INDEX

“911,” 114

Aas-Rouxparis, Nicole, 70–71

Accra, Ghana, 20–23

Achebe, Chinua: Things Fall Apart, 25; transposition, 3

adinkra symbols, 22

Adorno, Theodor, 62

Agawu, Kofi, 5, 7, 9, 141–42

Akan language. See Twi language

Allah is Not Obliged. See Allah n'est pas obligé

Allah n'est pas obligé, 53–55

Amoa, Urbain, 35, 141–42

Ancelet, Barry, 89–90

Anderson, Benedict, 84

antillaneté, 148–49

antiphony, 82–83; 100–101

Anyahuru, Israel, 145

Appel des arènes, L', 4, 13, 16–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 112, 173; bàkk in, 125, 128–38; griots in, 131, 138; journeys and, 114–15, 119–21, 124–39, 219; localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic, 8, 114–15, 119–21, 124–39, 217–21; marriage in, 132; onomatopoeia in, 132–35; relationality and, 114–15, 119–21, 124–39, 156–59, 217–21; tree as metaphor in, 156–59; wrestling in 119–20, 125–38

Appiah, Armstrong, 22

Arabic language, 2, 71

Armah, Ayi Kwei, 11

“Armée française,” 63–64

Arom, Simha, 12

Au nom de ma patrie: Le people pris en otage, 65

Awadi, Didier, 64

Bâ, Mariama, 1, 3, 135

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 33, 122–23, 175, 210–12

bàkk, 8, 125, 128–38

balafon, 11–12

Bambara language, 2, 6, 7–8, 67, 71–73, 78, 83

bara, 8, 71–72, 92, 98–102

Barthes, Roland, 27

Baumann, Richard, 175

Beautyful Ones are Not Yet Born, The, 11

Bebey, Francis, 7

bèlè. See tambour bèlè

Bemba, Sylvain, 52

bendré tam-tam, 31, 142

bendrologie. See bendrology

bendrology, 31–35, 56, 86, 88, 142, 201

Benjamin, Walter, 171

Berger, Harris M., 62

Bernabé, Jean, 48, 161, 166, 185–186

Bérouard, Michel, 57

Berrian, Brenda F., 13

Between Two Worlds. See Ti Jean L'horizon

Bhabha, Homi, 85

Bideew Bou Bess, 114

biguine, 179

Bilby, Kenneth M., 40

binary cateogories: deconstruction of, 5, 16, 28–29, 31, 33, 35, 47–49, 73–74, 84–85, 91, 111, 121–22, 218;

“Birima,” 114

Black Atlantic, the, 14, 16, 47–48, 115, 152–55

Blacking, John, 9–10

Blérald-Ndagano, Monique, 194

Bleu, Jacob. See Jacobleu

Blondy, Alpha, 63–64

Blou, Léna, 41

Boigny, Houphouët, 70

Bokiba, André-Patient, 51–52

Bongie, Chris, 169

Boni, Tanela, 65

Borgamano, Madeline, 77, 119

Born, Georgina, 62

Boulez, Pierre, 29–30

Bouraoui, Hédi, 73–74, 84–85

Bouts de bois de Dieu, Les : 4, 13, 15, 17–19; 23–24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 173; antiphony in, 100–101; background information about, 65–66 ; bara in, 8, 71–72, 92, 98–102; devinettes in, 80; drums and drumming and, 86, 91–96, 98–102, 108–10; griot traditions, 7, 79–83; legend of Goumba N'Diaye, 101–2; localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic, 8, 71–73, 79–83, 85–86, 91–102, 108–10, 217–21; mortars and pestles in, 96–98, 108–10; musical instruments in, 86, 91–102, 108–10; reappropriation and, 65–67, 71–73, 79–83, 85–86, 91–102, 108–10, 219; relationality and, 8, 71–73, 79–83, 85–86, 91–102, 108–10, 217–21; repetition and, 81–83, 100–102; social activism and 65–67, 71–73, 79–83, 85–86, 91–102, 108–10, 219; women's march in, 93–94, 100–101, 108–10

Bow and the Lyre, The, 55–56

Breath, Eyes, Memory, 11

Bridge of Beyond, The. See Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle

Briggs, Charles L., 175

Briggs, Philip, 22

Brown, E. K., 24

Cadasse, David, 161

Cahier d'un retour au pays natal, 162, 177

Cage, John, 10

Cailler, Bernadette, 119

call and response. See antiphony

Call of the Arenas, The. See Appel des arènes, L'

cannibalism, literary, 175–76

carnivalesque, 210–12

Carrol, Michael Thomas, 62

Casamayor, Odette, 154

Case, Frederick Ivor, 85

Cazenave, Odile, 137

ceddo. See tiado

Césaire, Aimé, 13, 148–49, 162, 176–78

Chailley, Jacques, 24

Chalumeau, Fortuné, 116

Chamoiseau, Patrick: 4, 17–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61; bibliographical information, 166; biographical information, 166; Caribbean identity and, 185–87 ; chamoisification, 164, 175; Creole Folktales, 117; Écrire au pays dominé, 177, 186, 196–97; écrire-lire, 197; Éloge de la créolité, 48, 161, 166, 172, 177, 185–86; francophonie and, 57, 90, 185–87, 212–13; intertextual references to, 175; Solibo Magnifique, 160, 163–7, 170–72, 176–78, 180–82, 184–85, 187–89, 192–203, 210–221; Quand les murs tombent : L'identité nationale hors-la-loi ?, 177–78, 186–67

Chaudière, Anse, 207

chéchia soldiers, 93

child soldiers, 53–55

Chirac, Jacques, 64

Chivallon, Christine, 155–56

Cissé, Madjiguène, 132

clarinet, 11

Clermont, Thierry, 154

Clifford, James, 42

Cogdell DjeDje, Jacqueline, 6

Condé, Maryse : 4, 17–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61; bibliographical information, 167 ; biographical information, 166; cannibalism and, 175–76 ; Caribbean identity and, 185–87 ; francophonie and, 46–47, 57, 90, 185–87, 208–9, 212; Traversée de la mangrove, 160, 163, 167–68, 170–73, 175–76, 178–80, 187–92, 202–9, 211, 215–21

Confiant, Raphaël, 48, 116, 161, 166, 185–86

Constant, Isabelle, 117–18, 146

Constitution: of Côte d'Ivoire, 44; of Senegal, 2;

Cooper, G. Burns, 10

Corneille, 64

Corzani, Jacques, 178

Creole Folktales, 117

Creole language, 8–9, 29, 46–48, 57, 116–19, 160–66, 175–82, 185–87, 189–213

creoleness. See créolité

créolité, 48, 160–62, 177, 185–86

creolization, 40–42, 154, 168–70, 177

Critique du rythme, 26

Crossing the Mangrove; See Traversée de la mangrove

Crosta, Suzanne, 136

culture, definitions and problematizations of, 42–43

Daara J, 114

Damas, Léon, 12, 148–49, 176

dance: communicative functions of, 134; dance of the handkerchiefs in Ti Jean L'horizon, 145–47; dance of the hunters in Les soleils des indépendances, 106–7, relationality and, 41, 106–7, 134, 145–47, 179–81, social functions, 41, 106–7, 134, 145–47, 179–81, Solibo Magnifique in, 180–81; Traversée de la mangrove in, 179–80

Danticat, Edwidge, 11

David, Craig, 112–14

De Souza, Pascale, 155, 185

Delas, D., 24

Deleuze, Gilles, 14, 16, 48–49, 115, 152–53

Derrida, Jacques, 88–90, 121–24

Desroches, Monique, 195

Dessons, Gérard, 123–24

Detroit, Michigan, 111–12

devinettes: African, 80; Bouts de bois de Dieu, in, 80 ; Caribbean, 171 ; Solibo Magnifique, in, 171

dialgaty, 114

Dialogic Imagination, The, 33, 122–23

dialogism, in the novel, 33, 115, 122–23

Diaw, Aminata, 64–65

Diop, David, 12

Diouf, Soda, 113–14

Dioula language, 6. 67

dioung dioung, 134–35

Dracius, Suzanne, 89–90

drum languages: Caribbean in, 57–58, 140–52, 162–63, 182, 192–201; 205, 214–16; mortars and pestles as, 96–98, 143–47; trancriptions of, 194–201; West Africa in, 56–58, 86, 92, 93–99, 121–22, 140–52, 200–201;

drummed literature. See instrumental literature

drummologie. See drummology

drummology, 34–36, 56, 86, 201

drums and drumming: celebration, and, 100–111; change, as signals of, 55–56, 98–111, 149–52; characterizations of, 17–18, 29, 50–58, 85–88, 91–96, 98–111, 119–20, 124–52, 158–59, 162–63, 192–202, 205, 213–15; communicative mechanisms as, 35, 55–58, 85–88, 91–111, 140–52, 162–63, 192–202, 205; defunctionalization of, 39–40; folklore about, 35–36, 149–52; magicospiritual associations and, 36, 134–35, 149–52, 201; mortars and pestles as, 91, 96–98, 108–10, 143–47; reference as, 124–52, 158–59; relationality and, 38–41, 50–55, 85–88, 91–111, 119–20, 124–52, 158–59, 162–63, 192–202, 205, 231–15; social functions, 37–38, 91–111, 124–52, 162–63, 192–202, 205, 213–15; storytelling traditions and, 192–202; transcriptions of, 194–202; transpoetic mechanisms as, 33, 38–41, 50–55, 85–88, 91–111, 119–20, 124–52, 158–59, 162–63, 192–202, 205, 231–15; women as drummers, 37; wrestling and popular sport, and, 119–20, 124–38

Écrire en pays dominé, 177, 186

écriture, 89–90, 121–24

Edensor, Tim, 135–36

Éditions du Seuil, publication history and, 66

Effa, Gaston-Paul, 59

Égea-Kuehne, Denise, 89–90

Éléments de rythmanalyse, 10–11, 25–26, 110

Éloge de la créolité, 48, 161, 177

Enel, Catherine, 2

Erlam, Rosemary, 191

Eve, 114

excision, 103–4, 106

Fall, Natou, 2–3, 6

Fakoly, Tiken Jah, 63

Fampou, François, 50–51, 56, 87–88,

Fatou, Ndeye, 2, 5–7

Finnegan, Ruth, 34

folklore: African, 7, 35–36, 77–83, 101–2, 105–6, 116, 125, 128–38, 141–49, 179–80; Appel des arènes in, 125, 128–38; Bouts de bois de Dieu in, 7, 79–83, 101–2; Caribbean, 115–19, 140–52, 163–65, 176–82, 192–202, 214–16; dawa, the divine drummer, 149–52; drums and drumming about, 35–36, 149–52; Legend of Goumba N'Diaye, 101–2; Soleils des indépendances in, 7, 77–79, 81, 105–6; Solibo Magnifique, 163–65, 176–78, 181–82, 192–202, 214–16; Ti Jean L'horizon in, 115–19, 140–52; Traversée de la mangrove in, 179–80

food: Senegalese, 2, 113; Solibo Magnifique in, 200; Ti Jean L'horizon in, 143–45;

Fox, Robert, 3

francophone: Ancelet, Barry and, 89–90; Bouraoui, Hédi and, 73–74, 84–85; Chamoiseau and, 57, 90, 185–87, 212–13; Condé and, 46–47, 57, 90, 185–86, 208–9, 212; definitions of, 43–44; Dracius, Suzanne and, 89–90; francophone versus Francophone, 43–44; Glissant, and, 186–87; humanism, 84; Kourouma and, 44–46, 67, 70, 74–76, 83–85, 89–91; Maximin and, 57; problematization of 43–47, 57–59, 67–76, 83–85, 89–91, 185–87, 208, 212–13; Schwarz-Bart and, 57, 90; Sembene and, 67–74, 83–85, 90–91, 208; See also language practices and policies

francophonie. See francophone

Frith, Simon, 174

Frontiers: A Festival of Franco-British Writers on Identity (2003), 160–62

funerary traditions: Caribbean in, 189–92, 201, 204–9; Ô Pays, Mon beau peuple! in, 94–95; Soleils des indépendances in, 95–96, 106–7; Traversée de la mangrove in, 189–92, 204–9; West Africa in, 94–96, 106–7;

Gadjigo, Samba, 131, 135

Gallagher, Mary, 182–83

Gauvin, Lise, 227

Gawlo, Coumba, 114

Gaye, Mama 2, 5–7

Gbagbo, Laurent, 63–64

gewel. See griot

Gilroy, Paul, 14, 16, 47–48, 115, 152–55

Giraud, Michel, 155, 183–84

Glissant, Édouard, 14, 16, 38–41, 48–50, 84, 115, 148–49, 152–54, 166, 168–70, 174–75, 177–78, 184, 186–87

God's Bits of Wood. See Bouts de bois de Dieu, Les

Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., 44

graffiti, 162

griot: 6–7, 35–37, 77–83, 87–88, 131, 138, 141–42; women as, 138

Guadeloupe pittoresque, 178

Guattari, Félix, 14, 16, 48–49, 115, 152–53

Guelwaar, 80–81, 93–94, 96

Guesde, Dominique, 178

Guilbault, Jocelyne, 8

guitar, 11, 90

Gyasi, Kwaku A., 3

Gyssels, Kathleen, 118

gwo ka, 41, 46–47, 57, 146, 162, 192–202, 205, 213

Hanna, Judith Lynne, 145

Hannerz, Ulf, 42–43

Hazael-Massieux, Marie-Christine, 196

Heady, Margaret, 155

Heidegger, Martin, 28

Hesmondhalgh, David, 62

Higginson, Françis, 195, 202

Holquist, Michael, 123

Huntington, Julie, 152

hyphen as symbol, 168–70

In Praise of Creoleness. See Éloge de la créolité

indiginization strategies. See localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic,

infertility in Les Soleils des indépendances, 66–67, 104–5

instrumental language. See drummed language

instrumental literature, 31–35, 56–57, 86–88, 90–91, 121–22, 141–47, 162–63, 182, 192–202, 213–15, 218

instrumentaliture, 15–16, 85–88, 90–111, 121–22, 124–52, 162–63, 182, 192–202, 205, 213–16, 218

interculturalité. See interculturality

interculturality, 42–43

intertextuality, 13, 175–84, 196–97

Jackson-Lowman, Huberta, 22

Jacobleu, 65

jali. See griot

Jazz, 11

jèli. See griot

Joignot, Frédéric, 154

Julien, Eileen, 3

Kadish, Doris Y., 209

Kamanda, Kama, 35–36, 135

Kassé, Maguèye, 83

Kazi-Tani, Nora Alexandra, 3

Keil, Charles, 5

Keur Momar Sarr, Senegal, 1–3, 5–7, 112–13

Kidjo, Angelique, 64

Knepper, Wendy, 210

kora, 8, 11–12, 78, 90

Kourouma, Ahmadou : 4, 15, 17–19, 23–24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 173; Allah n'est pas obligé, 53–55; bibliographical information, 70; biographical information, 70; francophonie and, 44–46, 67, 70, 74–76, 83–85, 89–91; griot as 77; Monolinguisme de l'autre, Le, and, 89–90; repetition and, 77, 81, 95–96; Soleils des indépendances, Le, 4, 7, 13, 15, 17–19, 23–24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 65–67, 76–79, 81, 85–86, 91–92, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11, 217–21; transposition, 3, 75–77, 90

Kristeva, Julia, 175

Kubayanda, Josephat, 13

Kudoto, Antoinette, 37

Kundera, Milan, 164

LaFontaine, Marie-Celine, 189–90, 192–93

lafouka, 8, 181

Lagarde, Emmanuel, 2

language practices and policies: Côte d'Ivoire in, 44–46, 67–68, 74–75, 83, 85, 89–90; Francophonie in, 43–47, 57–59, 67–76, 83–85, 89–91, 185–87, 208, 212–13; Guadeloupe in, 8, 44, 46–47, 57, 160–63, 185–87, 208–9; Mali in, 67; Martinique in, 8, 44, 57, 89–90, 160–63, 185–87, 198–201; Senegal in 2, 5–6, 44, 67–69, 71–74, 83, 85

Larrier, Renée, 180

Laye, Camara, 77–79

Leclerc, Jacques, 6, 44–45, 67–68

lecture-écriture, 28, 58, 88, 123–24

Lefebvre, Henri, 10–11, 25–26, 32, 110

legends. See folklore

Leupp, Gary, 64

lewoz, 41, 192–200

Liberia, military conflict in, 53–55

localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic: definitions of, 8–9, 15, 44; Chamoiseau and, 8–9, 163–67, 170–72, 176–78, 180–82, 184–85, 187–89, 192–203, 210–21; Condé and, 163, 168, 170–73, 175–76, 178–80, 187–92, 202–9, 211, 215–21; Kourouma and, 74–79, 81, 85–86, 88, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 217–21; Schwarz-Bart and, 114–20, 125, 138–52, 217–21; Sembene and, 8, 71–74, 78–83, 85–86, 88, 91–102, 108–10, 217–21; Sow Fall and, 8, 114–15, 119–21, 124–39, 217–21

Lopès, Henri: transposition, 3

Louga, Senegal, 3, 112–14, 119–20

Louvel, Roland, 59–60

MC Solaar, 114

Maître de la parole, Le, 77–79

Malinké language, 2, 6–7, 12, 66–67, 74–78, 90, 103, 126

mangrove as metaphor, 168–70, 187–92, 202–3, 211

marriage : Appel des arènes in, 132; Soleils des indépendances in, 104–6, Ti Jean L'horizon in, 148

maroons, 207–8

Martin, Jean-Pierre, 28

Martin, Peter, 58

Martins, Bayo, 37–40, 56–57

Matins de couvre-feu, 65

Mattern, Mark, 62

Maximin, Daniel, 57

mazurka, 179

mbalax, 8, 114

mbira, 12

McCarthy, B. Eugene, 24–25

Melnick, Daniel C., 3

Memmi, Albert, 42–43

Merleau Ponty, Maurice, 122

Meschonnic, Henri, 26, 28, 58, 62, 88, 123–24

Message of African Drumming, 37–40, 56–57

métissage, 154

military conflict: Côte d'Ivoire in, 63–65; French involvement in, 63–65; Liberia in, 53–55; Sierra Leone in, 53–55

Miller, Christopher, 84–85

Millionnaire, Le, 113–14

Monolinguism of the Other. See Monolinguisme de l'autre, Le

Monolinguisme de l'autre, 88–90, 121–24

Morgan, Janice, 177

Morrison, Toni, 11

mortars and pestles, 91, 96–98, 106, 108–11, 143–47

mosaic identities, 172–85

Mudimbé-Boyi, Elisabeth, 148

Murdoch, H. Adlai, 155, 211

music: celebration and, 100–111; communication and, 35, 55–58, 85–88, 91–111, 140–52, 162–63, 182, 192–201, 205, 214–16; death and mourning and, 17, 94–96, 160–216; definitions of, 4–11, 14; journeys and, 16, 112–59; notation of, 13, 31; reappropriation and, 62–111; relationality and, 30, 62–111, 112–59, 160–216, 217–21; social activism and, 15, 62–111; women's traditions, 37, 64–65, 93–94, 96–98, 100–101, 108–10

musicians, West African, non-griot, 3, 36–37

Musique Danmyé-Kalennda-Bèlè de Martinique, 13, 195

N'Dour, Youssou, 64, 114

negritude, 148–49, 176–78

New York City, New York, 20–23

Ngandu Nkashama, Pius, 105–6

Ngom, Mbangnick, 2

Niang, Sada, 68–69, 128–29, 133

Niangoran-Bouah, Georges, 34–37, 56, 86, 201

Nketia, J. H. Kwabena, 12, 56, 86

Nuit des griots, La, 35–36, 135

Nzabatsinda, Anthère, 79, 85

N'Zengou-Tayo, Marie-José, 164, 211

Nzewi, Meki, 145

Ô pays, mon beau peuple!, 94–96

Ohiaraumunna, Tom, 145

onomatopoeia, 13, 96, 132–35, 194–201, 215

oraliture, characterizations of, 16, 34, 86–87, 90–91, 200, 218

orchestration, 121–22

Ouédraogo, Albert, 34–35

Ouédraogo, Jean, 65, 77

Outtara, Aboubakar, 85

Pacere, Titinga Frédéric, 31–35, 37, 56, 86, 88, 142, 201

Paz, Octavio, 55–56

Penser la musique aujourd'hui, 29–30

Pépin, Ernest, 116, 160–62

performance literature. See instrumentaliture or instrumental literature

Perret, Delphine, 185, 192

Perse, Saint-John, 175

Petrelli, Susan, 86–87

Pineau, Gisèle, 116

Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle, 52–53, 55

Plumery, Pierre, 27–28

Poetics of Relation. See Poétique de la Relation

Poétique de la Relation, 38–41, 48–50, 186

Poissonnier, Ariane, 64

polyphony, 12–13, 71–72, 108–9, 114–15, 122–23, 126, 135, 175, 182–84, 188

polyrhythm, 12–13, 29, 71–72, 100

Ponzo, Augusto, 86–87

popular sport, social functions of, 135–36

Porra, Véronique, 161

Positive Black Soul, 114

post-modern Africa, 59–60

Pratt, Ray, 62

Presses de l'Université de Montréal, Les, publication history and, 66

Price, Richard, 207

print capitalism, 85

print colonialism, 84–85

proverbs: African, 22–23, 70, 78–79, 83, 141; American, 22; Bouts de bois de Dieu in, 78–79; disappearing heritage, 83; drumming and, 141; Kourouma and, 70

Pular language, 2, 6, 68, 132

Quand les murs tombent : L'identité nationale hors-la-loi ?, 177–78, 186

Rabelais and His World, 210

reading ear, 26–28

reading experience of music, 173–74, 183–84

reading-writing. See lecture-écriture

Redding, Otis, 181

Relation, the, 14, 16, 38–41, 48–50, 84, 115, 152–54

Return to My Native Land. See Cahier d'un retour au pays natal

rhizome, the, 14, 16, 48–49, 115, 152–53

rhythm: celebration and, 100–111; communication and, 35, 55–58, 85–88, 91–111, 140–52, 162–63, 182, 192–201, 205, 214–16; death and mourning and, 17, 94–96, 160–216; definitions of,4–11, 14, 20–21, 25–26, 60–61; journeys and, 16, 112–59; location and, 20–23; novel in the, 24–25; reappropriation and, 62–111; relationality and, 30, 62–111, 112–59, 160–216, 217–21; social activism and, 15, 62–111; women's traditions, 37, 64–65, 93–94, 96–98, 100–101, 108–10

Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time, and Everyday Life. See Éléments de rythmanalyse

riddles. See devinettes

Ridehalgh, Anna, 83

Rowe, John Carlos, 42

rural radio in Senegal, 2

Sangaré, Oumou, 64

Saussure, Ferdinand de, 27

Schwarz-Bart, André, 116

Schwarz-Bart, Simone, 4, 16–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 173; bibliographical information, 116; biographical information, 116; francophonie and, 57, 90; négritude, critique of, 148–49; Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle, 52–53, 55; rootsrevision model, 152–56, 158–59; Ti Jean L'horizon, 114–20, 125, 138–56, 158–59, 217–21

Sebeok, Donna Umiker, 86

Sebeok, Thomas, 86

Seeger, Anthony, 203

Seeger, Charles, 31

Sembene, Ousmane: 1, 3–4, 15, 17–19, 23–24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 173; bibliographical information, 69–70; biographical information, 69–70; Bouts de bois de Dieu, 4, 13, 15, 17–19, 23–24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 65–67, 71–74, 78–83, 85–86, 88, 91–102, 108–10, 217–21; francophonie and, 67–74, 84–85, 90–91, 208; as griot, 79; Guelwaar, 80–81, 93–94, 96; Moolaadé, 103; Ô pays, mon beau peuple!, 94–96;

semiotics, 27

Senghor, Léopold Sédar, 12–13, 148–49, 176

Serer language, 2, 6, 67, 126, 132

Sierra Leone, military conflict in, 53–55

silence, importance of, 213–14

silent reading, 1–2, 26–27

Simek, Nicole Jenette, 175–76

Small, Christopher, 82

small soldiers. See child soldiers

Snoop Dogg, 114

So Long a Letter. See Une si longue lettre

Soleil est parti à M'pemba, Le, 52

Soleils des indépendances, Les: 4, 13, 15, 17–19, 23–24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 173; background information, 66; dance of the hunters, 106–7; drums and drumming and, 86, 91–92, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11; excision, 103–4, 106; funerary rituals, 94–96, 106–7; griot traditions, 7, 77–79, 81; guns as percussive devices, 106–7; infertility in 66–67, 104–5; localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic, 76–79, 85–86, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11, 217–21; marketplace in, 110–11; marriage, 104–6; mortars and pestles in, 106–7; musical instruments in, 12, 86, 91–92, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11; myth and, 105–6; prison, Fama's liberation from, 107–8; publication history, 66; reappropriation and 65–67, 76–79, 85–86, 91–92, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11, 219; relationality and, 76–79, 85–86, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11, 217–21; repetition in, 95–96; social activism >and 65–67, 76–79, 85–86, 91–92, 95–96, 98, 102–8, 110–11, 219;

Solibo Magnificent. See Solibo Magnifique

Solibo Magnifique, 4, 13, 17–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 160; carnivalesque in, 212; dance in, 179–81; death and mourning in, 163–67, 170–72, 181–82, 188–89, 192–203, 210–14, 219–20; drummer in, 192–201, 214–16; ethnographer in, 165, 177–78, 181–82, 210–11; folklore and, 163–67, 176–78, 181–82, 192–203, 214–16; intertextuality in, 176–78, 180–82; localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic, 8–9, 163–67, 170–72, 176–78, 180–82, 184–85, 187–89, 192–203, 210–21; marriage in, 104–6; memory in, 170–72, 180–82, 188–89, 192–203, 210–16; mosaic identities in, 172, 180–82, 184–85, 188–89, 192–203, 210–16; police report in, 164–65, 167, 181–82, 188–89, 210–16; relationality and, 163–67, 170–72, 176–78, 180–82, 184–85, 187, 192–203, 210–21; silence in, 213–14; storyteller in, 163–66, 170–72, 177–78, 180–82, 188–89, 192–203, 210–16; transcribed drum solo in, 194–97; transposed story in, 198–201; wound as metaphor in, 211–12

Soninké language, 2, 6, 67

sounding off, 19, 111, 216, 220–21

Sourieau, Marie-Agnès, 185–86

Sow Fall, Aminata: 1, 3–4, 16–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 90, 112, 173; Appel des arènes, L', 114–15, 119–21, 124–39, 156–59, 217–21; bibliography, 120; biography, 120–21; roots model of identity, 156–59

Stone, Ruth, 7

study abroad, student experiences, 60

structuralism, 27

Suns of Independence, The. See Soleils des indépendances, Les

Sutherland-Addy, Esi, 64–65

tagg, 128–29, 131

tama, 12, 126, 137

Tambour Babel, 162

tambour bèlè, 11, 13, 195, 201

tambour calebasse. See bendré tam-tam

tambour dejanbe, 195

tanbou bèlè. See tambour bèlè

tanbou dejanbe. See tambour dejanbe

Tcheuyap, Alexie, 197

Terray, M. L., 24

Terrine, Jean-Marc, 201

texted: as adjective 3; as verb, 3

Things Fall Apart, 25

Thompson, Robert Farris, 134

Ti Jean L'horizon : 4, 13, 16–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 173; background information, 115–16; dance and, 145–47; drums and drumming in, 140–52; folklore and, 115–19, 140–52; food, importance of, 143–45; gunfire in, 149–50; journeys and, 114–20, 125, 138–56, 158–59, 219; localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic, 114–20, 125, 138–52, 217–21; marriage in, 104–6; mortars and pestles in, 143–47; relationality and 114–20, 125, 138–56, 158–59, 217–21; repetition in, 149–51; tree as metaphor in, 152–56, 158–59

tiado, 132

tibwa, 11, 13, 195

tirailleur soldiers, 93

Toucouleur language, 72, 126

Toureh, Fanta, 116–17

Toyo, Adebayo, 85

Traité du tout-monde, 48, 168–60, 184, 185

transcription, musical, 13, 31

transcultural transpoetic space, 14–19, 47–50, 91, 111, 115, 129–31, 152–59, 162–63, 168–70, 173, 175, 179–80, 183–87, 192–203, 212–14, 217–21

transculture, 14–19, 42–43, 73, 91, 111, 129–31, 146–47, 168–70, 173, 175, 179, 183–87, 192–203, 212–14, 217–21

transpoetics, 14–19, 27–30, 91, 111, 129–31, 173, 175, 183–87, 192–203, 212–14, 217–21

transposition, 3, 19, 74–77, 87, 90–92, 111, 122, 129–33, 164, 173–75, 179, 188, 194–202, 218–20

Traversée de la mangrove : 4, 13, 17–19, 24, 29, 42, 50, 61, 160; dance in, 179–80; death and mourning in, 163, 167–68, 170–73, 180, 188–92, 202–9, 211, 215–16, 219; drums and drumming in, 205; folklore in, 179–80; funerary traditions in, 189–92, 204–9; intertextuality in, 175–76, 178–80; localization strategies, linguistic and stylistic, 163, 168, 170–73, 175–76, 178–80, 187–19, 202–9, 211, 215–21; mangrove as metaphor in, 168–70, 187–92, 202–3, 211, 215–16; maroons in, 207–8; memory in, 170–73, 175–80, 188–92, 202–9, 215–16; mosaic identities in, 172–73, 178–80, 188–92, 202–9, 211, 215–16; relationality and, 163, 167–68, 170–73, 175–76, 178–80, 187–92, 202–9, 211, 215–21; storyteller in, 179–80; vocal music in, 202–6