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Tiananmen Fictions Outside the Square: The Chinese Literary Diaspora and the Politics of Global Culture: Index

Tiananmen Fictions Outside the Square: The Chinese Literary Diaspora and the Politics of Global Culture

Index

INDEX

Agamben, Giorgio: on bare life and state of exception, 60–61, 81, 200–206, 239; on neomort, 207–8, 223, 235; on Tiananmen, 239

An Tian, 23

Ang, Ien, 127–28, 253–54n9

Appadurai, Arjun, 169, 181

Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 57

Apted, Michael, 214

Arendt, Hannah, 1, 57–61

Arrighi, Giovanni, 240–41

Asian American literature: Ha Jin and, 14, 117, 124, 132–33; Tiananmen’s impact on, 7, 241–42

autoethnography, 143, 174–75

Barthes, Roland, 110–11

Bataille, Georges, 243

Bei Dao, 3, 18–19, 249n2

Beijing Comrade, 20

Bell, William, 21

Benjamin, Walter: on afterlife, 12–13; on history and time, 201, 207–9; on mere life, 59–60

Berry, Michael, 2, 189, 244, 252–53n3, 253n5

bilingualism: Annie Wang and, 164–68, 171; Ha Jin and, 120, 124, 133–34

biopolitics: Agamben’s theory of, 60, 200–202, 239, 247; in Beijing Coma, 16–17, 188–209, 227–28; in contemporary China, 188, 239–40, 247; Foucault’s theory of, 192, 247; Hardt and Negri’s theory of, 240, 247

Bush, George, 4

Calhoun, Craig, 73, 238

cannibalism, 24–25, 103, 189–200, 243

Cao Guanlong, 189

capitalism: Aihwa Ong’s theory of, 178–79; in Beijing Coma, 193–201, 204–9, 239; in Lili, 147–64, 168–72, 178–82; Wang Hui’s theory of, 245–47

Castoriadis, Cornelius, 54, 251–52n11

Chai Ling: in Beijing Coma, 221–22, 228–32; criticisms of, 216–20, 229; in documentaries, 214–17; flight from China, 3; in Lili, 158, 183; post-Tiananmen life, 229–31; testimony, 209–10

Chang, Jung, 7, 170, 173

Chang, Leslie, 182

Charter 08, 90, 188

Chen Guang, 29–31

Chen Ran, 27

Cheng, Terrence, 21–22

chick lit, 177–78

Chin, Marilyn, 19

Chineseness: diaspora writers and, 42–44, 120–25; global discourses on, 42–44, 90; theories of, 7, 126–29, 174–75, 179; Tiananmen’s effects on, 6–7, 11, 129

Chow, Rey, 121–23, 173–75, 243

Clinton, Bill, 220

Conceison, Claire, 79

cosmopolitanism, theories of, 56–57

Cui Jian, 159, 233

Cultural Revolution: Annie Wang and, 171–72; in Beijing Coma, 190–93; in The Crazed, 92, 96, 100–101; criticisms of diasporic literature on, 172–73; Gao Xingjian and, 35–36, 71, 79; Ha Jin and, 91, 92; in Lili, 168–71; Ma Jian and, 187

Dai Qing, 217–18, 220

Dai Sijie, 5, 7

democracy, concept of, 162–63, 232–33

Democracy Wall movement, 3–4, 234

Deng Xiaoping: in fiction, 22; and liberalization, 2–3, 101, 154–55; role in Tiananmen, 72, 212

Derrida, Jacques, 57, 130

diaspora, theories of, 126–31, 253n8

Ding Zilin, 185–86, 228

Dirlik, Arif, 221

documentaries, 137–42, 214–20, 228–29. See also The Gate of Heavenly Peace; Moving the Mountain; The Tank Man

drama, 19, 21. See also Gao Xingjian, Taowang

Duo Duo, 4, 39–40, 61, 249n2

English: Annie Wang and, 164–68, 176; Ha Jin and, 91, 116, 122–25, 132–34; as language of Chinese diaspora literature, 7; as language of Tiananmen literature, 31–33, 241–42; translations of Gao Xingjian in, 40, 64; translations of Ma Jian in, 242

Esherick, Joseph, 162–63, 232–34

exile: Arendt’s theory of, 58–60; Gao Xingjian and, 60–62, 83; gender differences on, 181; Ha Jin on, 103–4, 118–19; in international media on Tiananmen, 36–38, 90, 250n1; of student leaders, 3, 214–15, 228–30

Falun Gong, 202–3, 227, 247

Fang Lizhi, 3, 8, 89

Fang Zheng, 226–27

Fanon, Frantz, 56

Feng Congde, 140, 221, 225

fiction, mainland China, 24–27

film, 28

Fong, Gilbert, 50, 63, 80

Foucault, Michel, 192, 247

Gao Xingjian: biography, 4, 35–37; Bus Stop, 61, 251n10, 252n16; essays, 44–55; and exile, 50–51, 60–62; and Nobel Prize, 36–44, 90; Taowang, 60–84; on Tiananmen, 53–55, 62–64, 67–74, 83–84; on women, 77–83

Gate of Heavenly Peace, The, 214–20, 229

Gilroy, Paul, 57, 254n10

globalization: Appadurai’s theory of, 169, 181; Gao Xingjian and, 40, 84; Ha Jin and, 123–24; in Lili, 143–56, 177–82; Tiananmen literature and, 8–9, 239–42; Wang Hui’s theory of, 245–47

Gu Cheng, 3–4

Gu Zhaosen, 22–23

Guo Xiaolu, 7

Ha Jin. See Jin, Ha

Hall, Stuart, 10, 129–31

Han Dongfang, 140–41, 188

Han Hsiang-ning, 29

Hardt, Michael, 240, 247

Hayot, Eric, 243

Hinton, Carma, 214–20, 228–29

Hirsch, Marianne, 115–16, 186

Hong Kong: Annie Wang in, 181; as Chinese diaspora, 7–8, 126; Ma Jian in, 4; as publishing site, 32, 166, 176, 255n1; Tiananmen controversy in, 217; Tiananmen works from, 2, 19, 22, 28, 250n9

Hong Ying, 5, 7, 23–24, 170, 189

hooliganism, 146–49, 168–72

Hou Dejian, 89, 159–60, 212, 233

Hsia, C. T., 9–10, 128, 142

Huang, Yasheng, 154–55, 254n1

human rights: Arendt’s theory of, 57–59; in Lili, 142, 157, 178; Ma Jian on, 188, 197; Tiananmen fictions and, 9, 11, 178

humanism, theories of, 56–60

hunger strike: as biopolitical technique, 205–6; Chai Ling’s call for, 209, 232; of four gentlemen, 89; in Lili, 158–59, 161–63

hyperreal, 26, 157, 234

Internet: as discussion forum on Tiananmen, 32, 238, 245; and Tiananmen art, 29–31; and Tiananmen literature, 20, 32; websites on Tiananmen, 218–19, 225, 236

Jameson, Fredric, 10

Jin, Ha: in America, 14, 112, 131–32; The Crazed, 93–116; criticisms of, 121–23, 132–33; English use, 86, 91, 107, 116, 123–24, 132–33; A Free Life, 90, 107, 117, 134–35; on intellectuals, 90, 93–104; self-perceptions as writer, 91–92, 98–99, 116–19; self-translation into Chinese, 133–34; on Tiananmen, 92–93, 111–20; and trauma, 14–15, 113–20; War Trash, 91, 133, 254n11

Joyce, James, 103–4

June 4. See Tiananmen massacre

Khoo, Olivia, 128, 175–76

Kristeva, Julia, 118

Kuo, Alex, 20–21

Kwan, Stanley, 20, 28

Lan Yu, 20, 28

Laughlin, Charles, 223

Lee, C. Y., 21

Lee, Gregory, 39–40, 44

Lee, Leo Ou-fan, 10, 61

Lee, Mabel, 40–41, 63, 65–66, 79, 83

Li Lu, 3, 141, 214–15, 218, 225, 229

Li, Yiyun, 5, 165

Liang, Diane Wei, 5, 22–23

Liao Yiwu, 32, 185–86

Link, Perry, 140, 189

Liu Binyan, 3, 229, 232, 255n1

Liu Hong, 5, 20, 165

Liu Xiaobo, 87–90, 99–100, 188

Liu Yiqing, 121–22

Liubukou, 221–28, 235–36

Lou Ye, 28

Lovell, Julia, 42–43, 79

Lu Xun: Gao Xingjian on, 49; Ha Jin on, 97–100, 103–4; “A Madman’s Diary,” 103, 112, 189

Ma Jian: Beijing Coma, 187–209, 220–36; on Beijing Olympics, 203–9, 227, 239; on China’s biopolitical history, 190–200; on cultural amnesia, 186–87, 198–99, 234–35; on Falun Gong, 202–3, 227; on student death, 221–24, 228, 231–32, 235–36

Mao Zedong: 1, 192

Marchetti, Gina, 216, 220

memoirs, 3, 172–73

memory, historical: China’s forgetting, 19–20, 137–40, 185–88, 198–99, 234–35; global politics of, 140–42; Tiananmen literature and, 8–9, 111–12, 221, 244–45; world memory of Tiananmen, 8–9, 83–84, 124–25, 241. See also postmemory

Mencius, 55–56, 252n12

migration: diaspora and, 10–11; Tiananmen’s effects on, 2–5

Mo Yan, 24–25, 189

Mo Yi, 28–29

Moving the Mountain, 214–15

Munro, Robin, 112, 140, 211–13, 237

music, 156–59

Nathan, Andrew, 31–32, 72–73

national allegory, 94–98, 103, 189, 193, 202, 233–34, 238

Negri, Antonio, 240, 247

Nobel Prize: 2000 Literature Prize, 25–44, 250n1; 2010 Peace Prize, 87–90; China’s desire for Literature Prize, 121–22

Olympics, Beijing, 202–9, 227, 239

Ong, Aihwa, 178–79

organ harvesting, 189, 194–97, 200, 207

orientalism: Annie Wang’s critique of, 143–54; charges of in Chinese diaspora literature, 172–73, 242–45; charges of in Ha Jin’s work, 122–23; theories of, 173–76

Perry, Elizabeth, 162–63

photography: Barthes’s theory of, 110–11; as medium of postmemory, 115–16, 186; and Tank Man image, 137–40, 186; Tiananmen art and, 28–29; of Tiananmen victims, 110, 225, 236

poetry, 18–19, 32

political theater, 162–64, 233–34

postmemory, 115–16, 186

Qi, Shouhua, 5

Qiu Xiaolong, 5

Ren Bumei, 225–26, 238

reportage literature, 222–24

responsibility, theories of, 50–62

Rojas, Carlos, 79–80

Ruan Ming, 72

Said, Edward, 50–51, 53, 56–57, 90

Schaffer, Kay, 178, 220

Schell, Orville, 140, 199, 214, 228

Sham, John, 214

Shan Sa, 5, 7

Shen Tong, 3, 229, 255n4

Sheng Qi, 28

Sheng Xue, 5

Simpson, John, 210–12

Sino-American relations, 220

Sinophone: Annie Wang and, 166–68; diaspora and, 7–8, 33; Gao Xingjian and, 40, 49, 251n4; Ha Jin and, 121–23, 133

Smith, Sidonie, 178, 220

soldiers, People’s Liberation Army. See Chen Guang

Song Dong, 29

student leaders: criticisms of, 215–20, 228–29; in documentaries, 214–17; flight from China, 3; post-Tiananmen life, 229–31. See also Chai Ling; Li Lu; Wang Dan; Wuer Kaixi; Zhang Boli

Su Xiaokang, 3, 220

Summer Palace, 28

Taiwan: as Chinese diaspora, 7–8, 126; critiques of Ha Jin from, 122–23; as publishing site, 25, 32, 166; Tiananmen controversy in, 217; Tiananmen works from, 22

Tam, Kwok-kan, 41, 251n4

Tank Man: in documentaries, 137–40; in fictions, 22, 23, 26; as Tiananmen icon, 8, 137, 186, 205, 241

Tank Man, The, 137–42, 175, 185

television, 4–5, 12, 71, 84, 113–14

Thomas, Antony, 137–42

Tiananmen massacre: censorship of in China, 24, 31, 138–40, 165; controversies surrounding, 212–13, 217–20; effects on literature, 1–6; effects on migration, 2–5; eyewitness accounts of, 12, 209–13, 224–27, 255n2; final evacuation from Square, 209–13, 224–27; literature’s impact on legacy of, 8–10, 237–45. See also Liubukou; student leaders; Tiananmen Mothers; workers

Tiananmen Mothers, 185–86, 205, 225, 228

Tiananmen movements, 8

Tiananmen Papers, The, 31–32, 72–73, 212, 223–24, 226

totalitarianism: Arendt on, 58; Gao Xingjian on, 54–55, 70, 83–84; Ha Jin on, 92, 124–25; Ma Jian on, 231–35

translation. See English

transnationalism: Aihwa Ong’s theory of, 178–79; Annie Wang and, 136, 142–43, 166–82, 239; Tiananmen literature and, 2

trauma, theories of, 15, 115–16, 119, 131, 134

Tsu, Jing, 122–23, 133

Tu Wei-ming, 7, 126–29, 131, 141

Virilio, Paul, 8–9

visual art, 28–31

Waley, Arthur, 55–56, 252n12

Wang, Annie: biography, 5, 12, 15, 136, 156–57, 167; diasporic women’s writing and, 170–76; language use, 164–67; Lili, 141–64, 175, 178–83; The People’s Republic of Desire, 19–20, 176–78, 254n4; and Tiananmen, 154–64

Wang Chaohua, 214

Wang Dan, 19, 215, 218–20

Wang, David Der-wei, 119–20, 134

Wang Hui, 245–47

Wang, Jing, 101–2, 169–70

Wang, Lulu, 7

Wang Shuo, 25–26, 169–72

Wasserstrom, Jeffrey, 162–63, 232–34

Wei Jingsheng, 214

Wong, Elizabeth, 21

workers, 162–63, 182–83, 212–13

Wu, Harry, 140, 195–97, 243

Wu Hung, 164

Wuer Kaixi: criticisms of, 229; in documentaries, 141, 159, 214–15; in fictions, 22, 157; flight from China, 3

Xinran, 7

Xu, Gang Gary, 71, 79

Xu Xi, 19, 22

Yamauchi, Wakako, 19

Yan Geling, 5

Yang Lian, 3, 249n2

Yang, Xiaobin, 253n5

Yao, Steven, 125, 132–33

Ye, Ting-xing, 5, 20–21, 170

Ying Chen, 5

Yue Minjun, 28

Zhang Boli, 3, 202, 229–31, 235

Zhang Liang, 72–73

Zheng Yi, 3, 189–90, 193, 255n1

Zhong, Xueping, 172–73

Zhu Tianwen, 122, 133

Zhu Wen, 26–27

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