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Philadelphia Communists, 1936–1956: index

Philadelphia Communists, 1936–1956
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright
  4. Dedication
  5. Epigraph
  6. contents
  7. acknowledgments
  8. one: introduction
  9. two: radicalization
  10. three: organization and subculture
  11. four: ethnicity
  12. five: marriage, family, and sex roles
  13. six: the communist as organizer
  14. seven: problems and crises, 1939–1956
  15. eight: coping
  16. notes
  17. bibliographic essay
  18. interviews
  19. index

index

Almond, Gabriel, 13, 43–44, 114–15, 166

American Communism. See Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), 149–50

Bentley, Eric, 188

Black Communists. See Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Blum, Henry (pseud.): on present attitudes, 181–82; and “significant other,” 46; and World War II, 145–46

Blum, Laura (pseud.): and children, 179–80; on Depression generation, 177; and “significant other,” 46; trade–union experiences of, 100

Boorstein, Daniel, 169

Bott, Elizabeth, 92, 211

Boyte, Harry, 74

Browder, Earl, 76, 147

Brown, Norman O., 5

Buhle, Paul, 206

Bullitt, William C., 147

Cadres, 114–16

Caldwell, Mike (pseud.): on Jews and blacks, 83; and the McCarthy period, 123–24, 155, 160; and World War II, 146

Catholic Communists, 71

Charney, George, 67; on Depression generation, 166; on Jews and blacks, 75; on union leadership, 135–36; and World War II, 144

Clecak, Peter, 7

Cohen, Sammy (pseud.), 67; and Jewishness, 73; and the McCarthy period, 156; marriage of, 95, 179; radicalization of, 29–30; and World War II, 145, 146

Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), 9; and anti-white chauvinist campaigns, 78; Depression generation within, 166–67; and ethnicity, 21–23, 27, 131; during the McCarthy period, 153; marriage and the family within, 87–90, 92, 96; during the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 141–43; during the 1956 crisis, 160–66; organizational structure of, 51, 56; personal behavior of members of, 65–66, 129, 139–40; during the Popular Front, 23–24, 138–41; during the Progressive Party period, 148–53; subculture within, 61–69; during the Third Period, 22–23; during World War II, 143–48

Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3: activities within, 63–64; and blacks, 71, 76–84; and Browder expulsion, 148; child-rearing within, 91, 101–3, 179–80; coping skills within, 170–71; ethnic dynamics within, 68, 71, 76–84, 145; Jewishness of, 58, 71, 145, 180–81; during the McCarthy period, 153–60; marriage and the family within, 88, 89, 91, 101–5, 107, 176–80; members’ views of the 1960s, 177–78; members’ views of socialism, 175–76; and the 1943 mayoral election, 147–48; organizational structure of, 52–60, 111–12, 114–16, 131–36; and the Philadelphia Transit Company (PTC) strike of 1943, 146–47; post–1956 lives of veterans of, 170–71, 174–75; sexual attitudes within, 97–98, 177–78; and Smith Act prosecutions, 159–60; social network within, 63, 181–82; underground experiences within, 156–57; and women, 88, 104–5, 107, 132–33, 178; during World War 11, 144–46. See also Philadelphia

Cruse, Harold, 76–77

Darcy, Sam: expulsion of, 147–48; as functionary (D.O.), 57, 133; marriage of, 89; role of, in 1943 mayoral election, 147

Davis, Dave, 133–34

Davis, Sol (pseud.): as a colonizer, 121–23, 136; on Jewishness, 73

Dennis, Eugene, 162

Dennis, Peggy, 149; on Bolshevik ideal, 129; marriage of, 90, 97; on women in CPUSA, 104

Depression generation, 14, 20, 25–26, 41–43

Dimitrov, Georgi, 23

Ethnicity. See Catholic Communists; Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3; Jews

Feminism, 87. See also Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Freedman, Harry (pseud.): on Browder expulsion, 77; marriage and family of, 88, 103; on Progressive Party, 151; on racial harmony in Party, 77; radicalization of, 25, 42, 47; and World War II, 144

Gannett, Betty, 47

Garst, Fred (pseud.), 28, 66, 162; as a cadre, 115; on ethnicity, 73; marriage of, 95; and “significant other,” 47; and World War II, 145

Gates, John, 47, 161

Glazer, Nathan, 13, 32, 43, 72, 81

Goldberg, Milt (pseud.), 177; as cadre, 124–26; on Jewishness, 73; radicalization of, 33, 45–46; and World War II, 144–45

Gornick, Vivian, 70–71, 132; on behavior of Communists, 65, 69; on everyday life, 50, 65, 182; interview sample of, 13; on legacy of CPUSA, 136–37

Green, Ben (pseud.), 183; on child neglect, 103; and 1956 crisis, 164; as rank-and-file member, 113; on Sholom Aleichem Club, 180

Greenly, Mark (pseud.), 132; on ethnicity, 81; and McCarthy period, 158; marriage of, 91; and Nazi-Soviet Pact, 141; and Progressive Party, 150; radicalization of, 36–39; and World War II, 146

Hareven, Tamara, 11

Harrington, Michael, 153

Hartz, Louis, 5

Isserman, Maurice, 165

Jackson, Paul (pseud.), 84

Jews, 72–76. See also Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Katz, Sam (pseud.): marriage of, 84, 95, 103; on name-changing among Jewish Communists, 76; and the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 142; radicalization of, 30–32; and social networks, 67–68; and World War II, 145

Keniston, Kenneth, 179

Klehr, Harvey E., 48, 50, 104, 114

Kramer, Otto (pseud.), 33, 42; marriage of, 88, 107; and Nazi-Soviet Pact, 142; and 1956 crisis, 164; and Spanish Civil War, 25

Kramer, Tessie (pseud.), 33, 42, 45; marriage of, 88, 106, 107, 108; and Nazi-Soviet Pact, 142; on sexual behavior in CPUSA, 178

Kriegel, Annie, 20, 104, 114

Lasch, Christopher, 187–88

Lenin, V. I., 17

Levitt, Mort (pseud.), 26, 33, 42

Levy, Moe (pseud.): as colonizer, 155–56; marriage of, 89; on racism, 79, 80; radicalization of, 41, 44; and World War II, 145

Levy, Sarah (pseud.): as colonizer, 155; on Jewishness, 74; marriage of, 89

Liebman, Arthur, 13, 27, 45, 71

Litvinov, Maxim, 25

McCarthy period, 123–24, 153–60

Marcuse, Herbert, 4–5

Markowitz, Norman, 149

Mills, C. Wright, 4

Mitford, Jessica: on everyday life in the CPUSA, 67, 136; on McCarthy period, 154; on post–1956 activities, 175

Moore, Stanley, 16

Naison, Mark, 50, 75, 79

Nazi-Soviet Pact, 141–43

1956 crisis, 160–66

1905er generation, 195

Paine, Ethel (pseud.), 132, 175; family background of, 36; and “significant other,” 47

Paine, George (pseud.), 175; on racism in the CPUSA, 78; as rank-and-file member, 113

Palen, Tim (pseud.), 36, 47; and childrearing, 103; as rank-and-file member, 113

Pells, Richard H., 26

Philadelphia, 34. See also Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Philadelphia Transit Company (PTC) strike of 1943, 146–47

Popular Front, 23–24, 138–41

Postwar demographic trends, 154

Progressive Citizens of America (PCA), 149

Progressive Party, 151–52

Protestant Communists. See Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Quill, Mike, 151

Radicalization, 6, 19–20; patterns of, 6–7, 46–48; theories of, 5

Rank–and-file, definition of, 111–14

“Red-diaper” babies, 32

Reich, Wilhelm, 5

Rein, Al (pseud.), 162

Repice, Angie (pseud.): as cadre, 119–20; on ethnicity, 85; on organizing, 133; and Progressive Party, 150; radicalization of, 34–36

Robeson, Eslanda, 47

Rosenstone, Robert, 25

Russo, Mario (pseud.): on ethnicity, 84–85; friendships of, 67; on postwar trends, 154

Ryan, Jack (pseud.), 175; on ethnicity, 84; and “significant other,” 47; working–class background of, 36

Samuels, Edith (pseud.), 174, 181; on child-rearing, 100, 102; marriage of, 92, 101, 105; on Party and family life, 63, 183; on sexist behavior in the Party, 97, 99

Samuels, Ike (pseud.), 67; as cadre, 126–29; and McCarthy period, 155; marriage of, 88, 92, 98, 100, 140; radicalization of, 41, 45; and World War II labor activity, 146

Schappes, Morris U., 77

Schwartz, Al (pseud.), 33; as colonizer, 121; and McCarthy period, 155

Schwartz, Vera (pseud.), 106–7

Selznick, Philip, 114

Sennett, Richard, 65

Shapiro, Abe (pseud.): on blacks and the CPUSA, 78; friendships of, 61, 66–67; as intellectual, 131–32; post-1956 experiences of, 172–73; as rank-and-file campus activist, 111–12

Shapiro, Ruth (pseud.): on Jewish-Left milieu, 32, 43; and McCarthy period, 158; marriage of, 93–94, 105; and 1956 crisis, 163

Sholom Aleichem Club, 180

“Significant others,” 46–47

Smith Act, 159–60

Social network, 10. See also Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Sondergaard, Gale, 164

Spanish Civil War, 25. See also Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3

Starobin, Joseph, 129, 130, 149; on CPUSA as family, 69, 184

Subculture within CPUSA. See Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA); Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA), District 3; Social network

Third Period, 22–23

Thirties generation. See Depression generation

Tisa, Johnny, 47; as cadre, 116–18; and ethnicity, 85; and McCarthy period, 156; marriage of, 88; post-1956 life of, 171–72; and the Spanish Civil War, 25; and World War II, 144

Transport Workers Union, Local 234 (CIO), 146–47

Turpin, Sally (pseud.): on Browder expulsion, 148; on Jewish Communists, 81; marriage of 95–96; and Nazi-Soviet Pact, 142; and 1956 crisis, 164; and Progressive Party, 150; radicalization of, 40–41; on women workers, 100

Twenties generation, 195. See also Communist Party, U.S.A. (CPUSA)

Utopian thinking, 16, 185–87

Wallace, Henry A., 149

Wax, Stan (pseud.), 175; and McCarthy period, 152; marriage of, 89; and Nazi-Soviet Pact, 142; as organizer, 62; radicalization of, 44, 45

Weiner, Meyer (pseud.), 33, 174, 175; marriage of, 89, 103; and Nazi-Soviet Pact, 142; and Progressive Party, 152; on underground, 157

Weinstein, James, 91, 105, 167, 187

Weisbord, Vera Buch, 211

Williams, William A., 4

Working-class backgrounds among Philadelphia Communists, 33

World War II: expulsion of Browder during, 147–48; Communist G.I.s serving in, 144–46; expulsion of Darcy during, 147–48; mayoral campaign during 1943, 147–48; Philadelphia Transit Company (PTC) strike during 1943, 146–47

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