Answer Key

Chapter 2: Skeletal Landmarks of the Shoulder and Arm 

1. Superior angle of the scapula
2. Greater tubercle of the humerus
3. Anterior
4. A tuberosity is created by a muscle pulling on the bone.
5. Acromioclavicular ligament
6. Supraspinous fossa
7. Acromion process
8. Sternum; scapula
9. Intertubercular sulcus/groove
10. A fossa is a slight depression.

Chapter 2: Musculature of the Shoulder and Arm

1. Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and pectoralis minor
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Long head of the biceps brachii
4. True
5. Trapezius
6. Medially (internally)
7. Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis
8. Triceps brachii
9. Pectoralis minor
10. Abducts; acromion process

Chapter 3: Skeletal Landmarks of the Elbow and Forearm

1. Olecranon fossa
2. Annular
3. Medial; lateral
4. Olecranon process and medial epicondyle
5. Supracondylar
6. Distal
7. Ulna
8. Posterior
9. Lateral; medial
10. Radial fossa

Chapter 3: Musculature of the Elbow and Forearm

1. Extension of the wrist and radial deviation
2. Triceps brachii
3. Biceps brachii
4. Medial epicondyle; lateral epicondyle
5. Brachioradialis, brachialis
6. Distal; proximal
7. 2–5
8. Anterior
9. Proximal; distal
10. Extend

Chapter 4: Skeletal Landmarks of the Wrist and Hand

1. Posterior
2. Metacarpal
3. Middle phalanx; distal phalanx
4. Capitate and lunate
5. Dorsal
6. Proximal; distal
7. Pinkie
8. Scaphoid and trapezium
9. Distal; proximal
10. So Long to Pinky, Here Comes the Thumb

Chapter 4: Musculature of the Wrist and Hand

1. Flex; extend
2. Posterior
3. One
4. 1st digit; 5th digit
5. 3rd digit
6. 2–5
7. Touching your thumb to your pinkie
8. Adduct; abduct
9. Adductor pollicis
10. Pisiform

Chapter 5: Skeletal Landmarks of the Spine, Thorax, and Abdomen

1. Six cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae
2. Frontal
3. Posterior
4. Xiphoid process
5. Twelve
6. 12th thoracic vertebrae
7. Seven
8. Intervertebral foramen
9. Inferior articulating process
10. T7

Chapter 5: Musculature of the Spine, Thorax, and Abdomen

1. Iliocostalis
2. Elevate; depress
3. Superficial
4. C7
5. Splenius capitis
6. Iliac crest
7. Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
8. Contralateral; ipsilateral
9. Diaphragm
10. Intercostals (external and internal)

Chapter 6: Skeletal Landmarks of the Hip and Thigh

1. Iliac crest and fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments
2. Sartorius, tensor fascia latae
3. False
4. Palpate at the navel and move inferiorly along the midline of the abdomen until you palpate the bony ridge of the pubic crest. This will be the first skeletal landmark you feel when moving in this direction.
5. Lateral
6. Inferior
7. Head of fibula
8. Ilium, ischium, pubis
9. ASIS and pubic tubercle
10. Pectineus

Chapter 6: Musculature of the Hip and Thigh

1. Sartorius, semitendinosus, gracilis
2. Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip
3. True
4. Rectus femoris
5. Hip abduction, medial rotation
6. True
7. Extension; flexion
8. Flexion; extension
9. Semitendinosus
10. Proximal

Chapter 7: Skeletal Landmarks of the Knee and Lower Leg

1. Inferior
2. Lateral condyle of the proximal tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle)
3. Long head; short head
4. Adductor tubercle
5. Tibial plateau
6. Base of patella
7. Proximal: medial epicondyle of femur; Distal: medial aspect of proximal tibia
8. Proximally
9. Medial tibial plateau
10. Rectus femoris

Chapter 7: Musculature of the Knee and Lower Leg

1. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
2. Flexor; extensor
3. Knee flexion, hip extension
4. Deep
5. Sartorius, semitendinosus,  gracilis
6. Extensor; flexor
7. Knee extension
8. Tibial and common fibular nerves
9. Ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion
10. Ankle plantarflexion

Chapter 8: Skeletal Landmarks of the Ankle and Foot

1. Medial; lateral
2. Tibia; fibula
3. Trochlea of talus
4. Medial
5. Superior and anterior
6. Medially
7. Cuboid
8. Calcaneal tuberosity
9. Flexor hallicus longus
10. Calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Chapter 8: Musculature of the Ankle and Foot

1. Ankle dorsiflexion, inversion
2. Superficial fibular nerve
3. Gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior
4. Extensor digitorum brevis
5. Abductor digiti minimi
6. Flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus
7. Dorsiflexion, eversion
8. Deep fibular nerve
9. 1st; 2nd–5th
10. Medial plantar nerve

Chapter 9: Skeletal Landmarks of the Head and Neck

1. Ramus of mandible
2. Angle
3. Superior
4. Position your partner seated. Begin by locating the tragus of the external ear, and palpate anteromedially until you meet the mandibular condyle located at the inferior aspect of the temporomandibular joint. Instruct your partner to open and close their mouth, appreciating the degree of movement of the condyle on the articular eminence, thus appreciating the degree of movement at this joint.
5. Laterally; medially

Chapter 9: Musculature of the Head and Neck

1. Sternocleidomastoid
2. Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
3. Cervical sidebending
4. Mandibular protraction and lateral deviation
5. Contralateral