UNPUBLISHED PRIMARY MATERIAL
Company Archives
The Archives of RST in Britain
These are located at Rhodesian Selection Trust International Metals, 1 Noble Street, London EC2V7DA. The material consists primarily of secretary’s files containing reports from the field management of RACM, MCM, and RST between 1928 and the outbreak of the war. The notation used to indicate material from this source is “RST.”
The Archives of RST in Africa
These are held by Roan Consolidated Mines, Central Services Division, P.O. Box 1505, Ndola, Zambia. The archives are well organized and extensive. The material is not always complete, but covers most aspects of the mining operations at Roan and Mufulira from the late 1920s. The notation used to indicate this material is “RCM/CSD.”
A number of records are held by the personnel department at Roan Antelope Copper Mine. The notation used to indicate material from this source is “RACM.”
The Archives of (Rhodesian) Anglo-American in Africa
This is an incomplete collection held by the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines, Centralised Services Division Technical Library, P. O. Box 172, Kitwe, Zambia. Much of the material deals with labor, although with a heavy technical bias. The records date back to the early 1930s, and cover a wide range of subjects. The notation used to indicate material at Nchanga is “NCCM/CSD.”
Some records are still in the possession of the operating divisions, primarily the personnel department of Rokana Division (the former Rhokana Corporation) in Kitwe. Although incomplete, the records span the period from the early 1930s to independence. The notation used for material at Rokana Division is “(R).”
The Archives of the Northern Rhodesian Chamber of Mines
These are held by the Copper Industry Service Bureau, P.O. Box 2100, Kitwe, Zambia. The material covers primarily the period since 1940. The notation used for this material is “CISB.”
Mission Archives
The Archives of the Council for World Missions
Located at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, they include records of the London Missionary Society, the Commonwealth Missionary Society, and the Presbyterian Church of England Overseas Mission. The records include material on the United Missions in the Copperbelt. The notation for this material is “LMS.”
The Archives of the Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland
These records are located at Edinburgh House, 2 Eaton Gate, London SW1. There are five boxes from the UMCB, 1936–46. The notation for this material is “CBM.”
The Archives of the Methodist Missionary Society
Located at 25 Marlybone Rd., London NW1, these records include data on the United Missions in the Copperbelt. The notation for this material is “MMS.”
Mindolo Ecumenical Center
The Center is located in Kitwe, Zambia. It used to be the central location for the United Missions in the Copperbelt. The Center has some material from the United Missions, but the collection is uneven. There is some material on mine welfare in the 1950s and 1960s.
State Archives
National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka
These archives have a 30-year rule, so material after 1947 was not available. The secretariat files have their own numbers, beginning with “SEC.” Other files are identified by the notation “ZA.” Some relevant files are:
African Labour, 1930–45, SEC/LAB/1.
Investigation of labour conditions, by province, 1936–37, SEC/LAB/17-22.
Stabilisation of native labour, SEC/LAB/27.
Native Industrial Labour Advisory Board, 1935–47, SEC/LAB/33-34.
Labour Department organisation, 1939–41, SEC/LAB/36.
Labour Commissioner’s reports, 1941–47, SEC/LAB/41-47.
Labour conditions on mines, 1939, SEC/LAB/68.
African strike on the Copperbelt, SEC/LAB/78-79.
Report on Copperbelt strike by Secretary for Native Affairs, 1940, SEC/LAB/104.
The Russell Commission, 1935, ZP/10.
The Forster Commission, 1940, ZP/12.
Boss Boys’ Committees, ZA/Acc. 52/17.
Conditions on the mines, 1929–34, ZA1/9/18/43.
Beer in Northern Rhodesia, ZA 1/9/83/2-4.
Archives of the British Colonial Office at the Public Records Office, Portugal Street, London ECI
The notation used to indicate material from this source is “PRO.”
Evidence to Commissions and Boards of Inquiry
Copies of the evidence given by witnesses before the Russell (1935) and Bledisloe (1938–39) Commissions of Inquiry are deposited at the Commonwealth Office Library, London. The evidence to the Forster Commission (1940) is located at the National Archives of Zambia, Lusaka. Verbatim reports of the evidence given before the following Inquiries are held in the library of the Copper Industry Service Bureau, Kitwe:
Dalgleish Commission of Inquiry, 1948.
Forster Board of Inquiry, 1954.
Branigan Commission of Inquiry, 1956 (incomplete).
Honeyman Commission of Inquiry, 1957.
Morison Commission of Inquiry, 1962.
Brown Commission of Inquiry, 1966.
Miscellaneous Sources
Papers of Arthur Creech Jones, R. R. Stokes, and G. St. J. Orde Browne in the Colonial Records Project collection, Rhodes House, Oxford.
Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia. Assorted papers on Zambia.
Special Collections, University of Zambia. A good collection of Northern Rhodesian government reports. Has data from the Copperbelt oral history project.
Epstein papers. Private papers of Dr. A. L. Epstein at Sussex University, England.
Dissertations and Theses
Baylies, Carolyn. “The State and Class Formation in Zambia.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1978.
Burdette, Marcia. “The Dynamics of Nationalization between Multinational Corporations and Peripheral States.” Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1979.
Cross, J. S. W. “The Watch Tower Movement in South Central Africa 1908–1945.” D.Phil, thesis, Oxford, 1973.
Gifford, P. “The Framework for a Nation: An Economic and Social History of Northern Rhodesia from 1914 to 1939.” Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1964.
Henderson, I. “Labour and Politics in Northern Rhodesia: A Study of the Limits of Colonial Power.” D.Phil, thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1972.
Wincott, N. E. “Some Aspects of the Growth and Development of African Urban Society in Zambia.” B. Litt. thesis, Oxford, 1966.
Zelniker, S. “Changing Patterns of Trade Unionism: The Zambian Case 1948–64.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1970.
Unpublished reports and articles
Anglo-American Corporation. “Joint Memorandum on the Companies Operating in Northern Rhodesia of the Anglo-American Corporation and Rhodesian Selection Trust.” 11 July 1963.
Bromwich, E. C. “African Advancement.” 5 February 1962 (RST).
Franklin, H. C. “African Absenteesim.” 1959 (RST).
. “An Investigation into the Social Background of the Advancees.” 1958 (RST).
Waldstein, N. S. “The Struggle for African Advancement within the Copper Industry of Northern Rhodesia.” M.I.T. Center for International Studies, Cambridge, Mass., 1957.
PRINTED MATERIAL
Primary Sources
Annual Series
Northern Rhodesia Legislative Council Debates.
Annual Reports of the Department of Labour of Northern Rhodesia.
Annual Reports of the Department of Mines of Northern Rhodesia.
Northern Rhodesia Chamber of Mines Year Books. Kitwe, 1956–63.
Official Reports for Northern Rhodesia
Report of the Sub-Committee of the Native Industrial Labour Advisory Board, Administrative Control of Industrial Population. Lusaka, 1936.
Report of the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Disturbances in the Copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia. (Chairman, Sir John Forster.) Lusaka, 1941.
Statement by the Government of Northern Rhodesia on the Recommendations of the Report of the Copperbelt Commission, 1940. Lusaka, 1941.
A Report on Some Aspects of African Living Conditions on the Copper Belt of Northern Rhodesia. A. Lynn Saffery, Lusaka, 1943.
Report of the Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Advancement of Africans in Industry. (Chairman, A. Dalgleish.) Lusaka, 1948.
Report and Award of the Arbitrator C. W. Guillebaud. January 1953.
Report of the Board of Inquiry Appointed to Inquire into the Advancement of Africans in the Copper Mining Industry in Northern Rhodesia. (Chairman, Sir John Forster.) Lusaka, 1954.
Report of the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Unrest in the Mining Industry in Northern Rhodesia in Recent Months. (Chairman, Sir Patrick Branigan.) Lusaka, 1956.
Report of the Committee on Trade Testing and Apprenticeship for Africans. Lusaka, 1957.
Report of the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Stoppage in the Mining Industry in Northern Rhodesia in July, 1957, and to Make Recommendations for the Avoidance and Quick Settlement of Disputes in the Industry. (Chairman, G. G. Honeyman.) Lusaka, 1957.
Report of the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Mining Industry in Northern Rhodesia. (Chairman, Sir Ronald Morison.) Lusaka, 1962.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Unrest on the Copperbelt, July–August, 1963. (Chairman, F. J. Whelan.) Lusaka, 1963.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Mining Industry. (Chairman, Roland Brown.) Lusaka, 1966.
Official Reports for United Kingdom
Report of the Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Disturbances in the Copperbelt, Northern Rhodesia, 1935. Cmd. 5009 of 1935.
Report of the Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Financial and Economic Position of Northern Rhodesia. (Chairman, Sir Alan Pim.) Colonial No. 145 of 1938.
Labour Conditions in Northern Rhodesia. Report by Major G. St. J. Orde Browne, O.B.E. Colonial No. 150 of 1938.
Rhodesia-Nyasland Royal Commission Report. (Chairman, Lord Bledisloe.) Cmd. 5949 of 1939.
Conference on the Federation of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Vol. 2. London, 1953.
Newspapers and Periodicals
The African Mail, Lusaka, 1960–62.
The Bulawayo Chronicle, Salisbury, 1892–.
The Central African Examiner, Salisbury, 1957.
The Central African Mail, Lusaka, 1960–62.
The Central African Post, Lusaka, 1948–62.
The Copperbelt Times, Chingola, 1932–43.
Mutende, Lusaka, 1936–52.
The Northern News, Ndola, 1943–63.
The Northern Rhodesian Advertiser, Ndola, 1935–55.
The Rhodesia Herald, Salisbury, 1892–.
The Zambia News, Ndola, 1963–64.
Secondary Sources
Books
Allighan, Gary. The Welensky Story. Cape Town, 1962.
Apthorpe, R. J., ed. Present Interrelations in Central African Rural and Urban Life. Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 11th Conference Proceedings. Lusaka, 1958.
Apthorpe, R. J., and Matthews, D., eds. Social Relations in Central African Industry. Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 12th Conference Proceedings. Lusaka, 1958.
Baldwin, R. E. Economic Development and Export Growth: A Study of Northern Rhodesia, 1920–60. Berkeley, 1966.
Bancroft, J. A. Mining in Northern Rhodesia. London: BSA Co., 1961.
Barber, W. J. The Economy of British Central Africa. Stanford, 1961.
Bates, R. H. Unions, Parties and Political Development: A Study of Mineworkers in Zambia. New Haven, 1971.
Bendix, R. Work and Authority in Industry. Los Angeles, 1963.
Berger, Elena. Labour, Race, and Colonial Rule: The Copperbelt from 1924 to Independence. Oxford, 1974.
Bradley, Kenneth G. Copper Venture: The Discovery and Development of Roan Antelope and Mufulira. London, 1952.
Brown, T. C. Copper in Africa: The Copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia. Edinburgh, 1943.
Burawoy, Michael. The Colour of Class on the Copper Mines: From African Advancement to Zambianization. Zambian Papers, No. 7. Lusaka, 1972.
Clarke, J.; Critcher, C; and Johnson, R., eds. Working Class Culture: Studies in History and Theory. New York, 1979.
Cohen, Sir Andrew. British Policy in Changing Africa. London, 1959.
Coleman, F. L. The Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt 1899–1962: Technological Development up to the End of the Central African Federation. Manchester, 1971.
Cunningham, Simon. The Copper Industry in Zambia. New York, 1981.
Daniel, Philip. Africanisation, Nationalisation and Inequality. Cambridge, England, 1979.
Davidson, J. W. The Northern Rhodesian Legislative Council. London, 1948.
Davies, D. Hywell. Zambia in Maps. London, 1971.
Davies, I. African Trade Unions. Harmondsworth, 1966.
Davis, J. Merle, ed. Modern Industry and the African. London, 1933.
Elliot, Charles, ed. Constraints on the Economic Development of Zambia. Nairobi, 1971.
Epstein, A. L. Politics in an Urban African Community. Manchester, 1958.
Fetter, B. The Creation of Elisabethville 1910–1940. Stanford, 1976.
Forde, D., ed. Social Implications of Industrialisation and Urbanization in Africa South of the Sahara. UNESCO, Paris, 1956.
Franklin, H. Unholy Wedlock. London, 1963.
Gann, L. H. The Birth of a Plural Society: The Development of Northern Rhodesia under the British South Africa Company. Manchester, 1958.
. A History of Northern Rhodesia: Early Days to 1953. London, 1964.
Gelfand, M. Northern Rhodesia in the Days of the Charter. Oxford, 1961.
Gidden, Anthony. The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. London, 1973.
Gray, R. The Two Nations: Aspects of the Development of Race Relations in the Rhodesias and Nyasland. London, 1960.
Gregory, Sir Theodore. Ernest Oppenheimer and the Economic Development of Southern Africa. Cape Town, 1962.
Gutkind, Peter C. W. The Emergent African Urban Proletariat. Occasional Paper Series, No. 8. Montreal, 1974.
Hall, R. Zambia. London, 1965.
Harries-Jones, Peter. Freedom and Labour: Mobilization and Political Control on the Zambian Copperbelt. Oxford, 1975.
Heisler, Helmuth. Urbanisation and the Government of Migration. London, 1974.
Herfindahl, O. C. Copper Costs and Prices: 1870–1957. Baltimore, 1959.
Hocking, Anthony. Oppenheimer and Son. New York, 1968.
Holleman, J. F., and Biesheuvel, S. White Mine Workers in Northern Rhodesia, 1959–60. Leiden, 1973.
Johnstone, F. A. Class, Race and Gold. London, 1976.
Kay, G. A Social Geography of Zambia. London, 1967.
Kitching, G, Class and Economic Change in Kenya. New Haven, 1980.
Lewin, J. The Colour Bar in the Copper Belt. Johannesburg, 1941.
Mezger, Dorothea. Copper in the World Economy. Translated by Pete Burgess. New York, 1980.
Miliband, Ralph. Marxism and Politics. Oxford, 1977.
Mitchell, J. C. The Kalela Dance. Rhodes-Livingstone Paper No. 27. Lusaka, 1957.
Moore, R. J. B. Man’s Act and God’s in Africa. London, 1940.
. These African Copper Miners. Revised and with appendices by A. Sandilands. London, 1948.
Mulford, David C. Zambia: The Politics of Independence. London, 1967.
Obidegwu, F., and Nziramasanga. Copper and Zambia. Lexington, Massachusetts, 1981.
Ohadike, P. O. Development of and Factors in the Employment of African Migrants in the Copper Mines of Zambia 1940–66. Zambian Papers, No. 4. Manchester, 1969.
Ollowa, P. E. Participatory Democracy in Zambia. London, 1979.
Orde Browne, G. St. J. The African Labourer. London, 1933.
Palmer, Robin, and Parsons, Neil, eds. The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa. Los Angeles, 1977.
Perrings, Charles. Black Mineworkers in Central Africa. New York, 1979.
Phimister, I. R. and Van Onselen, Charles. Studies in the History of African Mine Labour in Colonial Zimbabwe. Gwelo, Zimbabwe, 1978.
Poulantzas, N. Classes in Contemporary Capitalism. London, 1975.
Powdermaker, Hortense. Copper Town: Changing Africa. New York, 1962.
Prain, Sir Ronald. Copper: The Anatomy of an Industry. London, 1975.
. Reflections of an Era. Surrey, England, 1981.
. Selected Papers 1953–51. London, 1958.
. Selected Papers 1958–60. London, 1961.
. Selected Papers 1961–64. London, 1964.
Ranger, T. O. Dance and Society in Eastern Africa 1890–1970. London, 1975.
Richards, A. Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia. London, 1939.
Roberts, Andrew. A History of Zambia. New York, 1979.
Roberts, B. C. Labour in the Tropical Territories of the Commonwealth. London, 1964.
Rotberg, Robert I. Black Heart: Gore-Browne and the Politics of Multi-Racial Zambia. Berkeley, 1977.
. The Rise of Nationalism in Central Africa. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1966.
Sklar, Richard L. Corporate Power in an African State: The Political Impact of Multinational Mining Companies in Zambia. Los Angeles, 1975.
Taylor, John V., and Lehmann, Dorothea S. Christians of the Copperbelt: The Growth of the Church in Northern Rhodesia. London, 1961.
Thompson, E. P. The Making of the English Working Class. New York, 1968.
Tordoff, William, ed. Politics in Zambia. Manchester, 1974.
Van Onselen, Charles. Chibaro: African Mine Labour in Southern Rhodesia 1900–1933. London, 1976.
Watson, Sir Malcolm, ed. African Highways: The Battle for Health in Central Africa. London, 1953.
Welensky, Sir Roy. Welensky’s 4,000 Days. London, 1964.
Wilson, Francis. Labour in the South African Gold Mines 1911–1969. Cambridge, 1972.
Wilson, G. An Essay on the Economics of Detribalisation. Livingstone, 1941–42.
Articles
Berg, E. and Butler, J. “Trade Unions.” In Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa, edited by J. Coleman and C. Rosberg. Los Angeles, 1964.
Bettison, D. “The Poverty Datum Line in Central Africa.” Rhodes-Livingstone Journal 27 (June 1960).
. “Factors in the Determination of Wage Rates in Central Africa.” Rhodes-Livingstone Journal 28 (December 1960).
Bozzoli, Belinda. “Managerialism and the Mode of Production in South Africa.” South African Labour Bulletin 3, no. 8 (October 1977).
Burawoy, M. “Another Look at the Mineworker.” African Social Research 14 (1972).
. “The Hidden Adobe of Underdevelopment: Labor Process and the State in Zambia” Politics and Society 11, no. 2 (1982).
Carchedi, G. “The Reproduction of Social Classes at the Level of Production Relations.” Economy and Society 4, no. 4 (1975).
Chauncy, George, Jr. “The Locus of Reproduction: Women’s Labour in the Zambian Copperbelt, 1927–1953.” Journal of Southern African Studies 7, no. 2 (April 1981).
Clausen, L. “On Attitudes Towards Industrial Conflict in Zambian Industry.” African Social Research 2 (December 1966).
Clay, G. C. T. “African Urban Advisory Councils in the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt. ” Journal of African Administration 1, no. 1 (January 1949).
Epstein, A. L. “Linguistic Innovation and Culture on the Copperbelt, Northern Rhodesia.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 15 (1959).
Femia, Joseph. “Hegemony and Consciousness in the Thought of Antonio Gramsci.” Political Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1975).
Gann, L. H. “The Northern Rhodesia Copper Industry and the World of Copper: 1923–52.” Rhodes-Livingstone Journal 18 (1955).
Good, Kenneth. “Settler Colonialism: Economic Development and Class Formation.” Journal of Modern African Studies 14, no. 4 (1976).
Heath, F. M. N. “The Growth of African Councils on the Copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia.” Journal of African Administration 5 (1953).
Henderson, I. “The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case.” Journal of African History 11, no. 4 (1970).
. “Wage-Earners and Political Protest in Colonial Africa: The Case of the Copperbelt.” African Affairs 72, no. 288 (1973).
. “Early African Leadership: The Copperbelt Disturbances of 1935 and 1940.” Journal of Southern African Studies 2, no. 1 (1975).
Hochschild, H. K. “Labour Relations in Northern Rhodesia.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 206 (July 1956).
Hooker, J. R. “The Role of the Labour Department in the Birth of African Trade Unionism in Northern Rhodesia.” International Review of Social History, 10, no. 1 (1965).
Johnson, Terry. “What Is to Be Known? The Structural Determination of Social Class.” Economy and Society 6, no. 2 (May 1977).
Jones, Rheinnalt D. “The Effects of Urbanization in South and Central Africa.” African Affairs 52 (1953).
Maxwell, Sir James C. “Some Aspects of Native Policy in Northern Rhodesia.” Journal of the African Society 29, no. 117 (October 1930).
Menzies, I. R. “Tribalism in an Industrial Community.” In The Multitribal Society, Proceedings of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 16th Conference Proceedings. Lusaka, 1962.
Mitchell, J. C. “The Distribution of African Labour by Area of Origin on the Copper Mines of Northern Rhodesia.” Rhodes-Livingstone Journal 14 (1954).
. “A Note on the Urbanization of Africans on the Copperbelt.” Human Problems in British Central Africa 12 (1951).
Mitchell, J. C. and Epstein, A. L. “Occupational Prestige and Social Status among Urban Africans in Northern Rhodesia.” Africa 29, no. 1 (1959).
Moore, R. J. B. “Native Wages and the Standard of Living in Northern Rhodesia.” African Studies 1, no. 2 (June 1942).
Ohadike, P. O. “Migrants in the Copper Mines of Zambia, 1940–66.” In Population Growth, edited by S. H. Ominde. New York, 1972.
Oppenheimer, Sir Ernest. “The Advancement of Africans in Industry.” Optima 3, no. 3 (1953).
Oppenheimer, H. “Sir Ernest Oppenheimer: A Portrait by His Son.” Optima 2, no. 3 (September 1967).
Perrings, C. A. “A Moment in the ‘Proletarianization’ of the New Middle Class: Race, Value and the Division of Labour in the Copperbelt, 1946–1966.” Journal of Southern African Studies 6, no. 2 (April 1980).
. “Consciousness, Conflict and Proletarianization: An Assessment of the 1935 Mineworkers’ Strike on the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt.” Journal of Southern African Studies, 4, no. 1 (1977).
Prain, Sir Ronald I. “The Problem of African Advancement on the Copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia.” African Affairs 53 (1954).
. “The Stabilization of Labour in the Rhodesian Copperbelt.” African Affairs 55 (1956).
Rotberg, R. I. “Race Relations and Politics in Colonial Zambia: The Elwell Incident.” Race 7, no. 7 (July 1965).
Spearpoint, C. F. “The African Native and the Rhodesia Copper Mines.” Supplement to Journal of the Royal African Society 36, no. 144 (July 1937).
Stark, D. “Class Struggle and the Transformation of the Labor Process.” Theory and Society 9 (1980).
Stichter, S. “The Impact of the Depression on Workers’ Movements in East and Central Africa, 1930–1936.” Mimeograph, 1981.
Welensky, Roy. “Africans and Trade Unions in Northern Rhodesia.” African Affairs 45 (1936).
Wright, Erik Olin. “Class Boundaries in Advanced Capitalist Societies.” New Left Review 98 (July/August 1976).
ORAL EVIDENCE TAKEN
The following is a list of interviews with individuals having long association with the copper mines in various capacities. Interviews were in English unless otherwise stated.
Bowa, J. H. Community Development Section, MCM, interviewed at Mufulira, 7 September 1976.
Bryant, R. B., Personnel Department, MCM, interviewed at Mufulira, 7 September 1976.
Chibambo, Langford D., Personnel Department, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 12 September 1976.
Chipako, J. Malik Personnel Department, Rhokana, interviewed at Kitwe, 14 September 1976.
Chisanga, Reverend Joel, Minister in United Church of Zambia, interviewed at Mindolo Ecumenical Center, Kitwe, 29 August 1976.
Chisata, John, former President of AMWU, interviewed at Mufulira, 14 September 1976.
Chishala, V. K., Pesonnel Department, Rhokana, interviewed at Kitwe, 21 September 1976.
Chiwila, Sandford, Personnel Department, Rhokana, interviewed at Kitwe, 27 November 1975.
Cook, Chris, former African Personnel Manager, RACM, interviewed at East London, South Africa, 4 October 1976.
Dalton, John, management, NCCM, interviewed at Lusaka, 4 August 1975.
Davis, N. R. K., management, NRCM, interviewed at Kitwe, 15 September 1976.
Etheredge, Dennis, management, Anglo-American Corporation, interviewed at Johannesburg, 12 October 1976.
Ferreira, Howard H., former Government Welfare Officer, interviewed at Johannesburg, 11 October 1976.
Fisher, A. C., former Chief Medical Officer, RACM, interviewed at Greystone Park, Kitwe, 21 August 1976.
Goodwin, Brian, former president of the European Mineworkers’ Union, and member of Legislative Council, interviewed at Lusaka, 26 June 1976.
Graham-Harrison, Monty, former UMCB member, interviewed in London, 25 October 1976.
Hough, Michael, former Advisor on Community Affairs for Anglo-American Corporation, interviewed at Fort Hare University, South Africa, 4 October 1976.
Howie, Richard, former head of African Welfare, RACM, interviewed at Johannesburg, 10 October 1976.
Kabilika, Ashton Musonda, miner and early union leader, Rhokana, interviewed at Kitwe, 29 August 1976. Language, Chibemba.
Kambafwile, Patson, miner and union leader, MCM, interviewed at Mufulira, 9 September 1976.
Katongo, Theresa, welfare worker, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 3 September 1976.
Koloko, Boniface, Personnel Department, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 30 August 1976.
Law, P. J., former Labor Officer, Northern Rhodesia, interviewed at Oxford, 26 October 1976.
Lehmann, Dorothea, former UMCB missionary, interviewed at Lusaka, 21 April 1976.
Lloyd, Mavis, former Welfare Officer, RACM, interviewed at East London, South Africa, 4 October 1976.
Luyt, Sir Richard, former Labor Officer, later Chief Secretary, Northern Rhodesia, interviewed in Cape Town, South Africa, 7 October 1976.
McCallum, James, formerly with the Personnel Department, Rhokana, interviewed at Cape Town, South Africa, 8 October 1976.
McPherson, Fergus, former UMCB missionary, interviewed at Lusaka, 26 September 1975.
Morris, Reverend Gordon, former UMCB missionary, interviewed at Kitwe, 22 August 1976.
Morris, Sheila, wife of UMCB missionary, teacher, and welfare worker, interviewed at Luanshya, 3 September 1976.
Mubanga, P., miner and early union leader, Rhokana, interviewed at Kitwe, 16 September 1976.
Mubita, Joseph K., Personnel Department, MCM, interviewed at Mufulira, 7 September 1976.
Musakanya, Albert G., Personnel Department, Rhokana, interviewed at Nkana, 22 September 1976.
Musumbulwa, Fanny, welfare worker, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 1 September 1976.
Musumbulwa, Gabriel, Personnel Department, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 30 August 1976.
Mwalwanda, David Alfred, former miner and union leader, RACM interviewed at Luanshya, 13 September 1976.
Mwendapole, Matthew, former union leader, government minister, interviewed at Ndola, 3 August 1976.
Ndhlovu, S. K., Chief Community Development Officer, MCM, interviewed at Mufulira, 8 September 1976.
Nkoma, Sylvester, miner and union leader, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 3 September 1976.
Ostrander, Taylor, Assistant to the Chairman of American Metal Company, Vice-president of AMAX, interviewed in New York City, 14 July 1981.
Payne, John, Jr., former director of AMAX, technical advisor to RST, interviewed in Old Lyme, Connecticut, 13 July 1981.
Phiri, Chembe H., management and former union leader, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 3 September 1976.
Pierce, Joseph, Personnel Department, RACM, interviewed at Luanshya, 2 September 1976.
Prain, Sir Ronald, former managing director of RST, interviewed in Weybridge, England, 27 August 1982.
Sokota, Pascale, former teacher in Kitwe and Legislative Council member, interviewed at Kitwe, 28 August 1976.
Stubbs, William, former Labor Commissioner, Northern Rhodesia, interviewed at Oxford, 25 October 1976.
Torrance, Andrew, former Labor Officer, African Personnel Manager, MCM, now at NRCM, interviewed at Kitwe, 23 August 1976.
Vuillequiz, Jean, former director of RST, now with Metal Traders, Inc., interviewed in New York City, 10 June 1981.
Webber, Vernon, ‘B’ Director, Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd., interviewed in Boston, 2 December 1978.
Weill, Erwin, former secretary of AMAX, interviewed in New York City, 15 July 1981.