INDEX
Page numbers followed by the letter f refer to figures.
Abolishing State Violence (Acheson), 19
Acheson, Ray, 19
aesthetics, 148–150, 155–157, 170–171, 202
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 177
Alexander-Floyd, Nikol, 6, 199
Alex-Assensoh, Yvette, 50
Allen, Amy, 27n
Altgeld Gardens and Phillip Murray Homes: as Black enclave public sphere, 86–89; block captains, 63–64, 177; Connect murders and, 11; education and, 20–21; employment and, 21; environmental racism and, 11, 21, 49, 61, 92–93, 115–116; as food desert, 21; Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority, 49, 61, 115–116; geographical differences in safety and, 146–147; government and conditions at, 154–155; health concerns and, 21; history of, 92–93; isolation of, 93; Local Advisory Council (LAC), 15, 63, 165–166; methodology and, 5–6, 5n; “old Altgeld” nostalgia and, 151–153; origins of study and, 15; pets and, 170; Plan for Transformation housing policy and, 11–12, 96–100; public transportation and, 21; residential violence and, 8, 59–62, 71–72, 93; violence experienced by residents and, 59–62, 71–72. See also Chicago Housing Authority (CHA)
anti-Blackness, 158–159
anxiety, 160
Arrested Citizenship (Lerman and Weaver), 57, 154
Avoiding Politics (Eliasoph), 53, 163
Barbara, Ms. (respondent), 151–152, 154
Baron, Harold, 61
belonging, 58f, 115f, 164–165, 175, 190–192, 202. See also sociopolitical community
Berger, Michele, 26, 30, 32, 54, 189, 196
“Beyond Mysterium Tremendum” (McRoberts), 148
Black communities: the home and, 173; language of politics and, 6–7, 18, 189, 199–200; low-income as public sphere and, 163–164; neoliberalism’s effect on, 98–101, 108; public spheres and, 82–87
Black feminism framework: communication and, 13–14; community and, 13, 35, 81, 188–189; elements of, 10–11, 54; focus experience of Black women, 55; focus on relationships of, 55; intersectionality and, 12, 54; political power and, 15; public spheres and, 85–86; role of in current work, 9–10; storytelling and, 58–59, 67, 77, 81, 194–195
Black Feminist definitional criterion (BFDC): applications of, 22–23; community and, 35; community-based efforts, 182–183; creating political possibilities and, 74–77, 189; as holistic framework for Black women living in poverty, 189–190, 195; intent and, 33–35; power and, 27, 57, 83–84, 183; public vs. private spheres and, 30–31, 189–190; use of, 5. See also political possible-self (PPS) framework
Black Feminist Violence Matrix (Richie), 54
Black mainstream counterpublic, 84–85, 129–130, 129n
Black Visions (Dawson), 204
Black women living below poverty line: access to tradition means of political engagment and, 7–8; community political spaces in public housing, 54; effect of organized abandonment housing policies on, 100–101; enclave public spheres and, 85–86; existing political frameworks and, 6; extrasystemic politics and, 5, 9, 17–18, 21–22, 188–190, 188–191, 195–196, 199–201; lack of access to civic education of, 19–22; marginalization and, 4–5n; neoliberalism’s effect on, 98–101, 108; organizing efforts in public housing, 101–103; physical spaces and, 172–173, 179, 187; politics of homemaking in public housing and, 55n, 100, 111, 111–112, 111n, 148–150, 194–195, 195n; politics of invisibility and, 128–130; public vs. private sphere and, 26; social isolation and, 114, 167; sociopolitical isolation and, 54; stigma and, 54–55, 128, 157, 193; as vanguard center of Black feminist thought, 12–13
Boundaries of Blackness (Cohen), 128
Bourdieu, Pierre, 178
Boy Scouts, 61
Brady, Henry, 51
Braun, Carol Moseley, 184–186
broken windows theory, 112, 184n
Butler, Judith, 19
Cabrini Greene, 117n
Campbell, A., 50
Ceely (respondent): author’s interview with, 116–121, 124–125; as example of alienated PPS, 122–126, 123f; expectations and, 136; interest in politics and, 124–125; invisibility and, 130; isolation and, 116–121; sociopolitical tools and, 121–122; warnings about getting involved, 121–122
Chicago, 89–90
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS), 48, 50, 136, 181–182
Chicago Housing Authority (CHA): Black enclave public spheres and, 86–89, 163–164; Black women’s organizing efforts within, 50, 101–103; Board members of, 67, 76; Central Advisory Council (CAC) meetings, 166; environmental lawsuits and, 49, 61, 92–93, 115–116; exclusion lists, 75–76; extrasystemic political engagement within, 7; Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority, 49, 61, 92–93, 115–116; history of, 90–92; house arrest rules and, 60; interruption of social networks and, 165–168; Lake Park Place, 75–76; Local Advisory Council (LAC), 15, 63, 165–166; meeting times of, 174; neighborhood placement/design, 179; Plan for Transformation housing policy, 11–12, 30, 52–53, 66–67, 94–101, 117–118n, 162n, 164, 168; political identity and policies of, 177–179; public spheres and, 82–87; requirement to show government ID and, 59, 76; resource inequity and, 89–90; segregation and, 89–92; sociopolitical community and, 52–53; stigma and, 53; Tenant Services meetings, 74–77, 103; violence experienced by residents and, 8, 59–62, 71–72, 91–93, 146–147
Chicago Police Department, 50, 136. See also police
Child Protective Services, 60–61, 102
children: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and, 177–178; in Altgeld Gardens, 133; childcare and, 173–174; fear of, 157–158; Shug and, 137–138, 145, 157; special needs, 132–133; stigma and, 157–158
civics education, 19–23. See also political education
Cohen, Cathy J., 4n, 33, 85, 96, 119n, 128, 129n, 168–169, 189
Collins, Patricia Hill, 30n
colonialism, 197
Combahee River Collective, 13–14
community knowledge, 58–59, 61, 67, 77, 81, 194–195
Dawson, Michael, 168–169, 189, 198
Democracy Remixed (Cohen), 129, 204
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 94
depression, 159–160
domestic violence, 8
East Lake Management Company, 60, 66
economic insecurity, 8
Eghbariah, Rabea, 98
Eliasoph, Nina, 53, 74, 82, 89, 99, 163, 179
Environmental Justice Organization (EJO), 15, 64
environmental racism, 11, 21, 48, 49, 61, 92–93, 115–116
exclusion lists, 75–76
extrasystemic politics: Black feminist perspective of, 71, 188–189; Black women and, 7–8; defining, 5, 5n, 24–26; importance of, 197–199; intersectionality and, 198; of interviewees, 7; marginalization and, 22; private sphere and, 26; recognition of, 14, 192–193. See also sociopolitical tools
food deserts, 21
food insecurity, 8
formerly incarcerated people, 84
Fuerst, J. S., 91
gangs, 117–118n
Gautreaux, Dorothy, 49–50, 61, 115–116
Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority, 49, 61, 115–116
geography. See physical space
Gilmore, Ruthie Wilson, 20–21, 96, 98
Girl Scouts, 61
Goetz, Edward G., 91
Grassroots Warriors (Naples), 195
Great Recession of 2008, 8
Hanchard, Michael, 22, 25, 28–29, 31, 162, 189, 197–199
Harris, Frederick C., 85, 129n
Harris-Perry, Melissa, 129–130, 189
Hayward, Clarissa Rile, 36, 178–179
health concerns, 66
homelessness, 167
homemaking, 55n, 100, 111, 111n, 148–150, 194–195, 195n
homeownership, 91
home, the: aesthetics and, 148–150, 155–156, 170–171; appliances and, 152, 174; control of one’s own, 172–175; politics of, 172–174
Hooghe, Marc, 198
hooks, bell, 89–90n
HOPE VI policies. See Plan for Transformation housing policy
household appliances, 152, 174
Housing Choice Vouchers (Section 8 vouchers), 94–97, 151–152
housing segregation, 61, 89–92
Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority, 49n
Huckfeldt, Robert, 103–104
Hunter, Regine, 15–18, 62–66, 176–177
Hurston, Zora Neale, 13
Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States (Schmidt), 135
intersectionality, 12, 54–55, 198
intersectional stigma, 54
invisibility, politics of, 128–130
Islam and the Blackamerican (Jackson), 150n
Isoke, Zenzele, 11, 44, 55n, 68, 100, 111n, 149, 189, 193–194, 199
Jackson, Sherman, 150n
James, Khadijah, 15, 165–166, 179
James, Sinclair: belonging and, 180–184; Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) and, 181–182; community PPS and, 185, 185f; interview with author and, 180–184; neighborhood cleanliness and, 183–184; political education and, 186; political participation and, 185; social connections and, 180–181; sociopolitical tools and, 180–181; violence and, 180
joblessness, 8
Jordan-Zachery, Julia S., 6, 199
Junn, Jane, 6
Kate (respondent), 71–74, 77, 78f, 79
Kelley, Robin D. G, 25, 36, 44, 199
King, Deborah, 12
King, Gary, 6
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 50
Lake Park Place, 75–76
law enforcement. See police
Lerman, Amy, 6, 57, 154, 177–278
Levenstein, Lisa, 101
Lipsky, Michael, 154
Lisa (respondent), 47–49
McKittrick, Katherine, 72, 113
McRoberts, Omar, 148–149
Mansfield, Howard, 172–173
marginalization, defining, 4n
mental health issues, 159–160
methodology: case study method, 5–6, 105–106; data collection and, 5–6, 106; interview procedure, 107; objectivity and, 134–135; recruitment, 107–108; sampling, 107–108; theory and, 10–11, 104–105
Micheletti, Michele, 198
misogyny, 158
Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys L., 11
Mouffe, Chantal, 28
Naples, Nancy, 195
Nation of Islam (NOI), 150, 150n
neoliberalism: definitions of the political and, 196; effect of on Black communities, 98–101, 108; Plan for Transformation housing policies and, 95–101; privatization and, 100; respectability politics and, 96–97
Nettie (respondent): as example of neutral PPS, 130–131, 131f, 136; expectations and, 127, 136; interview with author, 126–128, 132–136; invisibility and, 130, 134; political imagination and, 131; volunteering, 135; warnings about getting involved, 127–128
objectivity, 134–135
Occupy the Hood, 18
Octavia (respondent), 153, 155
Perry, Keisha-Khan, 197
physical space: engagement and, 69–75; neighborhood placement/design and, 179; political education through, 179, 201; political identity and, 203–204; political possible-self (PPS) framework and, 51–52, 69–74; poverty and, 168–169; power and, 172–173, 179, 187, 193; sociopolitical community and, 51–53; sociopolitical tools and, 113
Pison, Spencer, 179
Plan for Transformation housing policy, 11–12, 30, 52–53, 66–67, 94–101, 117–118n, 162n, 164, 168
police, 8, 58–60, 179. See also Chicago Police Department
police brutality, 58–60
political: Black Feminist definitional criterion (BFDC) and, 32; expanding definitions of, 3–4, 6, 188, 188–190, 195; language from White American context and, 6–7, 199–200; negative associations of respodents with term, 23; power and, 4; traditional definitions of, 3–4, 6, 123
political education: Black women in public housing and, 102–103; Gautreaux and, 61; physical space and, 68, 179; political imagination and, 57, 65; political possible-self (PPS) framework and, 39f, 40f, 57, 61, 132, 175; social connections and, 179; storytelling and, 58–59, 61, 67, 77, 81, 194–195; via accessible private spaces, 68; whisper networks and, 67
political identity: neighborhoods and, 203–204; personal control and, 178; public housing and, 202–203; public policy and, 177–179, 202–203; sociopolitical community and, 51–53, 163, 177–179
political imagination: aesthetics and, 148–150; Black feminist theory and, 54; CHA Tenant Services meeting and, 75–77; homemaking and, 149; malleability of, 68; political education and, 57, 65, 67–69; political possible-self (PPS) framework and, 5, 35–37, 38f, 56–57, 79–80, 115–116, 115f, 175, 190–191; sociopolitical tools and, 37–38, 39f, 40f, 41; state violence and, 57–58
political possible-self (PPS) framework: alienated PPS, 58f, 116–126, 123f; applications of, 22–23, 77, 78f, 79–80, 189, 191–192, 200; belonging and, 58f, 115f, 164–165, 175, 190–192; change over time and, 41, 77, 78f, 79–80; community PPS, 58f, 185, 185f; defining, 35–37; as holistic framework for Black women living in poverty, 189; liberatory PPS, 58f, 65, 67, 165f, 175; loss of access to sociopolitical education and, 40f; matrix for, 38f, 58f, 115f, 150, 160, 161f; neutral PPS, 130–131, 131f; physical space and, 51–52, 69–74; political education and, 39f, 40f, 57, 61, 132, 175; political efficacy and, 56; political imagination and, 5, 35–37, 38f, 56–57, 79–80, 115–116, 115f, 175, 190–191; sociopolitical community and, 5, 35–37, 38f, 56–57, 79–80, 132; sociopolitical tools and, 37–38, 41; visionary PPS, 56, 58f, 73f
political practitioners, 23–24, 196–199
politics: definition of subjects of study, 17–18, 21–22; expanding definitions of, 3–4, 6, 188, 188–190, 195; extrasystemic politics vs., 4–5; of the home, 172–174; language from White American context and, 6–7, 18, 199–200; negative associations of respodents with term, 23; traditional definitions of, 3–4, 6, 123
Politics of Public Housing, The (Williams), 102, 200
Popkin, Susan J., 158
poverty: access to tradition means of political engagement and, 7–8; Black communities and, 8–9; childcare and, 173–174; political engagement and, 50–51, 168–169. See also Black women living below poverty line
power: as ability to compel others to act, 27, 183; defining politics and, 4, 183; the home and, 172–173, 193; as influence, 170–172, 193; political education and, 57; public sphere access and, 83–84, 193; sociopolitical community and, 170–172, 192–193. See also sociopolitical tools
Prowse, Gwen, 179
public spheres: Black Feminist definitional criterion (BFDC), 30–31, 189–190; Black publics/counterpublics and, 84–85, 129–130, 129n; Chicago public housing and, 87, 163–164, 203; defining, 82; enclave, 85–89; marginalized communities and, 82–84, 87–89; political participation and, 163, 185–186; public housing and, 191
public-spirited conversation, 83
public transportation, 21
Pullman Factory, 92
quotidian politics. See extrasystemic politics
racial discrimination, 61
Ralph, Laurence, 122
residential violence, 8, 59–62, 71–72, 91–93, 146–147
resistance politics, 193–194
respectability politics, 96–97
Robert Taylor Homes, 117n, 185
Rodríguez, Dylan, 20
Rosebud grocery store, 133–134
Roth, Benita, 12
Sara (respondent), 87–89
Schlozman, Kay Lehman, 51
Schmidt, Robert, 135
Schmidt, Ronald, 6
Scholz, Sally, 25
schools, 49–50
secondary marginalization, 119, 119n, 128
Section 8 vouchers, 94–97, 151–152
sexism, 72
sexual assault, 61
Shaw, Maxine “Max”: aesthetics and, 170, 171–174; Environmental Justice Organization (EJO) and, 64; Regine Hunter and, 64, 176–177; interview with author, 170–172, 175–176; liberatory PPS and, 165f, 175; origins of study and, 15; personal relationships and, 169–171, 179; on Plan for Transformation housing policy, 168; political activity and, 169; political education and, 172–173, 175–176; political imagination of, 175; politics of the home and, 172–174; recruitment of neighbors and, 169–170; sense of belonging and, 175; sense of personal power of, 170–172, 175
Shug (respondent): CHA meetings and, 148; on children in Altgeld Gardens, 137–138, 145; interview with author, 137–141, 143–148; power and, 140–142; social connection and, 137–138, 147–148, 179; sociopolitical tools and, 138–142; on the state, 141–142; traditional political participation and, 138–140; violence and, 145–147; visionary PPS and, 143–144, 144f
Simien, Evelyn, 6, 10n, 54–55, 198
Sister Citizen (Harris-Perry), 129
social isolation, 114–115
social networks, 103–104, 164–168, 179–180, 186. See also sociopolitical community
Social Security Disability (SSDI), 177
sociopolitical community: Black feminist frameworks and, 55; Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) and, 52–53; defining, 27–30; effect of poverty on, 168–169; homemaking and, 149; physical space and, 51–52; Plan for Transformation housing policy and, 52–53; political education and, 179; political identity and, 51–53, 163, 177–179; politics of invisibility and, 128–130, 134; power and, 170–172, 192–193, 193; public housing and, 52–53; public-spirited conversation and, 83; sociopolitical tools and, 37–38, 39f, 40f, 41, 51–52, 192; warnings about getting caught up in, 121–122
sociopolitical tools: aesthetics and, 111–112, 148–150, 155–157, 170–171, 202; Black women and, 194; colonialism and, 197–198; defining, 26–27; in enclave public spheres, 87–89; geography and, 113; homemaking as, 111–112, 149–150, 155–157, 170–171, 202; neoliberalism’s effect on Black communities’, 98–101, 108; physical space and, 51–52; political possible-self (PPC) framework and, 37–38, 41, 190, 203; public housing and, 48–50; social networks and, 103–104, 179–180; storytelling as, 58–59, 77, 81, 194–195; violence and, 71
Sofia (respondent): aesthetics and, 155–157; anti-Blackness, 158; on decline of Altgeld, 151; depression and, mental health of, 159–160; desire to leave Altgeld, 151, 153, 159; as example of visionary PPS, 150, 160; on government, 155, 161–162; homemaking and, 155–157; interview with author, 151, 155, 156–159; misogyny and, 158; of mistreatment from CHA, 156–157; political activity and, 159; religion and, 150, 157; social connections and, 160–161
special education services, 126
Spence, Lester, 14, 20, 189, 196
Squires, Catherine R., 83–86, 129n
state: alienation from dealings with, 154–155; Black women and surveillance by, 8; broken windows theory and, 112, 184n; geographical control and, 113, 162, 167–168; respondents’ connection of poor conditions and, 154–155; violence and, 58–59
Stolle, Dietlind, 198
storytelling, 58–59, 61, 67, 77, 81, 194–195
Tanous, Osama, 98
Trounstine, Jessica, 90
Urban Black Women and the Politics of Resistance (Isoke), 199
Urban Institute, 97
U.S. Census Bureau, 8
Venkatesh, Sudhir, 90
Verba, Sidney, 51
violence: Chicago public housing and, 59–62, 71–72, 91–92, 146–147; disengagement and, 69–74, 201–202; domestic violence, 60; geographical differences in safety in Altgeld Gardens and, 146–147; marginalized Black community and, 30n; overcrowding and, 186; physical spaces and, 72; police brutality, 58–59; political imagination and, 57–58, 201–202; sexual assault, 61
Weaver, Vesla, 6, 57–59, 61, 154, 177–179
welfare system, 91, 100–102, 134, 177–178, 201
whisper networks, 67. See also storytelling
Williams, Debra, 21
Williamson, Terrion L., 9–10, 11, 51, 196
Williams, Rhonda Y., 30, 32, 101–102, 189, 200–201
Wong, Diane, 44
Yin, Robert K, 105