richardson, Elroy, 271
Right-to-Work Law, 94, 95, 187
Rivers, L. Mendel, 194, 496, 515, 519, n 141
Rizzo, Frank, 234
Roberts, Howard, 549
Robinson, Bill, 443
Robinson, Cleveland L., 91, 96, 317, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331, 334, 338, 339, 342, 346, 347, 348, 352, 361, 370, 371, 539, n 50
Robinson, Howard, 353
Robinson, Remus, 424
Rockefeller, Nelson, 92, 460, 464, 474, 475, 492, 493, 513, 539
Rogers, Clyde, 74
Rogers, Nathaniel, 135
Roper, Elmer, 125
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 59, 473, 547, n 36
Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 129, 142, 159, 161, 344, 377, 435
Roosevelt, Theodore, 200
Ross, Arthur M., 191
Roth, Norman, 443
Rowley, Ruby, 305
Roye, Wendell, 135
Russell, Richard B., 138, n 67
Rustin, Bayard, 107, 114, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 222, 326, 329, 330, 365, 371, 372, 386, 387, 450, 467, 468, 474, 475, 512, 513, 538
Saltonstall, Leverett, 38, n 17
Samp, Nelson, 270
Sanders, Luevena, 490
Santamaria, Mongo, 542
Sawyer, Roland, 392
Schafer, Dr. Hugo H., 486
Scharansky, Anatoly, 386, n 116
Schnitzler, Frank William, 57, 83, 88, 80, 91, 92, 95, 98, 110, n 47
Schoemann, Peter T., 449, n 129
Schulte, Maurice, 392
Schultz, George, 463
Schultz, John, 544
Scott, Ella, 490
Scott, John, 271
Scott, Howard, 305
Scottsboro Boys, 291
Scranton, William W., 392, n 118
Screvane, Paul, 309
Scumaci, Francis, 392
Seafarers International Union of North America, 163, 169, 355, 364, 365, 448
Seal, Wayne, 519
Seale, Bobby, 263
Selma–to–Montgomery March, 135
Selpski, “Cannonball,” 237
Senate, the U.S., 335, 426, 427
Senate Rule 22, 51, 52, 61, 426, 427
Service, Russell, 134
Service Employees Union, 511
Shafer, Mary, 480
Sharpeville Massacre, 438
Shea, William, 121
Sheet Metal Workers International Union, 165, 168, 314, 450, 454, 460
Sheffield, Horace, 352
Shelby County Community Relations Commission, 410
Shishkin, Boris, 54, 58, 62, 88, n 30
Shriver, Jr., Sargent (Robert), 338, n 102
Shubert Foundation, Inc., 540
Shulman, Dr. Donald, 448
Siegel, Anita, 547
Silverstein, Ted, 443
Simmons, Mildred, 305
Simmons, Rosetta, 514, 522, 524
Simms, Leander, 399
Simon, Louis, 88
Simons, William, 366
Sinclair, John, 244
Siper, Phil, 495
Skills Bank Program, 14
Skirtmakers Union, 305
Slaiman, Donald, 88, 110, 115, 136, 137, 151, 152, 365, 454, n 56
Smallwood, Kenneth, 460
Small, Horace, 490
Smith, Jethro, 166
Smith, Lamar, 183
Smith, Leo, 94
Smith, Sam, 496
Smith, Jr., Vascoe A., 410
Smithsonian Institution, 545
Social Security Bill, 189
Socialists, 58, 171, 172, 475, 547
Socialist Workers Party, 244
Solidarity Caucus, 434, 435, 436, 437
Solidarity Day, 179
Solidarity House, 235, 237, 251, 346
Sorel, Wedward, 548
Sortre, Martin, 263
South Vietnamese Liberation Army, 233
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 126, 127, 139, 184, 194, 195, 207, 209, 326, 328, 405, 407, 429, 476, 478, 487, 496, 509, 512, 513, 514, 516, 517, 518, 520, 521, 523, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 535, 536
Southern Regional Council, 320, 321
Southern Regional Council on Memphis, 416
Southern States Apprenticeship Conference, 110
Sowell, Thomas, 41
Stalin, Joseph, 219, 225, n 87
Stallworth, Bennett O., 450
Stanton, Hugh, 413
Steelworkers, the Ad Hoc Committee of Black, 400, 401
Steel Workers Organizing Committee, 402
Stevens Co., the J. P., 178, 477, 542
Stokes, Samuel, 401
Streator, Melvin D., 431
Strickland, Joe, 459
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 207, 209, 210, 211, 329, n 82
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 244, 250
Sturdivant, John, 182
Sullivan, David, 88, 136, n 48
Sullivan, Leon, 327
Supreme Court, the U.S., 50, 52, 54, 60, 61, 100, 102, 105, 110, 111, 116, 336, 337, 341, 357, 358, 389, 390, 394, 426
Sviridoff, Mike, 87
Sweeney, John, 182
Taft-Hartley Act, 91, 96, 135, 166, 426, n 49
Talmadge, Senator Herman, 423, 426
Taylor, Ollie, 431
Taylor-Dunn, Corliss, 549, 551, 553, 554
Tent City, 207
Terkel, Studs, 543
Terry, Amy, 330
Terry, Luraline, 524
Third World, 222, 223, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233
Thirteenth Amendment, 126, 312, 357
Thomas, Emma, 554
Thomas, Mario, 545
Thomas, Norman, 475, 538, n 134
Thompson, Gary, 271
Thoreau, Henry David, 80
Thornton, John, 338
Thurmond, Strom, 194, 496, n 141
Tillow, Kay, 501
Tillow, Walter, 501
Timpson, Priscilla, 305
Title III, 60
Title IV, 102
Title VI, 505
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 14, 35, 37, 38, 39, 107, 109, 117, 137, 176, 192, n 4
Title 45, 505
Tomlin, Lily, 544
Townsend, Lynn, 256
Townsend, Willard S., 56, 57, 59, 123, n 29
Toynbee, Arnold, 197
Trade Union Action and Democracy (TUAD), 442
Trade Union Leadership Council, 110
Trade Union Unity League (TUUL), 291
Traeye, Hermina, 535
Transport Workers of America, 364
Truman, President Harry S., 51, 54, 114, 161, 186, 338, 450, n 30
Truth, Sojourner, 515, 547, 548, n 144
Tubman, Harriet, 213, 515, n 144
Turner, Doris, 471, 478, 479, 513, 524, 525, 526, 534
Turner, Lionel, 33
Turner, Tom, 338
Tuskegee Institute, 76
Twain, Mark, 198
Tyler, Gus, 172
Ullman, Liv, 386
Umstead, Marie, 526
Undergarment and Negligee Workers, 305
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada, 166
United Automobile Workers (UAW), 58, 67, 86, 167, 169, 173, 222, 223, 235–96 passim, 307, 327, 330–39 passim, 348, 352, 361–71 passim, 422–45 passim, 516, 518, 543
United Black Brothers, 212, 224, 264
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 165
United Cement, Lime, and Gypsum Workers International Union, 364
United Church Board for Homeland Ministries, 540, 542
United Community Construction Workers, 298, 456, 457, 458
United Farm Workers, 232
United Federation of Teachers, 277, 278, 279, 542
United Foundation, 258
United Freedom Movement, 191
United Front, 213
United Front of Cairo, 212
United Hebrew Trades, 369
United Labor Coalition, 444
United Mine Workers of America, 260, 293, 325, 502
United National Caucus, 225
United Office and Professional Workers, 327
United Packinghouse, Food and Allied Workers, 67, 74, 192
United Papermakers and Paperworkers Union, 165, 167
United Rubber Workers, 55
United States Phosphoric Company, 167
United States Steel Corporation, 34, 192, 229, 232, 396, 425, 501, 502
United Steelworkers of America (USA), 32, 16, 33, 34, 39, 68–70, 123, 167, 169, 177, 192, 287, 325, 338, 347, 361, 364, 369, 371, 387, 389, 390, 391, 392, 396, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402
United Steelworkers National Civil Rights Committee, 389, 390, 391
United Textile Workers of America, 364
United Transport Service Employes, 56, 57, 59
Unity House, 313
Unterkoefler, Bishop Ernest, 523
Urban Coalition Conference, 106
Urban League, 76, 110, 124, 126, 127, 135, 152, 201, 202, 203, 209, 354, 362, 380, 445, 450, 454, 455, 474, 493
Van Arsdale, Jr., Harry, 77, 152, 446, 447, 473, 483, 491, n 127
Van Dalen, Anton, 548
Vaske, Stanley, 273
Vassil, Pamela, 546
Vauls, Travis, 455
Vietnam, 200, 208, 210, 229, 231, 234, 249, 320, 323, 324, 370, 384, 475
Vietnam War, 215, 233, 288, 363, 464
Voting Bill of 1957, 114
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 100, 111, 118, 135, 136, 179, 180, 182, 337, 358, 362, 429
Wade, Lyndon, 454
Wage-Price Freeze, 231, 344, 400
Wakefield, Dan, 483
Walker, Willie, 441
Walker, Wyatt T., 493
Wallace, George C., 242, 269, 278, 385, n 90
Wallach, Eli, 542
Walsh, Richard F., 88, 95, 131, n 48
War Labor Board, 54
Warren, Earl, 186
Washington, Jeff, 439
Washington, Joe, 455
Waters, Ethel, 357
Waters, Tom, 455
Watson, John, 228, 229, 233, 238, 239, 243
Watts, Roosevelt, 176
Watts Labor Community Action Committee, 429–433
Waye, Georgetta, 531
Wayne, John, 359
Weaver, George L. P., 58, 123, n 32
Weber, Brian, 31–40 passim, 177
Webster, Milton P., 58, 65, 88, 98, 128, 131, n 33
Weinstock, Harry, 495
Welfare Rights Organization, 296
Wellington, Al, 401
West, Duane, 433
Whack, Donna M., 530
Whack, Virgie Lee, 531
Whaley, Ruth Whitehead, 124
Wharton, Hunter P., 449, n 129
Whitaker, Willard, 18
White, Walter, 207
White Citizens Councils, 52, 55, 67, 99, 135, 163, 164, 171, 183
White Panthers, 244
Whitten Amendment, 111
Wickenden, Elizabeth, 376
Wilcox, William H., 453
Wiley, George A., 512
Wilkins, Roger, 543
Wilkins, Roy, 50, 104, 106, 107, 114, 133, 180, 181, 189, 193, 197, 207, 326, 377, 406, 422, 446, 474, 475, 512, n 25
Wilks, John L., 464
Williams, George, 431
Williams, Harrison, 369
Williams, Joe, 274
Williams, Ken, 299
Williams, Robert, 207
Williams, Walter, 41
Williams, Walter E., 468, n 130
Wilmore, Jacques, 410
Wilson, Charles, 331
Wilson, Charles E., 40
Wiltz, Clinton, 32
Wirtz, W. Willard, 26, 448, n 8
Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers Union, 461, 463, 467
Woodcock, Leonard, 222, 268, 269, 442
Woodson, Mary, 500
Wooten, Chuck, 240, 243, 244, 272
Workers Defense League, 109, 112, 116, 127, 152, 380, 462, 465
World Trade Center, 458, 462, 465, 467
World War II, 138, 150, 200, 231
Wosk, Mariam, 548
Wright, Norm, 455
Wurf, Jerry, 115, 369, 412, 413, 415, 418, 419, n 56
Wyatt, Rev. Claude, 352
Yarborough, Ralph W., 521, n 145
Young, the Rev. Andrew J., 16, 114, 476, 516, 519, 524, 543, 546, n 7
Young, Jr., Whitney M., 13, 107, 114, 151, 153, 181, 314, 326, 446, 450, 454, 474, 512, n 1
Young, William, 272
Young Democrats, 511
Young People’s Socialist League, 172
Young Workers Liberation League, 331
Youngstown Steel Workers Group, 225
Zappa, Joe, 274
Zimmerman, Charles, 62, 77, 88, 136, 170, 172, n 38
Zupko, Dr. Arthur G., 485