NOTES
CHAPTER 1
1.Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, Voice and Equality.
2.Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Kelley, Race Rebels; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; N. Brown and Young, “Ratchet Politics.”
3.Kelley, Race Rebels; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Dawson, Black Visions; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
4.Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Kelley, Race Rebels; Feimster, Southern Horrors; Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; Jordan-Zachery, “Beyond the Side Eye.”
5.Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Chicago Talks, “Occupy the Hood Strikes Back.”
6.Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Race Rebels; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
7.Amy Allen, The Power of Feminist Theory: Domination, Resistance, Solidarity (London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2018), https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429495939; Cudd, Analyzing Oppression; Clarissa Rile Hayward, De-Facing Power (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2010), https://doi.org/10.2307/3235365; Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990).
8.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
9.Hanchard, Party/Politics; Mouffe, On the Political; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
10.Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Richie, Arrested Justice.
11.Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; hooks, Where We Stand; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists,” 3–17; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help,” 19–30.
12.Davis, Women, Race and Class; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; K. Mitchell, Living with Lynching; K. Williams, They Left Great Marks; Carter and Willoughby-Herard, “What Kind of Mother Is She?”
13.Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Moffett-Bateau, “I Can’t Vote.”
14.Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
15.Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context,” 547–62; Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley, “Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards”; Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks.”
16.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “Resistance and Redemption Narratives.”
17.Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship.
18.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
19.Dawson, Behind the Mule; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Spence, Knocking the Hustle.
20.Schmidt, Interpreting Racial Politics; G. King et al., “Enhancing the Validity”; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy.”
21.Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help.”
22.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy.”
23.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Soss, Unwanted Claims.
24.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness.
25.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
26.Hanchard, Party/Politics; Dawson, Black Visions; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Carter and Willoughby-Herard, “What Kind of Mother Is She?”; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust.
27.Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Perry, Black Women; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Richie, Arrested Justice; Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
28.Robnett, How Long?; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Roth, Separate Roads to Feminism; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen.
29.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Richie, Arrested Justice; Gurusami, “Working for Redemption”; P. J. Harris, “Gatekeeping and Remaking.”
30.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics.
31.Friedrich, “Income, Poverty”; N. Jones et al., “Improved Race and Ethnicity Measures.”
32.National Partnership for Women and Families, Black Women and the Wage Gap.
33.Haider, Frye, and Khattar, “Census Data Show Historic Investments.”
34.Soss, Unwanted Claims; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; Richie, Arrested Justice; Ritchie, Invisible No More; INCITE!, Color of Violence.
35.Roberts, Shattered Bonds; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; H. Hansen, Bourgois, and Drucker, “Pathologizing Poverty.”
36.Soss, Unwanted Claims; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; H. Hansen, Bourgois, and Drucker, “Pathologizing Poverty”; Roberts, Shattered Bonds.
37.Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics.”
38.“The Combahee River Collective Statement”; hooks, Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism; Hull, Bell Scott, and Smith, But Some of Us Are Brave; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; James, Shadowboxing: Representations of Black Feminist Politics.
39.Evans-Winters, Black Feminism in Qualitative Inquiry.
40.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
41.Mouffe, On the Political; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Soss, “Lessons of Welfare”; Mettler and Soss, “Consequences of Public Policy”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Race Rebels; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Perry, Black Women; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Naples, Grassroots Warriors.
42.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
43.T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
44.Williamson, 7–8.
45.Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
46.D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics.
47.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival; Moffett-Bateau, “Feminist Erasures.”
48.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
49.Moffett-Bateau, “Feminist Erasures”; Dillard, Learning to (Re)Member; Evans-Winters, Black Feminism in Qualitative Inquiry.
50.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
51.Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley, “Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks”; Chase, “Public Housing Residents”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Holifield, “Defining Environmental Justice”; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement.”
52.CHA, “Plan for Transformation”; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Popkin, No Simple Solutions.
53.CHA, “Plan for Transformation”; CHA, “Altgeld Gardens and Phillip Murray Homes”; Moore, “Residents Question Chicago Housing Authority”; D. Williams, “Altgeld Gardens”; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Baron, What Is Gautreaux?; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
54.CHA, “Altgeld Gardens and Phillip Murray Homes.”
55.D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness.” “The Combahee River Collective Statement”; James and Guy-Sheftall, Seeking the Beloved Community; James, Shadowboxing: Representations of Black Feminist Politics.
56.Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center”; Roth, Separate Roads to Feminism; Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
57.Roth, Separate Roads to Feminism; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government.”
58.Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center.”
59.C. Jones, “End to the Neglect”; D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness”; Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins”; “The Combahee River Collective Statement.” Collins, Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory.
60.Roth, Separate Roads to Feminism, 76–77.
61.Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women; Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens?”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust.
62.Soss, Unwanted Claims; Soss, “Lessons of Welfare”; Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House.
63.“Combahee River Collective Statement”; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center”; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; Alexander-Floyd, “Radical Black Feminism”; hooks, Ain’t I a Woman.
64.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
65.hooks, Outlaw Culture; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; Hurston, Dust Tracks on a Road; “Combahee River Collective Statement”; James, Shadowboxing; Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
66.Moffett-Bateau, “Feminist Erasures”; Evans-Winters, Black Feminism in Qualitative Inquiry; Burack, Healing Identities.
67.Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
68.“Combahee River Collective Statement.”
69.“Combahee River Collective Statement”; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET.
70.Kelley, Race Rebels; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Dawson, Behind the Mule; Dawson, Black Visions; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Perry, Black Women; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Spence, Knocking the Hustle.
71.Spence, Knocking the Hustle, 25.
72.hooks, Outlaw Culture.
73.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Rios, Punished; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Perry, Black Women; Mitchell-Walthour, Politics of Survival.
74.C. Jones, “End to the Neglect”; D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness”; hooks, Ain’t I a Woman; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center”; James, Shadowboxing.
75.Moore, “Residents Question Chicago Housing Authority”; Moore, “Chicago Housing Authority Residents.”
76.“Isabel Wilkerson.”
77.Chicago Talks, “Occupy the Hood Strikes Back.”
78.G. King and Wand, “Comparing Incomparable Survey Responses”; G. King et al., “Enhancing the Validity”; Hopkins, Daniel and King, “Improving Anchoring Vignettes”; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics.
79.G. King et al., “Enhancing the Validity”; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; G. King and Wand, “Comparing Incomparable Survey Responses”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
80.Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
81.Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Hanchard, Party/Politics.
82.G. King and Wand, “Comparing Incomparable Survey Responses.”
83.Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Naples, Grassroots Warriors.
84.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence; Jeffrey and Sargrad, “Strengthening Democracy”; Love, We Want to Do More; hooks, Teaching to Transgress; hooks, Teaching Community.
85.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence; hooks, Teaching to Transgress.
86.Healy, “Momentum Grows.”
87.Healy.
88.Jeffrey and Sargrad, “Strengthening Democracy”; Maroni, “Americans’ Civics Knowledge”; Healy, “Momentum Grows.”
89.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence; Jeffrey and Sargrad, “Strengthening Democracy.”
90.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence, loc. 149–211.
91.Acheson; Bruch and Soss, “Schooling as a Formative Political Experience”; Butler, “Quiltmaking among African-American Women”; hooks, Teaching to Transgress; Su, Streetwise for Book Smarts; Cramer and Toff, “Fact of Experience”; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Rios, Punished; Charron, Freedom’s Teacher; Healy, “Momentum Grows.”
92.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence.
93.Ferguson, “Why Does Political Science Hate American Indians?”; Acheson, Abolishing State Violence.
94.Davis, Women, Race and Class; Ferguson, “Why Does Political Science Hate American Indians?”; hooks, Teaching to Transgress; Acheson, Abolishing State Violence.
95.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence; hooks, Teaching to Transgress.
96.Healy, “Momentum Grows”; Jeffrey and Sargrad, “Strengthening Democracy”; Maroni, “Americans’ Civics Knowledge”; Vasilogambros, “After Capitol Riot.”
97.Spence, Knocking the Hustle, 16–17.
98.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence, loc. 149–215.
99.Spence, Knocking the Hustle, 36–38; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics.”
100.Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence.”
101.D. Williams, “Altgeld Gardens.”
102.Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens”; Le Mignot, “4 Dead, 2 Wounded”; Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island.”
103.D. Williams, “Altgeld Gardens.”
104.Richie, Arrested Justice; Ritchie, Invisible No More; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
105.D. Williams, “Altgeld Gardens”; Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks”; Cutter, Boruff, and Shirley, “Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards”; Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement”; Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens”; Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island”; Chase, “Public Housing Residents”; Kasakove, “Major Chicago Public-Housing Lawsuit”; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux.
106.Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island”; Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens.”
107.D. Williams, “Altgeld Gardens”; Coalition to Protect Public Housing, “Written Submission”; Moore, “Residents Question Chicago Housing Authority”; D. Williams, “Altgeld Gardens”; Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens.”
108.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Desmond, Papachristos, and Kirk, “Police Violence.”
109.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Michener, “Policy Feedback in a Racialized Polity”; Mettler and Soss, “Consequences of Public Policy”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; A. L. Campbell, How Policies Make Citizens.
110.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Cramer and Toff, “Fact of Experience”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship.
111.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence; Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Race Rebels; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic.
112.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought.”
113.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Perry, Black Women; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens.”
114.Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition.”
115.Schmidt, Interpreting Racial Politics; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance.”
116.For further work on cultural incomparability, see Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; G. King and Wand, “Comparing Incomparable Survey Responses.”
117.Schmidt, Interpreting Racial Politics; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop.
118.Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance.”
119.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence; Davis, Women, Race and Class; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference”; Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence”; Wilson Gilmore, Golden Gulag; Kaba, Against Punishment; Richie, Arrested Justice; Ritchie, Invisible No More.
120.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Dawson, Black Visions; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; Mouffe, On the Political; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics.
121.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy.
122.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women; Michener, “Neighborhood Disorder and Local Participation”; Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; V. Williamson, Trump, and Einstein, “Black Lives Matter”; K. Williams, They Left Great Marks; Cohen, Democracy Remixed.
123.Scholz, “Empowering Resistance.”
124.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Michener, “Power from the Margins”; Perry, Black Women.
125.Hanchard, Party/Politics, 29.
126.Hanchard, 30.
127.Hanchard.
128.Hanchard, 28.
129.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Race Rebels.
130.Berger, Workable Sisterhood, 11.
131.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Dawson, Black Visions; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “Beyond the Side Eye.”
132.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Dawson, Black Visions; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Schneider, Police Power and Race Riots; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Butler, “Quiltmaking among African-American Women”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women; Jordan-Zachery, “Resistance and Redemption Narratives”; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics.
133.Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Jordan-Zachery, “Resistance and Redemption Narratives”; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance.”
134.Dion, “Political Ideology.”
135.Butler, “Quiltmaking among African-American Women.”
136.Mouffe, “Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community”; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought.”
137.Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
138.Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking.”
139.Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
140.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Dawson, Behind the Mule; Simien, “Race, Gender, and Linked Fate”; Dawson, Black Visions; D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness”; Jordan-Zachery, “Beyond the Side Eye”; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Mouffe, “Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community”; Mouffe, Return of the Political.
141.Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference”; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
142.Hayward, How Americans Make Race; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Michener, “Neighborhood Disorder and Local Participation”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Burch, “Neighborhood Effects of Incarceration”; Bolland and Moehle McCallum, “Neighboring and Community Mobilization”; Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses.”
143.Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy; Bolland and Moehle McCallum, “Neighboring and Community Mobilization”; Ralph, Renegade Dreams.
144.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
145.Masuoka and Junn, Politics of Belonging; hooks, Belonging; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Bolland and Moehle McCallum, “Neighboring and Community Mobilization”; James, Shadowboxing.
146.Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; Ralph, Renegade Dreams; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Venkatesh, American Project.
147.Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; Ralph, Renegade Dreams; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Venkatesh, American Project.
148.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds.
149.Hanchard, Party/Politics; Perry, Black Women.
150.Mouffe, Return of the Political.
151.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought.”
152.Mouffe, “Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community”; Mouffe, Return of the Political; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Dawson, Behind the Mule; Dawson, Black Visions.
153.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought.”
154.Dawson, Behind the Mule.
155.Collins, Black Feminist Thought; hooks, Ain’t I a Woman; hooks, Outlaw Culture; Ransby, Ella Baker; Robnett, How Long?; James, Shadowboxing.
156.Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness.
157.Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence”; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Trounstine, Segregation by Design.
158.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
159.Ransby, Making All Black Lives Matter; Carruthers, Unapologetic; Dawson, Black Visions.
160.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Isoke, Urban Black Women; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House.
161.Frazer, “Marry Wollstonecraft on Politics and Friendship.”
162.Sinclair, Social Citizen; Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, Voice and Equality; Morenoff, Sampson, and Raudenbush, “Neighborhood Inequality.”
163.Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Goetz, New Deal Ruins; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise.
164.L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Popkin, Levy, et al., “HOPE VI Program”; de Souza Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, Moving to Opportunity; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
165.Berger, Workable Sisterhood, 11.
166.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing, 6.
167.Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
168.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help.”
169.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
170.Young, 234.
171.Hanchard, Party/Politics, 30.
172.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing, 14; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
173.Berger, Workable Sisterhood, 18.
174.Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen.
175.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
176.McAdam, Political Process.
177.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference, 9.
178.Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance.”
179.Cohen, 39.
180.Cohen, 39.
181.Schneider, Police Power and Race Riots; Osterweil, In Defense of Looting.
182.D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics.
183.Acheson, Abolishing State Violence.
184.Mouffe, On the Political.
185.M. Mitchell et al., Black Women in Politics; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Perry, Black Women; Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
186.Naples, Grassroots Warriors.
187.Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance.”
188.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Massey and Kanaiapuni, “Public Housing”; Brison, Aftermath.
189.Kelley, Race Rebels, 10.
190.Hayward, How Americans Make Race.
191.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
192.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
193.Perry, Black Women; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City.
194.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Kang and Kwak, “Multilevel Approach to Civic Participation”; Morenoff, Sampson, and Raudenbush, “Neighborhood Inequality”; Sampson, Great American City; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
195.Oyserman and Fryberg, “Possible Selves of Diverse Adolescents”; Oyserman, Gant, and Ager, “Socially Contextualized Model”; Oyserman et al., “Possible Selves as Roadmaps.”
196.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Rios, Punished; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
197.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Alex-Assensoh, “Race, Concentrated Poverty”; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences.”
198.Masuoka and Junn, Politics of Belonging; C. Wong, Boundaries of Obligation.
199.hooks, Ain’t I a Woman; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center.”
200.C. Jones, “End to the Neglect”; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; “Combahee River Collective Statement”; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center.”
201.“Buy-cott” is a word used to describe economic boycotts. As Cohen notes in Democracy Remixed, it is an increasingly popular mode of political protest, particularly within communities of color in the United States. Stolle, Hooghe, and Micheletti, “Politics in the Supermarket”; Micheletti, Follesdal, and Stolle, Politics, Products, and Markets; Cohen, Democracy Remixed.
202.Gainous and Wagner, Tweeting to Power; McGregor, Mourão, and Molyneux, “Twitter as a Tool”; Gil de Zúñiga, Molyneux, and Zheng, “Social Media, Political Expression”; Gil de Zúñiga, “Social Media Use”; W. L. Bennett, “Personalization of Politics.”
203.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET.
204.D. Wong, “Shop Talk,” 137; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET.
205.Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
206.D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET.
207.Spence, “Ella Baker and the Challenge of Black Rule”; Davies, Left of Karl Marx; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center”; James, Shadowboxing.
208.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking.”
CHAPTER 2
1.Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center.”
2.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Michener, Fragmented Democracy; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
3.Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!
4.Michael Hawthorne and Darnell Little, “Our Toxic Air,” Chicago Tribune, December 29, 2008, https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2008-09-29-0809290162-story.html.
5.Baron, What Is Gautreaux?; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux.
6.Baron, What Is Gautreaux?, 3.
7.Robnett, How Long?; Francis, Civil Rights.
8.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Kelley, Race Rebels; Shingles, “Black Consciousness and Political Participation.”
9.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Baron, What Is Gautreaux?; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux.
10.Baron, What Is Gautreaux?, 3.
11.Feldman and Stall, The Dignity of Resistance; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise; Williams, The Politics of Public Housing; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Levenstein, A Movement Without Marches.
12.Shingles, “Black Consciousness and Political Participation.”
13.A. Campbell et al., American Voter; Alex-Assensoh, “Race, Concentrated Poverty”; Brady, Verba, and Schlozman, “Beyond SES.”
14.Brady, Verba, and Schlozman, “Beyond SES.”
15.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
16.T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
17.Hanchard, Party/Politics.
18.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women.
19.Hackworth, Neoliberal City; Spence, Knocking the Hustle.
20.Masuoka and Junn, Politics of Belonging; C. Wong, Boundaries of Obligation; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women.
21.Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences.”
22.Gay, “Moving to Opportunity.”
23.Dawson, Behind the Mule; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Dumke et al., “Daley’s CHA Plan Jolted Region.”
24.Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Hackworth, Neoliberal City.
25.Tim Novak et al., “Chicago Public Housing Authority Places Families in Crime Plagued Neighborhoods,” Better Government Association: Illinois’ Non-partisan Full-Service Watchdog, September 10, 2016, https://www.bettergov.org/news/chicago-housing-authority-places-families-in-crime-plagued-neighborhoods.
26.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City.
27.Masuoka and Junn, Politics of Belonging; C. Wong, Boundaries of Obligation; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Perry, Black Women; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
28.Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
29.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
30.Shingles, “Black Consciousness and Political Participation”; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Bruch and Soss, “Schooling as a Formative Political Experience”; Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government”; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Perry, Black Women.
31.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics, 11.
32.Gay, “Moving to Opportunity.”
33.Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise: Building Community in Chicago.
34.Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Hackworth, Neoliberal City; Spence, Knocking the Hustle.
35.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics, 5.
36.Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
37.Richie, Arrested Justice; Berger, Workable Sisterhood, 131–32.
38.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics.
39.Dawson, Behind the Mule.
40.Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center.”
41.“Combahee River Collective Statement”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Richie, Arrested Justice; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Dawson, Black Visions; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Perry, Black Women.
42.Mitchell et al.; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
43.M. Mitchell et al., Black Women in Politics.
44.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
45.Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship, 14–15.
46.Moffett-Bateau, “I Can’t Vote”; Brison, Aftermath; Peterson, Krivo, and Hagan, Divergent Social Worlds.
47.Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government.”
48.McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street; Feimster, Southern Horrors; Ritchie, Invisible No More; Ritchie, Shrouded in Silence; Richie, Arrested Justice; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens.”
49.Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government.”
50.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge.”
51.Baron, What Is Gautreaux?
52.Alexander Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux: A Story of Segregation, Housing, and the Black Ghetto (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2006).
53.Baron, 3.
54.Baron, 3.
55.Hearsey, “Sabbath Time!”
56.Isoke, Urban Black Women.
57.Isoke, 34–36.
58.Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters.
59.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City.
60.Brison, Aftermath; Richie, Arrested Justice; Ritchie, Invisible No More.
61.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds, xviii.
62.Sinclair, Social Citizen.
63.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics.
64.Eliasoph.
65.Eliasoph.
66.Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Dawson, Black Visions.
CHAPTER 3
1.Baron, What Is Gautreaux?; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement.”
2.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics.
3.Eliasoph.
4.Eliasoph, 11.
5.Eliasoph, 11.
6.Eliasoph, 11.
7.Wright Mills, Sociological Imagination; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics.
8.Wright Mills, Sociological Imagination; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Eliasoph, “Evaporation of Politics.”
9.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics.
10.Eliasoph, 15.
11.Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere”; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition.”
12.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere,” 448–49.
13.Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; New York Times Editorial, “Opinion”; Western, Punishment and Inequality in America.
14.New York Times Editorial, “Opinion”; Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice.
15.Nunnally, Trust in Black America; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Lyons, “Political Socialization of Ghetto Children”; Rios, Punished.
16.Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Dawson, Black Visions; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Roberts, Killing the Black Body.
17.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere”; Robnett, How Long?; McAdam, Political Process; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences”; Francis, “Strange Fruit of American Political Development.”
18.Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere.”
19.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere,” 454.
20.Squires, 448.
21.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics.”
22.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Bakshi, Meares, and Weaver, “Portals to Politics”; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences”; Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Perry, Black Women; D. Wong, “Shop Talk.”
23.Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere.”
24.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere”; Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere.
25.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere,” 456.
26.Moffett-Bateau, “I Can’t Vote”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House.
27.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere,” 448.
28.Squires; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Roberts, Killing the Black Body.
29.Soss, Unwanted Claims; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Perry, Black Women; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood. For more on “street-level bureaucrats,” see Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy.
30.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere,” 454.
31.Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; “Combahee River Collective Statement”; Alexander-Floyd, “Radical Black Feminism”; Jordan-Zachery, “Resistance and Redemption Narratives”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics.
32.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Perry, Black Women.
33.Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere,” 456 (emphasis mine).
34.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women.
35.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Perry, Black Women; Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics.
36.Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
37.Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Michener, Fragmented Democracy.
38.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics.
39.Eliasoph.
40.Eliasoph; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere.”
41.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
42.Steve Bogira, “Separate, Unequal and Ignored,” Chicago Reader, February 10, 2011, https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/chicago-politics-segregation-african-american-black-white-hispanic-latino-population-census-community/Content?oid=3221712; Venkatesh, American Project.
43.Sisson, Freund, and Koziarz, “How Mayor Rahm Emanuel Changed the Look of Chicago.”
44.Venkatesh, American Project.
45.Venkatesh.
46.Venkatesh. IX.
47.Trounstine, Segregation by Design, 3.
48.Trounstine, 3.
49.Trounstine.
50.Goetz, New Deal Ruins.
51.Goetz, 36.
52.Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise, 2.
53.Goetz, New Deal Ruins, 37.
54.Chicago Public Housing, Chicago Housing Authority Quarterly Report 3rd Quarter 2017, Chicago: Chicago Housing Authority, 2017, http://www.thecha.org/assets/1/6/CHA_Q3_2017_Quarterly_Report.pdf.
55.Goetz, New Deal Ruins, 40.
56.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
57.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Venkatesh, American Project; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Massey and Kanaiapuni, “Public Housing”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Kirk and Wakefield, “Collateral Consequences of Punishment”; Goetz, New Deal Ruins.
58.Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Venkatesh, American Project.
59.Chan, “40-Year Fight”; Chase, “Public Housing Residents.”
60.McAvoy, “Lost in the Shuffle.”
61.Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes.”
62.McAvoy, “Lost in the Shuffle.”
63.McAvoy.
64.Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island.”
65.Housing Authority Risk Retention Group v. Chicago Housing Authority, 378 F.3d 596 (7th Cir. 2004), https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1380122.html.
66.Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; Chase, “Public Housing Residents”; Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks”; Chan, “40-Year Fight.”
67.Johnson, “Altgeld Gardens Moved.”
68.Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement.”
69.Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island.”
70.Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens.”
71.Susan J. Popkin, “Hard Lessons from Chicago’s Public Housing Reform,” City Lab, February 7, 2017, https://www.citylab.com/equity/2017/02/hard-lessons-from-chicagos-public-housing-reform/515934/.
72.Kristine Berg, “Implementing Chicago’s Plan to Transform Public Housing,” (Changing Face of Metropolitan Chicago Conference on Chicago Research and Public Policy, May 12, 2004).
73.Berg.
74.Popkin and Cunningham.
75.Popkin and Cunningham.
76.Natalie Moore, “Why the Chicago Housing Authority Failed to Meet Its Mixed Income Ambitions,” WBEZ, March 23, 2017, http://interactive.wbez.org/cha/.
77.Robert Chaskin, “Transformed: 16,000 Families Moved out of Traditional Public Housing in Chicago,” SSA Magazine 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014), http://ssa.uchicago.edu/ssa_magazine/transformed.
78.Natalie Moore, “Public Housing Residents Learn the Rules for Mixed Income,” WBEZ 91.5 Chicago, June 3, 2008, https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/public-housing-residents-learn-the-rules-for-mixed-income/1b440f45-6b5f-4895-a1a0-d8e328d62017.
79.Hackworth, Neoliberal City.
80.David C. Ranney and Patricia A. “Wright, Race, Class, and The Abuse of State Power: The Case of Public Housing in Chicago,” Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighborhood and Community Improvement (March 2000). www.uic.edu/cuppa/voorheesctr/racepaper.htm.
81.Hackworth, Neoliberal City. Location 1077–1085.
82.Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence.”
83.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
84.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness, 64.
85.Jason Hackworth, The Neoliberal City: Governance, Ideology, and Development in American Urbanism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2014), 51. https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801461590.
86.Davenport, “Public Accountability and Political Participation”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Coalition to Protect Public Housing, “Written Submission.”
87.Susan J. Popkin, Megan Gallagher, et al., “CHA Residents and the Plan for Transformation,” Urban Institute, January 2013, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/23376/412761-CHA-Residents-and-the-Plan-for-Transformation.PDF.
88.Hackworth, Neoliberal City.
89.Massey and Kanaiapuni, “Public Housing”; Sampson, Great American City; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Popkin, Levy, et al., “HOPE VI Program.”
90.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Perry, Black Women; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
91.Hayward, How Americans Make Race; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
92.A. L. Campbell, How Policies Make Citizens; Mettler, Soldiers to Citizens; Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers; Soss, Unwanted Claims.
93.Mettler, Soldiers to Citizens; A. L. Campbell, How Policies Make Citizens; Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers.
94.Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship; Roberts, Killing the Black Body.
95.Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; A. L. Campbell, How Policies Make Citizens; Watkins-Hayes, New Welfare Bureaucrats; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
96.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Venkatesh, American Project; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Goetz, New Deal Ruins.
97.Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence”; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference.”
98.Tanous and Eghbariah, “Organized Violence and Organized Abandonment,” 2.
99.Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence.”
100.Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Perry, Black Women.
101.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
102.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Rios, Punished; Bruch and Soss, “Schooling as a Formative Political Experience”; Cramer and Toff, “Fact of Experience.”
103.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City.
104.Hackworth, Neoliberal City; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Harcourt, Illusion of Order.
105.Hackworth, Neoliberal City. Location 2853.
106.Hackworth, Neoliberal City; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster.
107.Washington, “Narrowing the Digital Divide.”
108.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference, 75.
109.Hackworth, Neoliberal City; Spence, Knocking the Hustle.
110.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference.
111.Young, 75.
112.Young, 75.
113.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking.”
114.Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Dawson, Black Visions; Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy.
115.Soss, Unwanted Claims.
116.Soss; Soss, “Lessons of Welfare”; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
117.Soss, Unwanted Claims.
118.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
119.Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
120.Levenstein.
121.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
122.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
123.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, New Welfare Bureaucrats; Venkatesh, American Project; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
124.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
125.R. Williams.
126.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Roberts, Killing the Black Body; Katznelson, City Trenches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
127.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
128.Gay, “Moving to Opportunity.”
129.Sinclair, Social Citizen.
130.Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government.”
131.Huckfeldt, Politics in Context.
132.Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses.”
133.Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
134.Perry, Black Women; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
135.Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; M. Mitchell et al., Black Women in Politics; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Burack, Healing Identities; N. Brown, Sisters in the Statehouse; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Foreman, Activist Sentiments; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street.
136.N. Brown, Sisters in the Statehouse; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, “Black Ethnography”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
137.Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; G. King et al., “Enhancing the Validity”; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “Beyond the Side Eye”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Simien, “Gender Differences”; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Junn et al., “What Revolution?”; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Richie, Arrested Justice.
138.M. Mitchell et al., Black Women in Politics; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Jordan-Zachery, “Beyond the Side Eye”; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Simien, “Gender Differences”; Junn et al., “What Revolution?”; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Richie, Arrested Justice; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance.”
139.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Michener, “Policy Feedback in a Racialized Polity”; Michener, “People, Places, Power”; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Dawson, Black Visions; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; M. Mitchell et al., Black Women in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; N. Brown, “Political Participation”; N. Brown and Young, “Ratchet Politics”; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center.”
140.Hayward, How Americans Make Race.
141.Yin, Case Study Research Design and Methods Fourth Edition, 18.
142.Stake, Art of Case Study Research, xi.
143.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
144.Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, Voice and Equality.
145.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Soss, Unwanted Claims.
146.Hackworth, Neoliberal City; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
147.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
CHAPTER 4
1.Harcourt, Illusion of Order.
2.Michener, “Neighborhood Disorder and Local Participation”; Harcourt, Illusion of Order.
3.Miller, Getting Played; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences”; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge.”
4.Michener, “Policy Feedback in a Racialized Polity”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government.” For more on “street-level bureaucrats,” see Michael Lipsky, Street-level Bureaucracy.
5.McRoberts, “Beyond Mysterium Tremendum”; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, “Black Ethnography”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; K. Mitchell, Living with Lynching.
6.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds, 6.
7.McKittrick.
8.Perry, Black Women; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Thurston, “Black Lives Matter”; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Goetz, New Deal Ruins; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Chaskin et al., “Public Housing Transformation.”
9.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds, xiii.
10.Staples, “Death of the Black Utopia”; Pfeiffer, “Displacement through Discourse”; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; K. Williams, They Left Great Marks.
11.Rios, Punished; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought.”
12.hooks, Sisters of the Yam.
13.Alex-Assensoh, “Race, Concentrated Poverty”; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences.”
14.Venkatesh, American Project; Ralph, Renegade Dreams; Garcia, Taylor, and Lawton, “Impacts of Violent Crime.”
15.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition.”
16.Baron, What Is Gautreaux?; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux.
17.Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster.
18.Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks”; Chase, “Public Housing Residents”; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes.”
19.Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; Brinson, “Altgeld Gardens Lawsuit Settlement”; Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island.”
20.Venkatesh, American Project; Rios, Punished; Ralph, Renegade Dreams.
21.Le Mignot, “4 Dead, 2 Wounded.”
22.Ralph, Renegade Dreams.
23.Cohen, Democracy Remixed.
24.Kelley, Race Rebels; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Hanchard, Party/Politics.
25.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness, 64.
26.Cohen.
27.Cohen, 64.
28.Cohen; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics”; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below.”
29.Cohen, Democracy Remixed, 196.
30.Richie, Arrested Justice; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Bunyasi and Smith, “Do All Black Lives Matter Equally?”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Gurusami, “Motherwork under the State”; Roberts, Killing the Black Body; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; INCITE!, Color of Violence; Feimster, Southern Horrors; Collins, “On Violence, Intersectionality and Transversal Politics”; McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street.
31.Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Richie, Arrested Justice.
32.Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference; Cohen, Democracy Remixed.
33.Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen.
34.Harris-Perry; Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference; F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics”; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere”; Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; “Combahee River Collective Statement”; Alexander-Floyd, “Radical Black Feminism.”
35.Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics.”
36.F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics”; P. J. Harris, “Gatekeeping and Remaking”; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Dawson, Behind the Mule; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Gurusami, “Motherwork under the State”; Roberts, Killing the Black Body; H. Hansen, Bourgois, and Drucker, “Pathologizing Poverty”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere.”
37.Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Hancock, Politics of Disgust.
38.Cohen, Democracy Remixed.
39.Chicago Talks, “Occupy the Hood Strikes Back.”
40.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space.”
41.Gotham and Brumley.
42.Gotham and Brumley.
43.Cudd, Analyzing Oppression; Scholz, “Empowering Resistance.”
44.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space.”
45.Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!
46.McRoberts, “Beyond Mysterium Tremendum,” 199.
47.McRoberts.
48.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking.”
49.Isoke, 119.
50.McRoberts, “Beyond Mysterium Tremendum,” 199.
51.McRoberts.
52.Grotto, Cohen, and Olkon, “Public Housing’s Island”; Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks.”
53.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Black Ethnography”; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
54.Jackson, Islam and the Blackamerican.
55.Gay, “Moving to Opportunity.”
56.Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks.”
57.De Souza Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, Moving to Opportunity; Popkin, Levy, et al., “HOPE VI Program”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?
58.De Souza Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, Moving to Opportunity; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Comey, Popkin, and Franks, “MTO.”
59.L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Popkin, Levy, et al., “HOPE VI Program.”
60.Popkin, No Simple Solutions.
61.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux.
62.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
63.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, xix–xx.
64.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space.”
65.CHA, “Plan for Transformation”; Popkin, Rich, et al., “Public Housing Transformation and Crime”; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance.”
66.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy; Watkins-Hayes, New Welfare Bureaucrats.
67.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy; Watkins-Hayes, New Welfare Bureaucrats; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance.
68.Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Loyd and Bonds, “Where Do Black Lives Matter?”; Roberts, Killing the Black Body; Gurusami, “Motherwork under the State”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust.
69.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking.”
70.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Butler, “Quiltmaking among African-American Women.”
71.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Rios, Punished; Roberts, Killing the Black Body.
72.Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Roberts, Killing the Black Body; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; H. Hansen, Bourgois, and Drucker, “Pathologizing Poverty.”
73.Popkin, No Simple Solutions.
74.Popkin; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Coffey et al., “Poisonous Homes”; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks”; Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens.”
75.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, review of Suffering Will Not Be Televised and Behind the Mask; Isoke, “Black Ethnography”; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House.
76.Moffett-Bateau, “I Can’t Vote.”
77.Wilson Gilmore, “Organized Abandonment and Organized Violence”; Tanous and Eghbariah, “Organized Violence and Organized Abandonment”; Ralph, Renegade Dreams; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Hackworth, Neoliberal City.
78.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics.”
79.Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition.”
80.Hanchard.
81.Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty.”
82.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds, xiv.
83.McKittrick; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Perry, Black Women; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference”; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Trounstine, Segregation by Design.
84.Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference”; Morenoff, Sampson, and Raudenbush, “Neighborhood Inequality”; Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls, “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime”; Sampson, Great American City.
85.Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Krivo, Peterson, and Kuhl, “Segregation, Racial Structure”; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Massey and Kanaiapuni, “Public Housing”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space.”
CHAPTER 5
1.D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women.
2.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Sampson, Great American City.
3.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics, 11.
4.Reingold, “Public Housing, Home Ownership”; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; de Souza Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, Moving to Opportunity; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
5.Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Perry, Black Women; Kelley, Race Rebels; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; INCITE!, Color of Violence; Ritchie, Invisible No More; Richie, Arrested Justice; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness.
6.Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; Goetz, New Deal Ruins; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster.
7.Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Comey, Popkin, and Franks, “MTO”; Popkin, Levy, et al., “HOPE VI Program”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity.”
8.Moffett-Bateau, “I Can’t Vote.”
9.Moffett-Bateau; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux.
10.Frasure-Yokley, Masuoka, and Barreto, “Introduction to Dialogues”; Simien, “Race, Gender, and Linked Fate”; Gershon et al., “Intersectional Linked Fate”; Dawson, Behind the Mule.
11.Venkatesh, American Project; Rios, Punished; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below.”
12.Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Sampson, Great American City.
13.Sinclair, Social Citizen; Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, Voice and Equality; Morenoff, Sampson, and Raudenbush, “Neighborhood Inequality”; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Mettler and Soss, “Consequences of Public Policy”; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; Soss, “Classes, Races, and Marginalized Places.”
14.De Souza Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, Moving to Opportunity; Comey, Popkin, and Franks, “MTO”; Popkin, Rich, et al., “Public Housing Transformation and Crime.”
15.Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Popkin, Levy, et al., “HOPE VI Program”; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Roberts, Killing the Black Body; H. Hansen, Bourgois, and Drucker, “Pathologizing Poverty”; L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Rios, Punished; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; Western, Punishment and Inequality in America; Soss, “Lessons of Welfare.”
16.Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise.
17.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy.
18.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens.”
19.Hayward, How Americans Make Race; hooks, Belonging; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; K. Mitchell, From Slave Cabins to the White House; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Mansfield, Dwelling in Possibility; Chen, Dulani, and Piepzna-Samarasinha, Revolution Starts at Home; Reingold, “Public Housing, Home Ownership”; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context.
20.Warren, “Voting with Your Feet”; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Huckfeldt, “Variable Responses”; Sampson, Great American City.
21.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Naples, Grassroots Warriors.
22.Eli Day, “The Number of Homeless People in America Increased for the First Time in 7 Years,” Mother Jones, December 21, 2017, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/12/the-number-of-homeless-people-in-america-increased-for-the-first-time-in-7-years/.
23.Chad Yoder and Jonathon Berlin, “Who Are the Homeless Being Displaced from Lower Wacker? Annual Census Gives an Idea,” Chicago Tribune, June 15, 2018, http://www.chicagotribune.com/ct-chicago-homeless-count-charts-htmlstory.html.
24.Popkin, No Simple Solutions.
25.CHA, Plan for Transformation, Year 3.
26.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Goetz, New Deal Ruins; de Souza Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, Moving to Opportunity; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Comey, Popkin, and Franks, “MTO”; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise.
27.Polikoff, Waiting for Gautreaux; White and Hall, “Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks”; Hudson, “Altgeld Gardens.”
28.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
29.Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty.”
30.Cohen and Dawson, 290, 297.
31.Cohen and Dawson, 293.
32.Cohen and Dawson; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Sampson, Great American City; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
33.Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space.”
34.Cudd, Analyzing Oppression; Scholz, “Empowering Resistance.”
35.Mansfield, Dwelling in Possibility. Location 99.
36.McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference”; Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Sampson, Great American City; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Bolland and Moehle McCallum, “Neighboring and Community Mobilization”; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Moffett-Bateau, “Strategies of Resistance”; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; C. Wong, Boundaries of Obligation.
37.Sampson, Great American City.
38.Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Hayward; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context.
39.Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Trounstine, Segregation by Design.
40.Cudd, Analyzing Oppression; Scholz, “Empowering Resistance.”
41.For more on the “politics of homemaking,” see Zenzele Isoke, Urban Black Women.
42.Mettler and Soss, “Consequences of Public Policy”; Michener, “Policy Feedback in a Racialized Polity”; Michener, “Medicaid and the Policy Feedback Foundations.”
43.C. Jones, “End to the Neglect”; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center”; Roth, Separate Roads to Feminism; James and Guy-Sheftall, Seeking the Beloved Community; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; hooks, Feminist Theory; James, Shadowboxing; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Carruthers, Unapologetic; D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness”; Burack, Healing Identities; Pateman, “Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy”; Moraga and Anzaldúa, This Bridge Called My Back; Hull, Bell Scott, and Smith, But Some of Us Are Brave.
44.L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Michener and Brower, “What’s Policy Got to Do with It?”; Soss, “Classes, Races, and Marginalized Places”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Sampson, Great American City.
45.Burch, “Neighborhood Effects of Incarceration.”
46.Soss, “Lessons of Welfare,” 364.
47.Soss, Unwanted Claims.
48.Soss, “Lessons of Welfare,” 366.
49.Soss, Unwanted Claims.
50.Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship, 12.
51.Lerman and Weaver, 13.
52.Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy.
53.Hayward, How Americans Make Race. Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice, trans. Richard Nice, 1st ed., Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology 16 (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1977), https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812507.
54.Hayward, 38; Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice.
55.Hayward; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Venkatesh, American Project; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Sampson, Great American City; Gay, “Putting Race in Context.”
56.Hayward, How Americans Make Race; McKittrick, Demonic Grounds; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
57.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
58.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Sinclair, “Social Citizen”; Morenoff, Sampson, and Raudenbush, “Neighborhood Inequality”; Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, Voice and Equality.
59.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Rios, Punished; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences.”
60.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below.”
61.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens.”
62.Brison, Aftermath.
63.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise.
64.Robnett, How Long?
65.Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Masuoka and Junn, Politics of Belonging; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Dawson, Behind the Mule; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Perry, Black Women; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
66.Pattillo, Black on the Block.
67.Josh Eidelson and Sarah Jaffe, “Belabored Podcast, Episode 1: ‘We Will Shut Down Your City,” Dissent Magazine, April 12, 2013.
68.Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, Voice and Equality.
69.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City.
70.Sinclair, Social Citizen.
71.Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty.”
72.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness.
73.Sampson, Wilson, and Katz, “Reassessing”; Krivo, Peterson, and Kuhl, “Segregation, Racial Structure”; Bolland and Moehle McCallum, “Neighboring and Community Mobilization”; Tanous and Eghbariah, “Organized Violence and Organized Abandonment”; K. Brown and Weil, “Strangers in the Neighborhood.”
74.Bateson, “Crime Victimization and Political Participation”; Stucky, “Local Politics and Violent Crime.”
75.Frazer, “Marry Wollstonecraft on Politics and Friendship”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
76.Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; Michener, Fragmented Democracy; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Fording, Soss, and Schram, “Race and the Local Politics”; Mettler and Soss, “Consequences of Public Policy”; Popkin, Rich, et al., “Public Housing Transformation and Crime”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity.”
CHAPTER 6
1.Moraga and Anzaldúa, This Bridge Called My Back; Hull, Bell Scott, and Smith, But Some of Us Are Brave; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Collins, From Black Power to Hip Hop; Collins, “Truth-Telling and Intellectual Activism”; Roth, “Making of the Vanguard Center”; D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness”; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; James, Shadowboxing; Burack, Healing Identities.
2.Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins”; Collins, “On Violence, Intersectionality and Transversal Politics”; Junn et al., “What Revolution?”; Collins, Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Davis, Women, Race and Class; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
3.James, Shadowboxing; James and Guy-Sheftall, Seeking the Beloved Community.
4.James, Shadowboxing, 30.
5.James; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
6.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
7.Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; F. Harris, “Rise of Respectability Politics”; Bunyasi and Smith, “Do All Black Lives Matter Equally?”; P. J. Harris, “Gatekeeping and Remaking”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing. For more on intersectional stigma, see Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
8.Isoke, Urban Black Women; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
9.Dawson, Behind the Mule; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Harris-Perry, Sister Citizen; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Hanchard, Party/Politics.
10.Davis, Women, Race and Class; D. King, “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness”; Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins”; Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Dawson, Behind the Mule; Dawson, Black Visions; Cohen, Boundaries of Blackness; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen, Democracy Remixed; Bobo and Hutchings, “Perceptions of Racial Group Competition”; Gay and Tate, “Doubly Bound”; Haynie and Tate, “From Protest to Politics”; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Alexander-Floyd, “Radical Black Feminism”; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship; Michener, Fragmented Democracy; Francis, Civil Rights; Greer, Black Ethnics; N. Brown, Sisters in the Statehouse; Carter and Willoughby-Herard, “What Kind of Mother Is She?”; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Collins, Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory; James and Guy-Sheftall, Seeking the Beloved Community; James, Shadowboxing.
11.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Reingold, “Public Housing, Home Ownership”; Pfeiffer, “Displacement through Discourse”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Fuerst and Hunt, When Public Housing Was Paradise; L. Bennett, Smith, and Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live?; Massey and Kanaiapuni, “Public Housing”; Popkin, No Simple Solutions; Goetz, New Deal Ruins; Hunt, Blueprint for Disaster; Davenport, “Public Accountability and Political Participation”; Gay, “Moving to Opportunity”; Michener, “Neighborhood Disorder and Local Participation”; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below”; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; Venkatesh, American Project.
12.Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Squires, “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere”; Eliasoph, “Evaporation of Politics.”
13.Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government”; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below.”
14.Hanchard, Party/Politics.
15.Soss, Unwanted Claims.
16.Cudd, Analyzing Oppression.
17.Roberts, Killing the Black Body; Roberts, Shattered Bonds.
18.Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference; Naples, Grassroots Warriors.
19.Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Isoke, review of Suffering Will Not Be Televised and Behind the Mask; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Black Ethnography.”
20.Isoke, Urban Black Women, 2.
21.Isoke; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Jordan-Zachery, “Beyond the Side Eye.”
22.Isoke, Urban Black Women; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Robnett, How Long?; Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Gallagher, Black Women and Politics; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics.
23.Perry, Black Women, 20.
24.Isoke, Urban Black Women.
25.Isoke; Isoke, “Politics of Homemaking.”
26.T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name.
27.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood.
28.Naples, Grassroots Warriors, 179.
29.Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help.”
30.Berger, Workable Sisterhood, 8.
31.Spence, Knocking the Hustle; Hackworth, Neoliberal City. For more on the concept of “human capital,” see Spence, Knocking the Hustle.
32.Naples, Grassroots Warriors, 3.
33.Berger, Workable Sisterhood, 12.
34.Perry, Black Women; Harris-Lacewell, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
35.T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name, 16–17.
36.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help.”
37.Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought.”
38.Hanchard, 523.
39.Hanchard.
40.Hanchard, 519.
41.Perry, Black Women, 15–16.
42.Perry, 15–16.
43.Dawson, Behind the Mule; Dawson, Black Visions.
44.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics, 134.
45.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!
46.Hanchard, Party/Politics; Kelley, Race Rebels, 29.
47.Hanchard, Party/Politics; Hanchard, “Acts of Misrecognition”; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Black Public Sphere Collective, Black Public Sphere; Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Dawson, Black Visions; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; Perry, Black Women; D. Wong, “Shop Talk”; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic.
48.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Levenstein, Movement without Marches; Gold, When Tenants Claimed the City; McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street; Theoharris, Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks; Feimster, Southern Horrors; Su, Streetwise for Book Smarts; Rios, Punished; Venkatesh, American Project; Ralph, Renegade Dreams; Desmond and Travis, “Political Consequences.”
49.Kelley, Race Rebels; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic; Schneider, Police Power and Race Riots; Rios, Punished; Ralph, Renegade Dreams; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Eliasoph, Avoiding Politics; Guy-Sheftall, Words of Fire; Lorde, “Keynote Address.”
50.Stolle, Hooghe, and Micheletti, “Politics in the Supermarket”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance.
51.Micheletti, Follesdal, and Stolle, Politics, Products, and Markets; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels.
52.Cohen, “Deviance as Resistance”; Hanchard, “Contours of Black Political Thought”; Kelley, Race Rebels; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
53.Kelley, Race Rebels, 4.
54.Kelley; Junn, “Participation in Liberal Democracy”; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics.
55.Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
56.Isoke, Urban Black Women, 1.
57.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; D. Harris, Black Feminist Politics; Prestage, “In Quest of African American Political Woman”; N. Brown and Young, “Ratchet Politics”; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
58.Simien, Black Feminist Voices in Politics; Jordan-Zachery and Alexander-Floyd, Black Women in Politics; Alexander-Floyd, “Why Political Scientists”; Jordan-Zachery, “I Ain’t Your Darn Help.”
59.Julia S. Jordan-Zachery and Nikol G. Alexander-Floyd, “Black Women’s Political Labor: An Introduction,” in Black Women in Politics: Demanding Citizenship, Challenging Power, and Seeking Justice, ed. Julia S. Jordan-Zachery and Nikol G. Alexander-Floyd, SUNY Series in African American Studies, SUNY Series in New Political Science (Albany: SUNY Press, 2018), https://sunypress.edu/Books/B/Black-Women-in-Politics2.
60.Kelley, Race Rebels; Hanchard, Party/Politics.
61.Hanchard, Party/Politics.
62.J. Hansen, “Mobilization, Participation, and Political Change.”
63.Wolfinger and Rosenstone, Who Votes?
64.Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance; Kelley, Race Rebels; Kelley, Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Isoke, Urban Black Women; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing; T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Perry, Black Women.
65.Michener, Fragmented Democracy.
66.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing, 14.
67.Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Hancock, Politics of Disgust; Cohen, “Punks, Bulldaggers and Welfare Queens”; Soss, Unwanted Claims; Soss, “Lessons of Welfare”; A. L. Campbell, How Policies Make Citizens; Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
68.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
69.Levenstein, Movement without Marches.
70.R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing, 14.
71.Williams, 6.
72.Levenstein, Movement without Marches; R. Williams, Politics of Public Housing.
73.Masuoka and Junn, Politics of Belonging.
74.Soss, Unwanted Claims.
75.Soss and Weaver, “Police Are Our Government”; Weaver, Prowse, and Piston, “Too Much Knowledge”; Lerman and Weaver, Arresting Citizenship; Prowse, Weaver, and Meares, “State from Below.”
76.T. Williamson, Scandalize My Name; Isoke, Urban Black Women.
77.Davis, Women, Race and Class; Collins, Black Feminist Thought; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life.
78.Naples, Grassroots Warriors; Berger, Workable Sisterhood; Watkins-Hayes, Remaking a Life; Feldman and Stall, Dignity of Resistance; Perry, Black Women.
79.J. Hansen, “Mobilization, Participation, and Political Change.”
80.Michener, Fragmented Democracy, 32.
81.Michener, 32.
82.Michener; Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy; Watkins-Hayes, New Welfare Bureaucrats; Soss, Unwanted Claims.
83.Huckfeldt, Politics in Context; Gay, “Putting Race in Context”; Alex-Assensoh and Assensoh, “Inner-City Contexts”; Spence and McClerking, “Context, Black Empowerment”; Gotham and Brumley, “Using Space”; Hayward, How Americans Make Race; McCurn, “Surviving the Grind”; Michener, Fragmented Democracy; Sampson, Great American City; Michener, “Neighborhood Disorder and Local Participation”; Cohen and Dawson, “Neighborhood Poverty”; Burch, Trading Democracy for Justice; Bolland and Moehle McCallum, “Neighboring and Community Mobilization”; Morenoff, Sampson, and Raudenbush, “Neighborhood Inequality”; Kang and Kwak, “Multilevel Approach to Civic Participation”; Peterson, Krivo, and Hagan, Divergent Social Worlds; Krivo, Peterson, and Kuhl, “Segregation, Racial Structure”; Trounstine, Segregation by Design; Rios, Punished.
84.Andrew Mercer et al., “Why 2016 Election Polls Missed the Mark,” Fact Tank: News in the Numbers, November 9, 2016, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/09/why-2016-election-polls-missed-their-mark/.
85.Cohen, Democracy Remixed.
86.Dawson, Black Visions.
87.Hanchard, Party/Politics.
88.James and Guy-Sheftall, Seeking the Beloved Community; Iton, In Search of the Black Fantastic.