Index
Adams, Ansel, 113
African Americans, 122, 140–142; folklore and, 171; as muralists, 111, 129, 146 (see also Woodruff, Hale)
Alinder, Jasmine, 113
Asia-Pacific War, 59, 83, 86, 189
Bernhard, Joseph, 61
Breit, Harvey, 40
California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 106, 108
Chang, Gordon H., 140
China: as communist threat, 2, 28, 29, 56, 70–72, 76, 204; Japan’s occupation of, 16, 33, 46–49, 56, 60, 62–64 (see also Manchuria); Kuomintang government in, 53–54, 58–59
Citizen 13660, 17, 172, 195–196. See also Okubo, Miné
Civil Liberties Act of 1988, 99
Cleary, Beverly, 190
Coates, Jennifer, 65
Cold War, 2, 9, 33–34; civil rights and, 4, 22, 81; cosmopolitanism and, 8–10, 161, 166–167, 177, 179; liberalism and, 9, 202, 203; universalism and, 37, 39, 51. See also Containment ideology
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, 99, 158
Containment ideology, 7–8, 20, 31, 188
Cosmopolitanism, definitions of, 8–10, 17–18, 102–103, 108, 203–204
Crockett, Lucy Herndon, 89
Dower, John, 4
Dudziak, Mary, 4
Executive Order 9066, 2, 118, 161, 164
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 87, 94–95, 116, 118, 123, 127, 135, 152, 164, 181
Folk Arts Movement (mingei), 177–178, 180
442nd Regimental Combat Team, 21–24, 133–135, 182. See also Nisei: in U.S. Army
Fresno Assembly Center, 99, 118–119, 129
Fujitani, Takashi, 55
Fuller, Samuel, 54, 88, 90–91, 92, 93
Go for Broke!, 23–24
Great Depression, 108, 122, 124, 163
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 48–49, 53, 55. See also Imperialism: Japanese
Hara Setsuko, 65
Harcourt, Brace, and Company, 159, 191
Hariman, Robert, 126
Hawai‘i: debates over statehood, 19, 34; as Pacific bulwark, 15; in U.S. empire, 19, 33. See also Nisei: in Hawai‘i
Higa, Karen, 112
Hiroshima. See Japan: atomic bombings on
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, 86–87, 93–94
Hollywood, 12, 23–24; Asian and Asian American actors in, 81, 87, 92; film screenings in Japan, 91–92; as global industry, 54–55, 66, 89
Hosokawa, Bill, 27–28
Houghton Mifflin Company, 16, 42
Igarashi, Yoshikuni, 41
Imperialism, 3–4, 38, 55–57, 201; American, 31–33, 68–69, 89–90; Japanese, 16, 20, 43–49, 53, 60, 62–63, 82–83
Imperial Japanese Army: training in, 43–44; U.S. postwar uncertainty about, 29–31; veterans of, 29–31, 44–45, 182. See also Imperialism: Japanese
Ishigaki, Eitaro, 86, 95, 104, 157
Issei, 2, 6, 67, 161; as fictional characters, 35, 78, 189, 193–198, 199; in prewar U.S. society, 16, 20, 122, 141, 162–163, 174; in the wartime camps, 137–138. See also Japanese Americans
Japan: atomic bombings on, 86, 93–94, 153, 154–157; as model ally, 2, 3–4, 28–29, 73–74, 80, 87, 91; repatriates in, 58–59, 64; U.S. occupation of, 5–6, 31–33, 65; U.S. postwar uncertainty about, 28–33, 70–72. See also Imperialism: Japanese
Japanese/American, defined, 7. See also Sugimoto, Henry: as Japanese/American artist; Tasaki, Hanama: as Japanese/American novelist; Uchida, Yoshiko: as Japanese/American author; Yamaguchi, Yoshiko: as Japanese/American actor
Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), 21, 28, 67, 100
Japanese American National Museum (JANM), 100, 115, 158
Japanese Americans: as model minority, 2, 3, 24, 35–36, 114, 131, 139–140, 185; removal of, from West Coast, 2, 116–119, 125–127, 164, 170, 185 (see also Fresno Assembly Center; Tanforan Assembly Center); wartime confinement of, 2, 6, 7, 10, 35–36, 79–81, 86, 99, 102–103, 112–114, 165 (see also Jerome War Relocation Center; Rohwer War Relocation Center; Topaz War Relocation Center); wartime confinement of, in fiction, 195–199; wartime confinement of, in painting, 119–122, 129–140. See also Issei; Nisei
Japanese army. See Imperial Japanese Army
Japanese war brides: marriages to American GIs, 54–55, 66–67, 70, 74–75, 90–91; in popular culture, 70, 73–77
Jerome War Relocation Center, 99, 119–122
Kagawa, Toyohiko, 179–180, 181, 182
Kagawa, Umeko, 179, 180–182, 183
Kim, Kristine, 145
Klein, Christina, 10
Kleiner, Harry, 88
Korean War, 5, 202; American doubts about, 39–40, 49–50, 156; in Hollywood films, 92, 96; Japan and, 5, 30, 31, 84
Koshiro, Yukiko, 55
Kozol, Wendy, 124
Kramer, Paul A., 55
Long, John Luther, 68. See also Madame Butterfly
Lowe, Lisa, 203
Lucaites, John Louis, 126
Lye, Colleen, 126
Madame Butterfly, 68–69
Manchuria, 20, 53, 58, 59–60, 62, 64, 94, 202. See also China: Japan’s occupation of
Manchurian Film Association (Man’ei), 53, 58, 62
Masaoka, Mike, 22
McCarran-Walter Act, 67, 77, 103
McCarthyism, 8, 87, 95, 115, 145
Means, Florence Crannell, 186–187
Mexican muralists, 101, 111, 147. See also Rivera, Diego; Sugimoto, Henry: muralist influences on
Michener, James A., 3, 30–31, 96
Migrant Mother, 124–126. See also Lange, Dorothea
Miyamoto, Kazuo, 35–36
Modernization theory, 36–37. See also Cold War: universalism and
Nadel, Alan, 7
Nagasaki. See Japan: atomic bombings on
Naked and the Dead, The, 17, 45
Nationality Act of 1940, 25
Newman, Barnett, 145
Ngai, Mae, 21
Nguyen, Viet Thanh, 11, 201, 203
Nisei: absent presence of, 19, 27, 51; as artists, 100, 109, 112, 140, 156; in Hawai‘i, 15–16, 18–19, 20, 21, 33–34, 35–36, 37, 82; in Japan, 15–16, 21, 24–25, 85, 86–87, 92, 93–94, 174–177, 183; in U.S. Army, 21–24, 42, 133, 135, 182. See also Japanese Americans
Nisei Daughter, 21. See also Sone, Monica
Noguchi, Isamu, 12, 58, 85–87, 88, 93–96
Northrop, F.S.C., 168
Obata, Chiura, 100, 140, 157, 196
Okubo, Miné, 17, 100, 145, 172, 195–196
Ooka, Shohei, 44–45
Ota, Shelley, 35–36
Pacific War, 2, 45, 55, 152, 179; racism and, 4, 7, 29, 79. See also World War II
Pagden, Anthony, 203
Palumbo-Liu, David, 7
Pearl Harbor: in art, 152–154; attack on, 2, 76, 118, 161, 164; in literature, 179, 181
Picture brides, 147–150, 152, 163, 199
Pollock, Jackson, 145
Postimpressionism, 101, 103, 105, 106–107, 120–122, 146
Rademaker, John, 35
Rivera, Diego, 111, 112, 123, 124, 127–128, 147
Rohwer War Relocation Center, 12, 99, 142, 153
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 2, 118, 126, 164
Rothko, Mark, 145
Sayonara: film, 73, 96; novel, 96
Schary, Dore, 23–24
Simpson, Caroline Chung, 6, 78
Southern Manchurian Railway Company (Mantetsu), 53, 60
Soviet Union: as communist threat, 2, 15, 37; influence of, on Japan, 5, 28–29, 43, 70–71; and propaganda about U.S. racism, 4, 19, 23, 34
Stahl, David C., 44
Stoler, Laura, 55
Sugimoto, Henry: Christian faith of, 105, 139; Christian themes in works of, 116–117, 124–126, 127–129, 137–138; education of, 105–106; in France, 106–108, 110, 145; in Japan, 103–104, 145; as Japanese/American artist, 8, 12–13, 101–104; in Mexico, 110–111; muralist influences on, 101, 111–112, 115, 122, 124, 127–129, 133, 146; as racialized cosmopolitan, 102–103, 124, 142, 150. Works: Am I an American Citizen?, 133; Arrival in Camp Jerome, 127–129; At Little Rock Station, 140–142; Bombing of Relatives Homeland, 1945, 153, 154–155; Carrying Heavy Burden, 137–138; Jerome, Ark., 120, 121; My Papa (circa 1942), 116–117, 122, 127, 135, 143, 152; My Papa (circa 1965), 116–117, 122, 152; Nisei Babies in Concentration Camp, 133, 134; No Second Serving, 132; Our Bus, 133, 134; Picture Bride, 147–148; Self-Portrait, 108, 109; Self-Portrait in Camp, 138–139; Send Off Husband at Jerome Camp, 135–136, 137–138, 150; Sunrise—Jerome, 120–122; Take Fresh Air, 143–144; To Find a Job, 143; untitled (circa 1942), 124–127; untitled, featuring the partially obscured words “NO JAPS WANTED,” 150–152; untitled, featuring the newspaper headline “Japanese Planes Bombed Pearl Harbor,” 153–154; untitled, featuring the words “STOP PICTURE bride,” 148–150, 152; Village of Villiers, 107; When Can We Go Home?, 129–131
Sugimoto, Madeleine Sumile, 110, 118, 129–130, 204
Sugimoto, Susie Tagawa, 110, 118, 129–130, 140, 142
Tajiri, Larry, 23, 27–28, 81, 92
Tamura Taijiro, 44
Tanforan Assembly Center, 140, 160, 164–165, 170, 185, 193, 200
Tasaki, Hanama: as Japanese/American novelist, 8, 11–12, 18–19, 26–27, 51; as minority cosmopolitan, 17–18; and service in the Imperial Army, 18, 25; upbringing of, 16. Works: Long the Imperial Way, 16–19, 38–51; The Mountains Remain, 20, 42–43
Topaz War Relocation Center, 140, 160, 165, 193, 200
Troop, Miriam, 89–90
Twentieth Century–Fox, 54, 61, 76, 88, 90, 93
Uchida, Dwight Takashi, 110, 162–163, 164, 193, 198
Uchida, Iku Umegaki, 163, 174, 193, 198
Uchida, Yoshiko: in Japan, 174–177, 183; as Japanese/American author, 8–9, 14, 161; upbringing of, 163–164, 173–174. Works: “Courage of the Issei,” 193–194; “Crepe Paper Flowers,” 194, 195, 196–198, 199; The Dancing Kettle and Other Japanese Folk Tales, 159, 167–168, 169, 170–172, 193; Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese-American Family, 160, 173–174, 183, 192, 198, 199–200; The Full Circle, 177, 179–183, 193; The Invisible Thread, 160, 173, 174, 180, 183, 192, 193, 198–199; Journey Home, 160, 181, 182–183; Journey to Topaz, 160, 181, 182, 199–200; The Magic Listening Cap: More Folk Tales from Japan, 167, 168, 169–171, 173; Mik and the Prowler, 184, 190–191; New Friends for Susan, 184–186, 187–188, 191; Picture Bride, 160, 199; The Promised Year, 184, 188–189, 191; “Saturday Visit,” 194–195; Takao and Grandfather’s Sword, 177–178, 180, 183, 191
Victory culture, 155–156
Vidor, King, 54
Vlaminck, Maurice de, 106–107. See also Postimpressionism
Wakasa, James Hatsuki, 195–196, 197, 198, 199
War brides. See Japanese war brides
War Relocation Authority (WRA), 36, 113, 126, 139–140, 165
Watanabe, Masao, 30–31
Woodruff, Hale, 111, 123, 146, 147
World War II, 2, 10, 21, 28, 99, 152, 174, 202. See also Pacific War
Wu, Ellen, 191
Yamaguchi, Yoshiko: as Chinese/Japanese actor, 53, 56, 58–60, 62–64, 97; Hollywood career of, 54–55, 57–58, 75–77, 87–88, 96; as Japanese/American actor, 8, 12, 57, 65–66, 95, 97; repatriation of, to Japan, 54, 58–59, 64–65; singing performances of, 60–61, 63–64, 82; upbringing of, 60–62. Films: China Nights, 63–64, 76, 82, 83; Glory to Eternity, 63–64, 76; House of Bamboo, 76, 77, 87, 88–89, 90–93; Japanese War Bride, 77–81, 83–85, 87
Yamamoto, Traise, 69
Yashima, Taro, 168–169
Zipes, Jack, 167